UNIT-2: AI PROJECT CYCLE

Whatt iss an
n AII Projectt Cycle?

Project Cycle is a step-by-step process to solve problems using proven

scientific methods and drawing inferences about them.

Let us take some daily examples as projects, requiring

steps to solve theproblem. Creating a birthday card.
 Checking the factors like budget, etc which will help us decide
the next steps andunderstanding the Project.
 Acquiring data from different sources like online, with friends
etc for Designs andideas.

 Making a list of the gathered data.

 Creating or modelling a card on the basis of the data collected.

 Showing it to Parents or cousins to let them check it or evaluate it.

Components of AI Project Cycle?

Components of the project cycle are the steps that contribute to

completing the Project.The Components of AI Project Cycle are:
-
‫ ٳ‬Problem Scoping - Understanding the problem
‫ ٳ‬Data Acquisition - Collecting accurate and reliable data
‫ ٳ‬Data Exploration - Arranging the data uniformly
‫ ٳ‬Modelling - Creating Models from the data
‫ ٳ‬Evaluation - Evaluating the project

1. Problem Scoping

Problem Scoping refers to understanding a problem, finding out

various factors which affect the problem, define the goal or aim of

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 the project.

Sustainable Development Goals Sustainable Development: To

Develop for thepresent without exploiting the resources of the future.

o 17 goals announced by United Nations.

o Aim to achieve them by 2030.
o Pledge taken by all the member nations of the UN.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global
Goals, were adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 as a
universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that
all people enjoy peace and prosperity.

4 W's of Problem Scoping

Problem Statement Template
The 4W’s of Problem Scoping are Who, What, Where, and Why.
This W’s helps in identifying and understanding the problem in a better and
efficient manner.
‫ ٳ‬Who - “Who” part helps us in comprehending and categorizing
who all are affected directly and indirectly with the problem and
who are called the Stake Holders.

‫ ٳ‬What - “What” part helps us in understanding and identifying the

nature of the problem and under this block, you also gather
evidence to prove that the problem you have selected exists.
‫ ٳ‬Where - "Where” does the problem arise, situation, context, and location?
‫ ٳ‬Why - “Why” is the given problem worth solving?
Problem Statement Template
The Problem Statement Template helps us to summarize all the key
points into one single template. So that in the future, whenever there is a
need to look back at the basis of the problem, we can take a look at the

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 Problem Statement Template and understand its key elements of it.
Have a look at Problem Statement Template.
The Stakeholder Who
Have a problem Issue/Problem What
When/While Context/Situation/Location Where
Ideal Solution How the solution will help the Why
stakeholders
2. Data Acquisition
The process of collecting accurate and reliable data to work with. Two types of Data
Sets

Base Training set Testing set

Use Used for Training the model Used for Testing the model after it is
trained
Size Is allot bigger than testing data It is smaller than Training set and
and constitutes
constitutes about 70% to 80% about 20% to 30%

Data Features
o Refer to the type of data you want to collect.
o E.g.: Salary amount, increment percentage, increment period, bonus etc.
Big data
o It includes data with sizes that exceed the capacity of
traditional software to process within an acceptable time
and value.
o The main focus is on unstructured type of data

D Volume
Ь Amount of data produced
E Variety
Big Data Ь Types of data produced
F Velocity
Ь Speed of data produced

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 ‫ٳ‬ Observations
● When we observe something carefully, we get some information

● For ex: Scientists Observe creatures to study them.

● Observations are a time-consuming data source.

‫ ٳ‬Surveys

● The survey is a method of gathering specific information from a sample of

people.
● Example, a census survey for analysing the population

Data Exploration

In this stage of project cycle, we try to interpret some useful information

out of the data we have acquired. For this purpose, we need to explore
the data and try to put it uniformly fora better understanding. This stage
deals with validating or verification of the collected data and to analyze
that:

ཙ The data is according to the specifications decided.

ཙ The data is free from errors.

‫ ٳ‬Web Scraping

● Web Scraping means collecting data from web using some

technologies.
● We use it for monitoring prices, news and etc.
● Example: Web Scrapping using beautiful soup in python.
‫ ٳ‬Sensors

● Sensors are very important but very simple to understand.

● Sensors are the part of IoT (Internet of things)
● Sensors collect the physical data and detect the changes.

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 ‫ ٳ‬Cameras

● Camera captures the visual information and then that

information which is called image is used as a source of data.
● Cameras are used to capture raw visual data.

