Ece-Curr-Syllabus & Curriculum
Ece-Curr-Syllabus & Curriculum
105
Department of ECE
COLLEGE VISION
COLLEGE MISSION
DEPARTMENT VISION
DEPARTMENT MISSION
To provide a good ambience which encourages the students to pursue higher education.
PROGRAMOUT COMES(PO)
Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources,
and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to
PO-5
complex engineering activities with an understanding of the
limitations.
PSO1: Design and evaluate electronic circuits and systems by effectively applying
principles of electronics, mathematics, and engineering fundamentals.
PSO2: Develop and assess communication systems using core concepts from
communication engineering, signal analysis, RF technologies, and electromagnetic theory.
PSO3: Embrace and integrate emerging trends in electronics and communication to create
novel solutions for both existing and future engineering challenges.
To equip students with a solid grounding in the fundamental sciences necessary for
advanced studies in Electronics and Communication Engineering.
To ensure students acquire sufficient expertise to excel as professionals in electronics
and communication sectors, including industry, academia, and research.
To foster a mindset geared towards lifelong learning, encouraging the adoption and
application of emerging ideas and technologies in their evolving discipline.
To train students to critically assess current scholarly work within their area of focus
and to ethically design innovative, research-driven solutions for identified challenges.
To instill a sense of professional integrity and ethics in students, along with the ability
to understand and address engineering problems within a broader societal framework
ANNEXURE1
CATEGORY OF COURSES & CREDIT DISTRIBUTION
2 BSC 12 7 4 - - - - - 23 14
3 ESC 5 9 5 - - - - - 19 12
4 PCC - 4 12 16 10 8 5 - 55 35
5 PEC - - - - 6 6 6 - 18 11
6 OEC - - - 3 3 3 - - 9 6
7 ESEC 1 1 - 1 1 1 2 - 7 4
8 IEEC - - - - - 2 3 10 15 9
9 SIP - - - - - - - - 0 0
Non-Credit/
10. - - - - - - - - 0 0
(Mandatory)
Total 22 24 22 20 20 20 22 10 160 100
HSMC – Humanities Social Science & Management Course PEC–Professional Elective Course
BSC – Basic Science Course OEC – Open Elective Course
ESC–Engineering Science Course ESEC–Employability Skill Enhancement Courses
PCC–Professional Core Course MC–Mandatory Courses
IEEC – Industrial Experience and Enhancement Courses SIP – Student Induction Programme
ANNEXURE II (CURRICULUM for I to VIII Semesters)
Semester - I
THEORY
2. S24HS3152 Communication Skills and HSMC 2 0 0 2 2
Professional Ethics
3. S24MA3151 Calculus and Linear Algebra BSC 3 1 0 4 4
Introduction to Electronics 3 0 0 3 3
Engineering
4. S24PH3151 Engineering Physics BSC 3 0 0 3 3
5. S24CY3151 Engineering Chemistry BSC 3 0 0 3 3
6. S24GE3151 Problem Solving and Python 3 0 0 3 3
ESC
Programming
7. S24GE3152 தமிழர் மரபு /Heritage of Tamils HSMC 1 0 0 1 1
PRACTICALS
8. Python Programming Laboratory 0 0 2 2 1
ESC
(Coding Skills – I)
9. S24BS3171 Physics and Chemistry Laboratory BSC 0 0 4 4 2
Soft Skills Lab - I 0 0 2 2 1
TOTAL 23
Semester – II
PERIODS PER TOTAL
S.NO. COURSE CATE-
COURSE TITLE WEEK CONTACT CREDITS
CODE GORY
L T P PERIODS
THEORY
1. Differential Equations and Complex BSC 3 1 0 4 4
Variables
2. Physics for Electronics Engineering 3 0 0 3 3
BSC
3. Basic Electrical Engineering 3 0 0 3 3
ESC
4. Engineering Graphics ESC 3 0 0 3 3
5. Environmental Studies & 3 0 0 3 3
Sustainability
6. தமிழரும் தததொழில் நுட்பமும் HSMC 1 0 0 1 1
/Tamils and Technology
PRACTICALS
7. Electrical & Electronics ESC 0 0 4 4 2
Engineering Laboratory
8. Mechanical Workshop 0 0 2 2 1
9. Personal Values - I 0 0 1 1 0
10. Coding Skills – II (Advanced C/ C+ 0 0 2 2 1
+)
TOTAL 21
Semester – III
THEORY
1. Transforms, Probability & Statistics BSC 3 1 0 4 4
2. Electronic Devices & Circuits ESC 3 0 0 3 3
3. Digital System Design 3 0 0 3 3
4. Signals and Systems PCC 3 0 0 3 3
5. Network Theory PCC 3 0 0 3 3
6. Control Systems PCC 3 0 0 3 3
PRACTICALS
7. Electronic Devices & Circuits Lab PCC 0 0. 3 3 2
8. Digital Design Lab ESC 0 0 3 3 2
9.
