SmarterEnergyManagementUsingHomeAutomation

Vipul Kaushik1and Kirti Pal2

1,2
Department ofElectrical Engineering,Schoolof Engineering,
GautamBuddha University, Greater Noida, U.P., India
[email protected]

Abstract. In this digital era people are so fast and busy in their life that they generally
forgot to switch off the electrical appliances and even important cupboard in home. In
home automation the devices can be controlled and monitored from anywhere in the home
or from outside the home. Now a day’s most of the people use android phones due to its
easy features.Similarly in this paper a hardware device based on android mobile, arduino
unoboard, bluetooth module and a relay circuit is designed for smart home automation
which is easy to use. The device is of low cost, reliable, easy to install, monitor and control
home appliances using android smart phones. This device helps in improving standard of
living, energy efficient, time saving and most useful for disabled people to make them
independent at home.

Keywords: ArduinoUno, Bluetooth module,Android phone,Home Automation

1 Introduction

Demand of home automation increases day by day in few years as the standard ofliving
increases. People prefer control of all appliances from one place through re-mote access. Now
a day’s work from home culture is also increases, in such situation persons are busy in home
also and in on-line meeting they generally forget to switchoff light, fan and other appliances.
In this condition by using home automation people can control all appliances even during
their on-line meetings. The term home automation is well explained in [1-3] and the home
appliances are controlled by tablets, computer sand mostly by an
androidsmartphonewithinternetconnection [4,5].
In today’s time each and every person has android phones and they also know howto use
it and can control lights, fans by the use of Bluetooth module (HC-05).Home automation also
helps the people who live in old age or the people those are physically challenged [6]. So, by
the use of this system, they can switch on/off the appliances by sitting in their own places.
Most upcoming technology is IOT (Internet of
Things)ismostlyusedtocontrolandmanagedifferenthomeappliancesbyconnectingthrough
internet [7]. In this method less or no intervention of human can be managedasper
therequirements[8-10].Sensorbasedhome automation isalsoin usein [11]
In this paper a device is prepared for smart home automation which is quite simple and
easy to handle as nowadays each and every person know how to use the android phones. In
this device, the main use is of Arduino as codingcan be done in the arduino as per requirement
of device setting and also connect bluetooth module for wireless purpose and relay module
also to control the loads with the help of android. mobile phones. Arduino is
justlikethehumanbrainas human brain do differentthings like that arduino also do different
things. Arduino is connected to the computerand the project model so that it can perform
different task by changes in the arduinocoding different appliances can be controlled. Relay
is also connected with the ar-duino from where it gets information and it works as a switch
and it will operate.Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology that is used for transferring
data be-tween fixed device and mobile phone over short distances using UHF radio
waves.The frequency of bluetooth is 2.45 GHz. By using this it provides intelligence to
thisdevice.
2. Types of Home Automation:
• Bluetooth based Home automation system.
• GSM based Home automation system.
• Phone based Home automation system.
• Zigbee based Home automation system.
• Wireless Control system.

2.1 Bluetooth based Home Automation system: - This system consists of a mobile
phone(android), Arduino controller for control purpose and the loads that connect at the
output side of the Arduino[12] . As Bluetooth is a very secure and fast technology and it is
very secure because password can be used for connecting Bluetooth, this makes the system
reliable, secure and fast. This system can be operated by anyone they don’t have to take any
subscription or pay money for the security. Range of Bluetooth is between 10 to 100 meters,
2.4 GHz bandwidth and 3 Mbps speed. Fig.1 show the Bluetooth based home automation
system.

Fig 1: Bluetooth based Home Automation System

2.2 GSM based Home Automation System: -The system consists of phone, GSM
modem, Arduino microcontroller and peripheral devices. This system is used where is some
issue of network. In this GSM used as medium between the two places. This uses AT
command to connect with the GSM modem. This system works when the SMS passes to the
places. The home automation system proposed in [13] consist of three ways for home control:
internet, GSM network and voice control. GSM based home automation system is shown in
fig.2.
In [14] M2M system is described. For communication GSM is used. It offers M2M option
which consist of Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
and SMS. In this system uses SMS with attention (AT) commands. Here PC acts as a centre
for commands and communication system with GSM dial up is embedded in it. The received
messages are decoded by PC through SMS and accordingly perform the commands. In this
way the PC can be programmed for any kind of application as per the requirement.
 Fig. 2: GSM based Home Automation System

2.3 Phone based Home Automation: - This system used mainly in remote areas. In this
system ,telephone lines are mainly used for transmitting purposes. In this controller built on
a hardware completely. It also uses dual tone multi frequency (DTMF) transceiver which is
used to control the power supply with the help of solid-state relay. Three main components
used in the system: DTMF receiver with ring detector, IO interface unit, PC for online
operation [15]. Ringing of the lines is detected by the PC then inform to the user.

2.4 Zigbee based Home Automation: - The system mainly consist of PIC
microcontroller and a voice recognition for that mic is used, RS 232, Zigbee IX. Voice is
recognized in this system for working of this system. Voices are compared with the voice that
was used previously and if it matches then it works otherwise not. Main disadvantage of this
system is that it can only be used for small range. This system can not be used from long
distance.

Fig 3: Zigbee based Home Automation System

3. Proposed model methodology

Homeautomationdescribesasystemofnetwork,controldevicethatworkstogetherto make home

reliable, more comfortable, efficient, secure and advance from otherhomes. In this paper a
hardware device is modelled with six main parts arduino, blue-tooth module, relay module,
jumper wires, breadboard and supply. First of all, thesupply is given to the arduino with the
help of USB port in laptop to the USB plug tothe arduino and then connect the bluetooth
module onbreadboard. After that
connecttherelaymoduletothearduinoinwhichloads(bulb,fanandanyotherappliances)are
connected and give home supply to the channel provided by the relay so that it canwork in
agentlemanner.Theconnectionofall componentsisshowninfig4.