‫ ٳ‬API

● Application Programming interface.

● API is a messenger which takes requests and tells the
system about requests and gives the response.
● Ex: Twitter API, Google Search API
ཙ The data is meeting our needs This stage is divided into 2 sub stages.
 Data Cleaning
 Data Visualization.
1) Data Cleaning

Data cleaning helps in getting rid of commonly found errors and

mistakes in a data set. These are the 3 commonly found errors in data.

 Outliers: Data points existing out of the range.

 Missing data: Data points missing at certain places.
 Erroneous data: Incorrect data points.

Outliers

An outlier is a data point in a dataset

that is distantfrom all other
observations.
or
An outlier is something that behaves
differently fromthe combination/
collection of the data.
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 Missing Data
What do these NaN valuesindicate?
They are the missing values in the
data set.
We can handle them in two ways:
1. By eliminating the rows of missing
values. (Generally, not recommended
as it might reduce the data set to some
extent leading to less data to be trained)

2.By Using an Imputer to find the best possible substituteto replace missing values.
3. Erroneous Data:

Class
Erroneous data is test data that falls outside of what is
acceptable and should be rejected bythe system. Student Name
RIYA GEORGE XA
JOSHUA SAM XA
APARNA BINU XA
SIDHARDH V R XA
NITHILA M 57
ATHULYA M S XA
ANUJA MS XB
KEERTHI KRISHNANATH XB

1) Data Visualization

Why we need to explore data through visualization?

 We want to quickly get a sense of the trends, relationships, and

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 patterns contained within the data.
 It helps us define strategy for which model to use at a later stage.
Visual representation is easier to understand and communicate to others. Example

3: Data Visualization Techniques

 Area Graphs
Area Graphs are Line Graphs but with the area
below the line filled in with a certain colour or
texture. Like Line
Graphs, Area Graphs are used to
display the development of quantitative
values over an interval or time period. They
are mostcommonly used to show trends, rather
than convey
specific values.
 Bar Charts
The classic Bar Chart uses either horizontal or
vertical bars (column chart) to show discrete,
numerical comparison across categories. Bars
Charts are distinguished from Histograms, as
they do not display continuous
developments over an interval. Bar Chart's

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 discrete data is categorical data and therefore
answers the question of "how many?" in each
category.

 Histogram

A Histogram visualizes the distribution of

data over a continuous interval or certain time
period. Each bar in a histogram represents the
tabulated frequency at each interval/bin.
Histograms help give an estimate as to where
values are concentrated, what the extremes are
and whether there are any gaps or unusual
values.
 Line Graphs
Line Graphs are used to display
quantitative values over a continuous
interval or time period. A Line Graph is
most frequently used to show trends and
analyze how the datahas changed over time.
Line Graphs are drawn by first plotting data
points on a Cartesian coordinate grid, then
connecting a line between all of these
points.
Typically, the y-axis has a quantitative
value, while the x-axis is a timescale or a
sequence of intervals. Negative values can
be displayed below the x-axis.

 Scatterplots

A scatterplot is a type of data display that

shows the relationship between two
numerical variables. Each member of the

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 dataset gets plotted as a point whose (x,
y) coordinates relates to its values for the
two variables.

 Flow Charts
This type of diagram is used to show the sequential
steps of a process. Flow Charts map out a
process using a series of connected symbols,
which makes process easy to understand and
aids in its communication to other people. Flow
Charts are useful for explaining how a complex
and/or abstract procedure, system, concept or
algorithm work. Drawing a Flow Chart can also
help in planning an developing an existing one
relationship or correlation between the two
variables exists.

7. Pie Charts

Pie Charts help show proportions and percentages between categories, by

dividing a circle into proportional segments. Each arc length represents a
proportion of each category, while the full circle represents the total sum
of all the data, equal to 100%. Pie Charts are ideal forgiving the reader a
quick idea of the proportional distribution of the data.

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 4. Modelling

It’s the fourth stage of AI project cycle. In previous stage, i.e.

graphical representation makes the data understandable for humans as
we can discover trends and patterns out of it. But when it comes to
machines accessing and analyzing data, it needs the data in the most
basic form of numbers (which is binary – 0s and 1s) and when it
comes to discovering patterns and trends in data, the machine goes in
for mathematical representations of the same.