Coding skill – III (Java) ESEC 0 0 2 2 0
10.
Cognitive Skills - I 0 0 2 2 0
TOTAL 23
Semester – IV
THEORY
1. Electromagnetic Fields PCC 3 1 0 4 4
2. Analog and Digital Communication PCC 3 0 0 3 3
3. Analog Circuits 3 0 0 3 3
4. Microcontrollers & Embedded PCC 3 0 0 3 3
Systems
5. OEC 3 0 0 3 3
Open Elective – I*
6. 0 0 2 2 0
Constitution of India
PRACTICALS
8. Analog Circuits Lab PCC 0 0 2 2 1
9. Communication Lab
PCC 0 0 2 2 1
Microcontroller Lab
0 0 2 2 1
Coding skill – IV (Advanced Java) ESEC 0 0 2 2 1
Cognitive Skills – II ESEC 0 0 2 2 0
Personal Values - II ESEC 0 0 2 2 0
TOTAL 20
Semester – V
THEORY
1. Transmission lines and RF Systems PCC 3 0 0 3 3
2. Computer Architecture & PCC 3 0 0 3 3
Organization
3. Digital Signal Processing 2 1 3 3 3
4. Professional Elective-I PEC 3 0 0 3 3
5. Open Elective - II OEC 3 0 0 3 3
6. VLSI Design 3 0 0 3 3
PRACTICALS
8. Digital Signal Processing
PCC 0 0 2 2 1
Lab
VLSI Design Lab
0 0 2 2 1
9. Cognitive Skills - III
0 0 2 2 0
Business Communication - I
0 0 2 2 0
TOTAL 20
Semester – VI
THEORY
1. Computer Networks PCC 3 0 0 3 3
2. Antennas & Microwave 3 0 0 3 3
Propagation
3. Professional Elective-II PCC 3 0 0 3 3
4. Professional Elective-III PEC 3 0 0 3 3
5. Open Elective - III PEC 3 0 0 3 3
6. Human Values and Ethics 3 0 0 3 0
PRACTICALS
8. Computer Networks PCC 0 0 3 3 2
Laboratory
9. Antennas & Microwave Lab 0 0 3 3 2
Cognitive Skills - IV
0 0 2 2 1
TOTAL 20
Semester – VII
THEORY
1. Wireless Communication
PCC 3 0 0 3 3
2. Optical Communication & Networks HSMC 3 0 0 3 3
3. Management Elective HSMC 3 0 0 3 3
4. Professional Elective-IV 3 0 0 3 3
PEC
5. Professional Elective-V PEC 3 0 0 3 3
6. Professional Elective-VI PEC 3 0 0 3 3
PRACTICALS
8. Wireless Communication Lab
PCC 0 0 3 3 2
9. Optical Communication Lab 0 0 3 3 2
Skill Enhancement 0 0 2 2 1
TOTAL 23
Semester – VIII
PERIODS TOTAL
S. COURSE CATE PERWEEK
COURSE TITLE CONTACT CREDITS
NO. CODE GORY L T P PERIODS
1. S24GE375 Principles of Management HSMC 3 0 0 3 3
1
2. S24GE375 Total Quality HSMC 3 0 0 3 3
2 Management
3. S24GE375 Engineering Economics HSMC 3 0 0 3 3
3 and
Financial Accounting
4. S24GE375 Human Resource HSMC 3 0 0 3 3
4 Management
5. S24GE375 Knowledge Management HSMC 3 0 0 3 3
5
6. S24GE379 Industrial Management HSMC 3 0 0 3 3
2
Professional Electives I & II
PERIODS TOTAL
S. COURSE CATE PER
COURSE TITLE CONTACT CREDITS
NO. CODE GORY WEEK PERIODS
L T P
OPEN ELECTIVES
(Students shall choose the open elective courses, such that the course contents are not
similar to any other course contents/title under other course categories).