SUPPLY

ARDUINO

BLUETOOTHMODULE(HC-05)

12V4CHANNELRELAYMODULE

HOMEAPPLIANCE

Fig 4: Smart home automation device Flowchart

As shown in figure4the architecture of hardware model is quite easy to make andafter

making it is very effective and reliable while using it. With the help of Androidapplication
user can communicate through arduino uno and bluetooth module (HC-05). This model is
very flexible, measurable, good efficiency, safety and secure andless human effort is required
while making it. Bluetooth signal is very high signalreceiving the whole information without
any loss in harmonics. Home automationmain part is Arduino Uno with microcontrollerin
which coding is feeded as perdevice requirement. The relay can be used as a switch which
can easily be controlledand receive signal from arduino through bluetooth module (HC-05).
Android mobilephone is connected to the bluetooth module (HC-05) as shown in fig.5. It can
control several home appliances. There are three important part so this home automation: -
a). ArduinoUNO
b). Bluetoothmodule.
c). 12V4channelrelaymodule.
 Fig.5: Mobile Android Application

3.1 Component details

a) ArduinoUno:

ItisamicrocontrollerboardbasedonATmega328P.Ithas14digitalinput/outputpins. Pin 0, 1 is
used for Serial In (Rx)and Serial out (Tx). Pin 2 to pin13 is used forDigital I/O pin. There are
6 analog pins (from A0 to A5) these pins are only used foranalog signals. Arduino also have
reset button for reset purposes, USB plug is used togivesupplyfromlaptop.
Thereisacrystaloscillatoralsowhichticks16milliontimesa second and on every tick,
microcontrollerperform the task. There is a voltageregulator which regulates the voltages in
arduino. There is a Power jack which is usedasan external supply wheneverneed
externalsupplythisportisused.
 Fig6: -ArduinoUno

b) Bluetoothmodule(HC-05):

The HC-05 is a very cool module as it can add two-way wireless in hardware modeldesigned.
This module is connected firstly to communicate with arduino and secondlyto any device for
communication with bluetooth functions which are very commonnowadays in android mobile
phone, tablets and laptops. This module can be used inboth ways. It consists of six pins
namely first one is enabled key,second one isVcc(+5v), third one is ground, fourth one is for
transmitter, fifth one is for receiverand lastone isstate key.
Here enables key is used to toggle between low set (data mode) and high set (com-mand
mode). Vcc pin is used for supply voltage, Ground pin is used to connect system to ground,
Transmitter pin is used to transmit serial data which is received
viabluetooththenReceiverpinwhichisusedtoreceivetheserialdataandlastpinisstatepinwhichisu
sedasfeedbacktocheckwhetherbluetoothisworkingproperlyor not.

Fig7:Bluetooth module(HC-05).
 c).12v 4channelrelaymodule:

Relays are switching that open and close circuits electronically or electromechanically.They
work on electromagnetic attraction principle. When the arduino transmitted thesignal and
relay receive the signal then it starts working. In this device relay work asswitch and operate
the load. Relays are used for various purposes. The operating volt-
ageofthisrelayisbetween3.75 to5V andoperatingcurrentis2mA.
The relay uses electric current to open or close the contact of a switch. This is donewhen
current passes the coil it energies the coil that attracts the contacts of the switchand pull them
together when activated and spring separated them apart when coil isDe-energized.

Fig.8:Fourchannelrelaymodule

As shown in the figure 8 channels divided in four parts (relay). One part of relay isconsisted
of three ports first is NO (normally open) port, second is COM (common) andNC (normally
closed) port. The one end of the load is connected to NC ports it meansthe load remain
connected before trigger and one end is connected to NO. If NO con-nected to the load remain
disconnected before trigger and COM port is connected tooneendof the loadthat
istobecontrolled.
4. Hardware model designing and Implementation

The designed hardware model is quite simple, easy model and cost effective. Firstly,the
supply is given to the arduino uno from the laptop then 3.3V supply is given tothe Bluetooth
module and ground of Bluetooth module is connected to the ground ofarduino. Relay module
is connected to the digital I/O pins of arduino uno and formNO, NC and COM terminal. The
loads are connected at the output terminal and thenhome supply is given to the load. Firstly,
open the bluetooth of mobile phone to connect the bluetooth module (HC-05) and relay can
be operated by android applicationand in this way the load can be operated from anywhere in
the house. The device istested withdifferentloadsandswitching isalsoperformedmanytimes.

Fig 6: Smart Home Automation Installed System

 Fig 7: Smart Home Automation Working Model

5. Conclusion And Future Scope: -

In this paper wireless home automation device is designed which is easily operated by any
android phone. The designed device is simple, flexible and economical. The device can be
used anywhere for switching on/off the appliances. Home automation can also be used for
security purposes. The device can be operated onlyafter pairing password for security
purposes. This device can be handled by anyone.Testing withbluetooth is performed several
times on different mobile phones thus itproving its portability and wide compatibility. Thus,
economical smart home automation system was successfully designed and tested for energy
saving, security, and to make disabled and oldage peoplemoreindependent. This project gives
disabled people more reliability to them and it is also very helpful as some people they are
not able to move they can use this proposed model so that they can switch off and on the
household appliances from anywhere they are in the house. This project can be used with all
appliances in the houses.
In future, by the using of IOT and several latest technologies the proposed device can be used
from anywhere in the world. By using the different types of sensors, this device can become
more reliable and usable in different areas.

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