The ability to mathematically describe the relationship

between parameters isthe heart of every AI model.
Generally, AI models can be classified as follows:

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 Rule Based Approach

In this approach, the rules are defined by the developer. The machine
follows the rules or instructions mentioned by the developer and
performs its task accordingly. So, it’s a static model. i.e. the machine
once trained, does not take into consideration any changes made inthe
original training dataset
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rule Answer
Thus, machine learning gets introduced as an extension to this as in that
case, the machine adapts to change in data and rules and follows the
updated path only, while a rule-based model does what it has been taught
once.
Learning Based Approach
It’s a type of AI modelling where the machine learns by itself. Under
the Learning Based approach, the AI model gets trained on the data fed
to it and then is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change
in data. That is, if the model is trained with X type of data and the
machine designs the algorithm around it, the model would modify itself
according to the changes which occur in the data so that all the

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 exceptions are handled in this case.

Data
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After training, the machine is now fed with testing data. Now, the testing
data might not havesimilar images as the ones on which the model has
been trained. So, the model adapts to the features on which it has been
trained and accordingly predicts the output.

In this way, the machine learns by itself by adapting to the new data
which is flowing in.This is the machine learning approach which
introduces the dynamicity in the model.
Generally, learning based models can be classified as follows:

MachineLearningModels

L UnsupervisedL ReinforcementL
earning earning earning

Dimensionality
Regression Classification Clustering Reduction

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, Supervised Learning

In a supervised learning model, the dataset which is fed to the machine

is labelled. In other words, we can say that the dataset is known to the person
who is training the machine only then he/she is able to label the data. A label is
some information which can be used as a tag for data. For example, students
get grades according to the marks they secure in examinations. These grades
are labels which categorize the students according totheir marks.

There are two main types of supervised learning models:

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D Classification

In this model, data is classified according to the

labels. For example, in the grading system, students
are classifiedon the basis of the grades they obtain
with respect to their marks in the examination. This
model works on discrete dataset which means the
data need not be continuous.
E Regression
This model work on continuous data. For example, if
you wish to predict your next salary, then you would
put in the data of yourprevious salary, any
increments, etc., and would train the model. Here, the
data which has been fed to the machine is continuous.
,, Unsupervised Learning

An unsupervised learning model works on unlabeled dataset. This means

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 that the data which is fed to the machine is random and there is a possibility
that the person who is training the model does not have any information
regarding it. The unsupervised learning models are used to identify
relationships, patterns and trends out of the data which is fed into it. It helps
the user in understanding what the data is about and what are the major
features identified by the machine in it.
For example, you have a random data of 1000 dog images and you wish
to understand some pattern out of it, you would feed this data into the
unsupervised learning model and would train the machine on it. After training,
the machine would come up with patterns which it was able to identify out of
it. The Machine might come up with patterns which are already known to the
user like colour or it might even come up with something very unusual like the
size of the dogs.
There are two main types of unsupervised learning models:

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Clustering
It refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can
cluster the unknown data according to the patterns or trends
identified out of it. The patterns observed might be the ones
which are known to the developer or it might even come up
with some unique patterns
out of it.
D Dimensionality Reduction
We humans are able to visualize up to 3 Dimensions
only but according to a lot of theories and algorithms,
there are various entities which exist beyond 3-

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 Dimensions.
For example, in Natural language Processing, the words are
considered to be N-Dimensional entities. Which means that
we cannot visualize them as they exist beyond our
visualization ability.Hence, to make sense out of it, we
need to reduce their dimensions. Here, dimensionality
reduction algorithm is
used.
,,, Reinforcement Learning

It a type of machine learning technique that enables an agent(model) to learn in

an interactive environment by trial and error using feedback from its own
actions and experiences. Though both supervised and reinforcement learning
use mapping
between input and output, unlike supervised
learning where feedback provided to the
agent(model) is correctset of actions for
performing a task, reinforcement learning uses
rewards and punishment as signals for positive
and negative behavior. Reinforcement learningis
all about making decisions sequentially.

5. Evaluation
Evaluation is a process of understanding the reliability of any AI model,
based on outputs by feeding the test dataset into the model and comparing it
with actual answers. i.e.o once a model has been made and trained, it needs to
go through proper testing so that one can calculate the efficiency and
performance of the model. Hence, the model is tested with the help of Testing

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 Data (which was separated out of the acquired dataset at Data Acquisition
stage.