OPEN ELECTIVES – I
PERIODS TOTAL
S. COURSE CATE PER
COURSE TITLE CONTACT CREDITS
NO. CODE GORY WEEK PERIODS
L T P
1. S24OAS35 Space Science OEC 3 0 0 3 3
1
Introduction to
2. S24OIE351 OEC 3 0 0 3 3
Industrial
Engineering
3. Environmental and
S24OCE35 Social Impact OEC 3 0 0 3 3
1 Assessment
S24OEE35 Renewable Energy OEC 3 0 0 3 3
4. 1 System
5. Neural Networks and
S24CCS35 Deep Learning OEC 3 0 0 3 3
5
S24CCW33 Digital Marketing OEC 3 0 0 3 3
6. 2
OPEN ELECTIVES – II
PERIODS TOTAL
S. COURSE CATE PER WEEK
COURSE TITLE CONTACT CREDITS
NO. CODE GORY
L T P PERIODS
Resource
1. S24OIE352 OEC 3 0 0 3 3
Management
Techniques
2. S24OMG35 Fintech Regulation OEC 3 0 0 3 3
1
3. S24OAE351 Avionics OEC 3 0 0 3 3
4. S24AI3021 IT in Agricultural System OEC 3 0 0 3 3
S24OMA35 Operations Research OEC 3 0 0 3
5. 2
S24ORA351 Foundation of Robotics OEC 3 0 0 3 3
6.
OPEN ELECTIVES – IV
PERIODS TOTAL
S. COURSE CATE PER
COURSE TITLE CONTACT CREDITS
NO. CODE GORY WEEK
PERIODS
L T P
1. S24OHS352 Project Report Writing OEC 3 0 0 3 3
2. S24OMA355 Advanced Numerical OEC 3 0 0 3 3
Methods
3. S24OMA356 Random Processes OEC 3 0 0 3 3
4. Queuing and
S24OMA357 OEC 3 0 0 3 3
Reliability Modelling
5. Production and Operations
S24OMG354 OEC 3 0 0 3 3
Management for
Entrepreneurs
6. S24OMG355 Multivariate Data Analysis OEC 3 0 0 3 3
7. S24OME352 Additive Manufacturing OEC 3 0 0 3 3
8. S24CME343 New Product Development OEC 3 0 0 3 3
9. Industrial Design &
S24OME355 OEC 3 0 0 3 3
Rapid Prototyping
Techniques
10. Micro and Precision
S24MF3010 Engineering OEC 3 0 0 3 3
11. Cost Management
S24OMF354 OEC 3 0 0 3 3
of Engineering
Projects
12. Batteries and
S24AU3002 Management system OEC 3 0 0 3 3
13. S24AU3008 Sensors and Actuators OEC 3 0 0 3 3
14. S24OAS353 Space Vehicles OEC 3 0 0 3 3
15. S24OIM352 Management Science OEC 3 0 0 3 3
16. Production Planning
S24OIM353 and Control OEC 3 0 0 3 3
17. S24OIE353 Operations Management OEC 3 0 0 3 3
18. S24OSF352 Industrial Hygiene OEC 3 0 0 3 3
19. S24OSF353 Chemical Process Safety OEC 3 0 0 3 3
20. Electrical, Electronic
S24OML352 OEC 3 0 0 3 3
and Magnetic
materials
21. S24OML353 Nanomaterials and OEC 3 0 0 3 3
applications
22. S24OMR352 Hydraulics and Pneumatics OEC 3 0 0 3 3
23. S24OMR353 Sensors OEC 3 0 0 3 3
24. S24ORA352 Concepts in Mobile Robots OEC 3 0 0 3 3
25. S24MV3501 Marine Propulsion OEC 3 0 0 3 3
26. S24OMV351 Marine Merchant Vessels OEC 3 0 0 3 3
27. Elements of Marine
S24OMV352 Engineering OEC 3 0 0 3 3
28. S24CRA332 Drone Technologies OEC 3 0 0 3 3
29. Geographical
S24OGI352 OEC 3 0 0 3 3
Information System
30. Agriculture Entrepreneurship
S24OAI352 OEC 3 0 0 3 3
Development
31. S24OEN352 Biodiversity Conservation OEC 3 0 0 3 3
32. S24OEE353 Introduction to control OEC 3 0 0 3 3
systems
33. Introduction to
