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Java Collections Notes

The document provides an overview of the Java Collection Framework, detailing its hierarchy, including interfaces like Collection, List, Set, Queue, and Map. It explains the differences between Collection and Collections, compares various list implementations (ArrayList, LinkedList, Vector), and discusses the characteristics of different map types (HashMap, LinkedHashMap, TreeMap, Hashtable). Additionally, it covers the use of the Comparable interface for custom sorting and the Properties class for configuration management.

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2 views4 pages

Java Collections Notes

The document provides an overview of the Java Collection Framework, detailing its hierarchy, including interfaces like Collection, List, Set, Queue, and Map. It explains the differences between Collection and Collections, compares various list implementations (ArrayList, LinkedList, Vector), and discusses the characteristics of different map types (HashMap, LinkedHashMap, TreeMap, Hashtable). Additionally, it covers the use of the Comparable interface for custom sorting and the Properties class for configuration management.

Uploaded by

vivekladduu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Java Collection Framework Q&A

Q1. Hierarchy of the Collection Framework in Java

Java Collection Framework has the following top-level interfaces:

1. Collection

- List (ArrayList, LinkedList, Vector, Stack)

- Set (HashSet, LinkedHashSet, TreeSet)

- Queue (PriorityQueue, ArrayDeque)

2. Map (Not part of Collection)

- HashMap, LinkedHashMap, TreeMap, Hashtable

Example:

List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();

Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<>();

Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();

Q2. Difference between Collection Interface and Collections Class

- Collection (java.util.Collection) is an interface representing a group of objects.

- Collections (java.util.Collections) is a utility class with static methods for collection operations.

Example:

Collection<String> c = new ArrayList<>();

Collections.sort(list);

Q3. ArrayList vs LinkedList vs Vector

- ArrayList: Fast for random access, not synchronized.

- LinkedList: Fast for insert/delete, uses nodes.


Java Collection Framework Q&A

- Vector: Synchronized version of ArrayList.

Use:

- ArrayList for read-heavy lists.

- LinkedList for frequent insert/delete.

- Vector for thread-safe operations.

Q4. List vs Set Interface

- List: Ordered, allows duplicates. Examples: ArrayList, LinkedList.

- Set: Unordered, no duplicates. Examples: HashSet, TreeSet.

List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();

Set<String> set = new HashSet<>();

Q5. Stack Class in Java

Stack extends Vector and follows LIFO.

Example:

Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<>();

stack.push(1);

stack.pop();

Program:

Stack<Integer> s = new Stack<>();

s.push(10); s.push(20);

System.out.println(s.pop()); // 20

Q6. HashMap vs LinkedHashMap vs TreeMap vs Hashtable


Java Collection Framework Q&A

- HashMap: No order, not synchronized.

- LinkedHashMap: Maintains insertion order.

- TreeMap: Sorted by keys.

- Hashtable: Thread-safe, no null keys/values.

Use:

- HashMap for fast access.

- TreeMap for sorted keys.

- Hashtable when thread-safe is needed.

Q7. Map Interface vs Collection Interface

- Map stores key-value pairs, does not extend Collection.

- Collection is for groups of elements (List, Set, Queue).

Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();

Collection<String> list = new ArrayList<>();

Q8. Comparable Interface and Custom Sort

Comparable allows objects to be sorted using compareTo().

class Student implements Comparable<Student> {

int marks;

public int compareTo(Student s) {

return this.marks - s.marks;

}
Java Collection Framework Q&A

List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();

Collections.sort(list);

Q9. Hashtable vs HashMap

- HashMap: Not synchronized, allows one null key, many null values.

- Hashtable: Synchronized, no null keys/values.

HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();

Hashtable<String, String> table = new Hashtable<>();

Q10. Properties Class Example

Used to read/write config from .properties file.

Example:

Properties prop = new Properties();

prop.load(new FileInputStream("config.properties"));

String value = prop.getProperty("key");

File: config.properties

username=admin

password=123

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