The efficiency of the model is calculated on the basis of the parameters mentioned below:

1. Accuracy
Accuracy is defined as percentage of the correct predictions out of all the observations.

2. Precision
Precision is defined as the percentage of true positive cases versus all the cases where

the prediction is true.

3. Recall
Recall is defined as the fraction of positive cases that are correctly Identified.
4. F1 score
The F1 score is a number between 0 and 1 and is the harmonic mean of precision and r

ONE MARK QUESTIONS

1. The AI Project Cycle is a ____________ that a company must follow in order to derive
value from an AI project and to solve the problem.
a. Step-by-step process
b. Random process
c. Reverse process
d. None of the above
2. 2. The stages of the AI project cycle are _____________.
a. Problem Scoping & Data Acquisition
b. Data Exploration & Modeling
c. Evaluation
d. All of the above
3. Fill in the blank: Neural Network is a mesh of multiple ____________. (Hidden Layers)
4. Divya was learning neural networks. She understood that there were three layers in a
neural network. Help her identify the layer that does processing in the neural network.
(a) Output layer

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 (b) Hidden layer
(c) Input layer
(d) Data layer
5. How you can identify the problem scoping in the project.
a. Understand why the project was started
b. Define the project’s primary objectives
c. Outline the project’s work statement.
d. All of the above
6. Identify the algorithm based on the given graph

(a) Dimensionality reduction

(b) Classification
(c) Clustering
(d) Regression
7. Smita is working on a project that involves over a lakh of records. Which of the following
should she use to make the best project?
(a) Traditional programming
(b) Manual processing
(c) IoT
(d) Neural networks
8. __________ element helps us to understand and categorize who is directly and indirectly
affected by the problem.
a. Who
b. What
c. Where
d. Why
9. For better efficiency of an AI project Training data should be _______
i) Relevant ii) Scattered iii) Structured iv) Authentic
Choose the correct option:
(a) Both i and ii
(b) Both i and iv
(c) Only I
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 (d) Only iv
10.___________ section aids us in analyzing and recognizing the nature of the problem.
a. Who
b. What
c. Where
d. Why

11. _________ elements help to find where the problem arises.

a. Who
b. What
c. Where
d. Why

12.___________refers to why we need to address the problem and what the advantages will
be for the stakeholders once the problem is solved.
a. Who
b. What
c. Where
d. Why

13.________ summarizes all of the important points in one place.

a. Problem statement template
b. Problem statement document
c. Problem statement file
d. None of the above
14.The method of collecting correct and dependable data to work with is known as
___________.
a. Problem Scoping
b. Data Acquisition
c. Data Exploration
d. Modeling
15.What is data in AI?
a. Facts
b. Instruction
c. Information
d. All of the above
16.Which of the following refers to where among 4Ws canvas?
a. stakeholders b. nature of the problem
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 c. context/situation/location d. solution or benefits to the stakeholders
17. What are the different types of data __________.
a. Structured Data
b. Unstructured Data
c. Both a) and b)
d. None of the above
18. If data is easily accessible by humans and program, and easy to read is known as
_____________.
a. Structured Data
b. Unstructured Data
c. Both a) and b)
d. None of the above
19._________ data doesn’t follow traditional data models and is difficult to read, store and
manage.
a. Structured Data
b. Unstructured Data
c. Both a) and b)
d. None of the above
20.The dataset is divided in two parts ___________.
a. Machine dataset & Model dataset
b. Training dataset & Test dataset
c. Gaolable dataset & local dataset
d. None of the above
21.________ is a collection of data in tabular format.
a. Dataset
b. Structured Data
c. Unstructured Data
d. None of the above
22.A device that detects or measures a physical property is called __________.
a. Sensor
b. API
c. Observation
d. None of the above
23.An __________ is a software interface that enables the interaction between two apps.
a. Sensor
b. API
c. Observation
d. None of the above

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24.What is a System Map?
a. Helps to make relation between multiple element
b. Only one element will be responsible
c. Indicate the relationship using + or –
d. Both a) and c)
25.Data analysts utilize data visualization and statistical tools to convey dataset
characterizations, such as ___________.
a. size
b. amount
c. accuracy
d. All of the above
26.Data exploration is a technique used to visualize data in the form of statistical methods or
using graphs.
a. Statistical methods
b. Graphical methods
c. Both a) and b)
d. None of the above
27.Data Exploration helps you gain a better understanding of a _________.
a. Dataset
b. Database
c. accuracy
d. None of the above
28._____________helps to represent graphical data that use symbols to convey a story and
help people understand large volumes of information.
a. Dataset
b. Data visualization
c. Data Exploration
d. None of the above
29.A machine that work and react like human is known as ____________.
a. Artificial Intelligence
b. Machine Learning
c. Deep Learning
d. None of the above
30. Machine have abilities to learn from the experience or data.
a. Artificial Intelligence
b. Machine Learning
c. Deep Learning
d. None of the above