S24OEI354 OEC 3 0 0 3 3
Industrial
Automation Systems
34. S24OCH353 Energy Technology OEC 3 0 0 3 3
35. S24OCH354 Surface Science OEC 3 0 0 3 3
36. Fundamentals of Food
S24OFD354 OEC 3 0 0 3 3
Engineering
37. Food Safety and Quality
S24OFD355 OEC 3 0 0 3 3
Regulations
38. S24OPY353 Nutraceuticals OEC 3 0 0 3 3
39. S24OTT354 Basics of Dyeing and OEC 3 0 0 3 3
Printing
40. S24FT3201 Fibre Science OEC 3 0 0 3 3
41. Garment Manufacturing
S24OTT355 Technology OEC 3 0 0 3 3
42. S24OPE353 Industrial safety OEC 3 0 0 3 3
43. Unit Operations in Petro
S24OPE354 OEC 3 0 0 3 3
Chemical Industries
44. S24OPT352 Plastic Materials for OEC 3 0 0 3 3
Engineers
45. Properties and
S24OPT353 OEC 3 0 0 3 3
Testing of Plastics
46. S24CBM370 Wearable Devices OEC 3 0 0 3 3
47. S24CBM356 Medical Informatics OEC 3 0 0 3 3
48. Basics of Integrated Water
S24OCE354 OEC 3 0 0 3 3
Resources Management
49. Biotechnology for
S24OBT355 Waste Management OEC 3 0 0 3 3
50. S24OBT356 Lifestyle Diseases OEC 3 0 0 3 3
51. S24OBT357 Biotechnology in Health Care OEC 3 0 0 3 3
VERTICALS FOR MINOR DEGREE
(In addition to all the verticals of other programmes
Vertical I Vertical IV
Vertical II Vertical III Vertical V
Business Data
Fintech and Environment and
Entrepreneurship Public Administration Analytics
Block Chain Sustainability
Financial Sustainable
Foundations of Principles of Public Statistics
Management infrastructure
Entrepreneurship Administration for Development
Manageme
nt
Team Building & Datamining Sustainable
Fundamentals
Leadership for Business Agriculture and
of Investment Constitution of India
Management for Intelligence Environmental
Business Management
Human
Banking, Public Personnel Sustainable Bio
Creativity & Resource
Financial Administration Materials
Innovation in Analytics
Services and
Entrepreneurship
Insurance
Marketing and
Introduction to Principles of Administrative
Social Media Materials for
Blockchain and Marketing Theories
Web Analytics Energy
its Applications Management For
Sustainability
Business
Human Resource
Fintech Operation
Management for Indian Administrative Green Technology
Personal and Supply
Entrepreneurs System
Finance and Chain
Payments Analytics
Introduction to Financing New Public Policy Financial Environmental
Fintech Business Ventures Administration Analytics Quality Monitoring
and Analysis
Integrated Energy
Planning for
- - - -
Sustainable
Development
Energy Efficiency
- - - - for Sustainable
Development
(choice of courses for Minor degree is to be made from any one vertical of other
programmes or from anyone of the following verticals)
PERIODS TOTAL
S. COURSE CATE PER
COURSE TITLE CONTACT CREDITS
NO. CODE GORY WEEK PERIODS
L T P
1. S24CMG331 Financial Management PEC 3 0 0 3 3
2. S24CMG332 Fundamentals of PEC 3 0 0 3 3
Investment
Banking, Financial
