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Unit 1 Operating System Notes

The document provides an overview of Operating Systems (OS), detailing their functions such as process, memory, file, device management, security, and user interface. It categorizes OS into types including batch, multi-programmed, time-sharing, and mobile OS, and distinguishes between command-line and GUI-based systems. Additionally, it outlines OS services, system calls, and key components involved in OS management.

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HEMANGI RAUT
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9 views2 pages

Unit 1 Operating System Notes

The document provides an overview of Operating Systems (OS), detailing their functions such as process, memory, file, device management, security, and user interface. It categorizes OS into types including batch, multi-programmed, time-sharing, and mobile OS, and distinguishes between command-line and GUI-based systems. Additionally, it outlines OS services, system calls, and key components involved in OS management.

Uploaded by

HEMANGI RAUT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit 1: Operating System - Notes for Diploma in Computer Engineering

1.1 Operating System: Concept, Functions

- An Operating System (OS) is system software that acts as an interface between user and hardware.

- It controls and manages hardware and software resources.

Functions of OS:

1. Process Management - Handles creation, scheduling, and termination of processes.

2. Memory Management - Manages allocation and deallocation of RAM.

3. File Management - Manages data storage in files and directories.

4. Device Management - Manages device communication via drivers.

5. Security & Protection - Prevents unauthorized access to system data.

6. User Interface - Provides command-line or GUI to interact with the system.

1.2 Types of Operating System

1. Batch OS - Executes batches of jobs with no interaction with user.

2. Multi-programmed OS - Runs multiple programs at the same time by managing CPU efficiently.

3. Time-Sharing OS - Allocates CPU time to multiple users by time slices.

4. Multiprocessor OS - Uses multiple CPUs to process tasks faster.

5. Distributed OS - Manages a group of independent computers to appear as a single system.

6. Real-Time OS - Responds to inputs immediately, used in embedded systems.

7. Mobile OS (Android) - Specifically designed for smartphones and tablets.

1.3 Command-line and GUI-based Operating Systems

Command Line Based OS:

1. DOS - Old Microsoft OS with command line interface.

2. UNIX - Multi-user, multitasking OS using command line.

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Unit 1: Operating System - Notes for Diploma in Computer Engineering

GUI Based OS:

1. Windows - Microsoft's graphical OS, user-friendly.

2. Linux - Open-source OS with GUI (Ubuntu, Fedora).

3. macOS - Apple's GUI OS for Mac systems.

1.4 OS Services and System Calls

OS Services:

- Program execution, I/O operations, File manipulation, Communication, Error detection, Resource allocation.

System Calls: Used by programs to request service from OS.

Types of System Calls:

1. Process Control - create, end, and manage processes.

2. File Management - open, read, write, close files.

3. Device Management - request or release devices.

4. Information Maintenance - get/set system data.

5. Communication - data transfer between processes.

1.5 Components of OS

1. Process Management - Controls process execution, scheduling, synchronization.

2. Main Memory Management - Allocates/deallocates RAM.

3. File Management - Manages file storage, access, naming.

4. I/O Management - Controls I/O devices using drivers.

5. Secondary Storage Management - Manages HDD, SSD data storage, formatting.

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