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31._________ is a program that has been trained to recognize patterns using a set of data.
a. AI model
b. Dataset
c. Visualization
d. None of the above
32.Type of AI model are _____________.
a. Lesson Based and Rood Based
b. Learning Based and Rule Based
c. Machine Learning and Visualization
d. None of the above
33.___________refers to AI modelling in which the developer hasn’t specified the
relationship or patterns in the data.
a. Learning Based
b. Rule Based
c. Decision Tree
d. None of the above

34. After a model has been created and trained, it must be thoroughly tested in order to
determine its efficiency and performance; this is known as ___________.
a. Evaluation
b. Learning
c. Decision
d. None of the above
35.Which of the following is the first and the crucial stage of AI Project development which
focuses on identifying and understanding problems?
a) Problem Scoping (ii) Data Acquisition (iii) Data Exploration (iv) Modelling
36.…………………… refer to the type of data to be collected.
a) Data security (ii) Data policy (iii) Data quality (iv) Data features
37.Which of the following uses dots to represent the relationship between two different
numeric variables represented on the x and y axis?
a) Histogram (ii) Scatter plot (iii) Bullet Graphs (iv) Tree Diagram
38.Statement A: Neural networks are made up of layers of neurons.
Statement B: Human brain consists of millions of neurons.
i)Only Statement A is correct (ii) Only Statement B is correct
(iii) Both the statements are correct (iv) None of the statements is correct
39. The process of developing AI machines has different stages that are collectively
known as Al …………………… .

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 a) Project status (ii) Project cycle (iii) Both a) and (b) (iv) None of these

TWO MARK QUESTIONS

1) Define AI Project Cycle, Name all the stages of an AI Project cycle.

Ans) Project Cycle is a step-by-step process to solve problems using proven scientific
methods and
drawing inferences about them. The AI Project Cycle provides us with an appropriate
framework which can lead us towards the goal.
The AI Project Cycle mainly has 5 stages: They are
a) Problem Scoping b) Data Acquisition c) Data Exploration d) Modelling e) Evaluation.
2) Name the 4Ws of problem canvases under the problem scoping stage of the AI
Project Cycle.
Ans) a. Who, b. What c. Where d. Why
3) What is a problem statement template and what is its significance?

Ans) The problem statement template gives a clear idea about the basic framework required
to achieve the goal. It is the 4Ws canvas which segregates; , who is affected, what is the
problem, where does it arise, why is it a problem? It takes us straight to the goal.
4) What is the need of an AI Project Cycle? Explain.
Ans) Project cycle is the process of planning, organizing, coordinating, and finally
developing a project effectively throughout its phases, from planning through execution
then completion and review to achieve pre-defined objectives. Our mind makes up plans for
every task which we have to accomplish which is why things become clearer in our mind.
Similarly, if we have to develop an AI project, the AI Project Cycle provides us with an
appropriate framework which can lead us towards the goal. The major role of AI Project
Cycle is to distribute the development of AI project in various stages so that the
development becomes easier, clearly understandable and the steps / stages should become
more specific to efficiently get the best possible output. It mainly has 5 ordered stages
which distribute the entire development in specific and clear steps: These are Problem
Scoping, Data Acquisition, Data Exploration, Modelling and Evaluation.
5) What is Sustainable development?
ANS – Sustainable development is the development that satisfies the needs of the present
without compromising the capacity of future generations.
This was a warning to all countries about the effects of globalization and economic growth
on the environment.
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 6) How many goals are there in
Sustainable Development? Mention any
two goals
ANS – In 2015, The general assembly of UN
adopted the 2030 agenda for SD based on the
principle “Leaving None Behind”. The 17 goals
in Sustainable Development goals are –
1. No poverty
2. Zero Hunger
3. Good Health and Well Being
4. Quality Education
5. Gender Equality
6. Clean water and Sanitation
7. Affordable and Clean Energy
8. Decent Work and Economic Growth
9. Industry Innovation and Infrastructure
10.Reduced Inequalities
11.Sustainable Cities and Communities
12.Responsible Consumption and Production
13.Climate Action
14.Life Below Water
15.Life on Land
16.Peace, Justice and Strong Institution
17.Partnership for the Goals

7) Why we need to explore data through visualization?