3. S24CMG333 PEC 3 0 0 3 3
Services and Insurance
Introduction to
4. S24CMG334 PEC 3 0 0 3 3
Blockchain
and its Applications
Fintech Personal
5. S24CMG335 Finance and PEC 3 0 0 3 3
Payments
6. S24CMG336 Introduction to Fintech PEC 3 0 0 3 3
VERTICAL 2: ENTREPRENEURSHIP
PERIODS TOTAL
S. COURSE CATE PER
COURSE TITLE CONTACT CREDITS
N CODE GORY WEEK PERIODS
O. L T P
Foundations of
1. S24CMG33 Entrepreneurship PEC 3 0 0 3 3
7
Team Building &
2. S24CMG33 Leadership PEC 3 0 0 3 3
8 Management for
Business
Creativity & Innovation in
3. S24CMG33 Entrepreneurship PEC 3 0 0 3 3
9
Principles of Marketing
4. S24CMG34 Management For PEC 3 0 0 3 3
0 Business
Human Resource
5. S24CMG341 Management for PEC 3 0 0 3 3
Entrepreneurs
Financing New Business
6. S24CMG34 PEC 3 0 0 3 3
Ventures
2
VERTICAL 3: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
PERIODS TOTAL
S. COURSE CATE PER
COURSE TITLE CONTACT CREDITS
N CODE GORY WEEK
O. PERIODS
L T P
Principles of Public
1. S24CMG343 Administration PEC 3 0 0 3 3
PERIODS TOTAL
S. COURSE CATE PER
COURSE TITLE CONTACT CREDITS
NO. CODE GORY WEEK PERIODS
L T P
Statistics for
1. S24CMG349 PEC 3 0 0 3 3
Management
Datamining for
2. S24CMG350 Business Intelligence PEC 3 0 0 3 3
Human Resource
3. S24CMG351 PEC 3 0 0 3 3
Analytics
Marketing and
4. S24CMG352 PEC 3 0 0 3 3
Social Media Web
Analytics
Operation and
5. S24CMG353 PEC 3 0 0 3 3
Supply Chain
Analytics
6. S24CMG35 Financial Analytics PEC 3 0 0 3 3
4
VERTICAL 5: ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY
PERIODS TOTAL
S. COURSE CATE PER
COURSE TITLE CONTACT CREDITS
NO. CODE GORY WEEK PERIODS
L T P
Sustainable
1. S24CES331 PEC 3 0 0 3 3
infrastructure
Development
Sustainable Agriculture
2. S24CES332 PEC 3 0 0 3 3
and Environmental
Management
3. S24CES333 Sustainable Bio Materials PEC 3 0 0 3 3
Materials for
4. S24CES334 PEC 3 0 0 3 3
Energy
Sustainability
5. S24CES335 Green Technology PEC 3 0 0 3 3
Environmental
6. S24CES336 PEC 3 0 0 3 3
Quality Monitoring
and Analysis
Integrated Energy
7. S24CES337 Planning for Sustainable PEC 3 0 0 3 3
Development
Energy Efficiency for
8. S24CES338 PEC 3 0 0 3 3
Sustainable
Development
22
S24EC3352 DIGITAL SYSTEMS DESIGN LTP
C3 00
3
S24EC3251 ELECTRON DEVICES AND CIRCUIT THEORY LTPC
3 10 3
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
PN junction diode, Current equations, Energy Band diagram, Diffusion and drift current
densities, Forward and reverse bias characteristics, Transition and Diffusion Capacitances,
V-I and Switching Characteristics, Breakdown in PN Junction Diodes, Rectifiers – Half Wave
and Full Wave Rectifier, Zenerdiode and its applications.
UNIT II TRANSISTORS 9
Tunnel diode, Varactor diode, UJT, SCR, DIAC, TRIAC, Power BJT- Power MOSFET-MOS-
VMOS.LED, Photo transistor, Opto Coupler.