Ans) 1) We want to quickly get a sense of the trends, relationships, and patterns
contained within
the data.
2) It helps us define strategy for which model to use at a later stage.
3) Visual representation is easier to understand and communicate to others.

8) What precautions to be taken while acquiring data for developing an AI Project?

Ans) Data should be collected from an authentic source, and should be accurate. The
redundant and irrelevant data should not be a part of prediction.
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 9) Explain Data Exploration Stage.
Ans) In this stage of project cycle, we try to interpret some useful information out of the
data we have
acquired. For this purpose, we need to explore the data and try to put it uniformly for a
better
understanding. This stage deals with validating or verification of the collected data and to
analyse
that:
‫ ڹ‬The data is according to the specifications decided.
‫ ڹ‬The data is free from errors.
‫ ڹ‬The data is meeting our needs

10) What are the features of an Artificial Neural Network?

Ans) Any Artificial Neural Network, irrespective of the style and logic of
implementation, has a few basic features as given below.
x The Artificial Neural Network systems are modelled on the human brain and nervous
system.
x They are able to automatically extract features without feeding the input by
programmer.
x Every node of layer in a Neural Network is compulsorily a machine learning algorithm.
x It is very useful to implement when solving problems for very huge datasets.

11) Explain Rule-based AI modelling approaches.

Ans)Rule Based Approach: It refers to the AI modelling where the relationship or patterns
in data are defined by the developer. The machine follows the rules or instructions
mentioned by the developer, and performs its task accordingly. For example, suppose you
have a dataset comprising of 100 images of apples and 100 images of bananas. To train
your machine, you feed this data into the machine and label each image as either apple or
banana. Now if you test the machine with the image of an apple, it will compare the image
with the trained data and according to the labels of trained images, it will identify the test
image as an apple. This is known as Rule based approach. The rules given to the machine in
this example are the labels given to the machine for each image in the training dataset.
12) Explain learning-based AI modelling approaches.?
Ans) Learning Based Approach: In this approach, the machine learns by itself. It refers to
the AI modelling where the relationship or patterns in data are not defined by the
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 developer. In this approach, random data is fed to the machine to figure out patterns and
trends out of it. Generally, this approach is followed when the data is un labelled and too
random for a human to make sense out of it. For example, suppose you have a dataset of
1000 images of random stray dogs of your area. You would put this into a learning
approach-based AI machine and the machine would come up with various patterns it has
observed in the features of these 1000 images which you might not have even thought of!
13) Explain the Supervised Learning

Ans) a) Supervised learning is an approach to creating artificial intelligence (AI), where the
program is given labelled input data and the expected output results. OR Supervised learning
is a learning in which we teach or train the machine using data which is well labelled that
means some data is already tagged with the correct answer. After that, the machine is
provided with a new set of examples (data) so that supervised learning algorithm analyses the
training data (set of training examples) and produces a correct outcome from labelled data. In
a supervised learning model, the dataset which is fed to the machine is labelled. It means
some data is already tagged with the correct answer. In other words, we can say that the
dataset is known to the person who is training the machine only then he/she is able to label
the data.
14) Explain the Unsupervised Learning

Ans) Unsupervised Learning: An unsupervised learning model works on unlabelled dataset.

This means that the data which is fed to the machine is random and there is a possibility that
the person who is training the model does not have any information regarding it. The
unsupervised learning models are used to identify relationships, patterns and trends out of the
data which is fed into it. It helps the user in understanding what the data is about and what
are the major features identified by the machine in it.
15) Explain the graphical representation of Classification AI model.

Ans) Classification: The classification Model works on the labelled data. For example, we
have 3 coins of different denomination which are labelled according to their weight then the
model would look for the labelled features for predicting the output. This model works on
discrete dataset which means the data need not be continuous.
16) Draw the graphical representation of Regression AI model.
Regression: These models work on continuous data to predict the output based on patterns.
For example, if you wish to predict your next salary, then you would put in the data of your
previous salary, any increments, etc., and would train the model. Here, the data which has
been fed to the machine is continuous.

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