Resistive elements - Ohms Law- Kirchhoff’s current and voltage laws - series and
parallel connection of independent sources - R, L and C, source transformation, Mesh
current and Node voltage with DCAnalysis-methods of analysis, star delta
conversion. Transient response of RL, RC and RLC circuits using Laplace Transform
for DC input and AC sinusoidal input.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
REFERENCES:
th
1. W.H.Hayt, J.E.Kemmerly & Edition,
S.M.Durbin,EngineeringCircuitAnalysis,9
a. McGraw Hill Education, NewDelhi, India,2019.
2. Joseph Edminister and Mahmood Nahvi,―Electric Circuits,Schaum‘s Outline
th
Series,5 Edition Reprint,TataMcGraw Hill Publishing Company,NewDelhi,2016.
3. David A Bell, Electric Circuits and Electronic Devices, Oxford University Press, 2010.
th
4. ThomasL.Floyd,ElectronicDevices,9 Edition,Pearson,2017.
5. DonaldANeaman,Semi conductor Physics and Devices,4 th Edition, McGraw Hill,2017.
6. Dr. R.S. Sedha, A Text book of Applied Electronics, S Chand and company limited, 2019.
List of Experiments:
1. VI characteristics of PN diode.
2. VIcharacteristics of Zener diode.
3. Input and output characteristics of CE Configuration.
4. Characteristics of JFET.
5. VI characteristics of UJT.
6. VI characteristics of SCR
7. Verification of Kirchhoff’s current law.
8. Verification of Kirchhoff’s voltage law
9. Verification of superposition theorem.
10. Verification of Thevenin’s theorem.
11. Verification of Norton’s theorem.
S24EC3354 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS LTP
C3 10
3
S24EC3391 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LTP
C3 00
3
S24EC3351 CONTROL SYSTEMS LTP
C3 00
3
S24EC3461 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LABORATORY LTPC
0 03 2
S24EC3452 ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS LTPC
3 00 3
S24EC3401 NETWORK AND SECURITY LTP
C3 00
3
S24EC3451 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LTPC
3 00 3
S24EC3492 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LTPC
3 00 3
S24EC3462 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT LABORATORY LTPC
0 03 2
S24EC8562 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY LTPC
0 03 2
S24EC8691 MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LTPC
3 00 3
S24EC3552 VLSI AND CHIP DESIGN LTP
C3 00
3
S24EC3561 VLSI LABORATORY LTP
C0 03
2
S24EC8681 MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LABORATORY LTPC
0 03 2
S24ET3491 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT DESIGN LTPC
3 00 3
S24EC3551 TRANSMISSION LINES AND RF SYSTEMS LTPC
3 00 3
S24ET3492 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT DESIGN LABORATORY L T P C
0 03 2
S24EC3501 WIRELESS COMMUNICAITON LTP
C3 00
3
S24EC3502 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION & N/W LABORATORY L T P C
0 03 3
3
S24CEC346 POSITIONING AND NAVIGATION SYSTEMS LTPC
3 00 3
S24CEC340 MEMS DESIGN LTP
C3 00
3
S24CEC331 4G/5G COMMUNICATION NETWORKS LTPC
3 00 3
S24GE3451 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND SUSTAINABILITY LTPC
3 00 3
S24OEE351 RENEWABLE ENERY SYSTEM LTP
C3 00
3
S24OIM351 INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT LTP
C3 00
3
S24CEC332 ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LTPC
3 00 3
S24CEC349 RFID SYSTEM DESIGN AND TESTING LTPC
3 00 3
S24CBM352 HUMAN ASSIST DEVICES LTP
C3 00
3
REGULATION 2024
HONORS - SPECIALIZATIONS
BASKET 2 – RF TECHNOLOGIES
SI. COURSE CONTACT
COURSE TITLE CATEGORY L T P C
No CODE PERIODS
1. S24CEC350 RF Transceivers PEC 3 3 0 0 3
2. S24CEC353 Signal Integrity PEC 3 3 0 0 3
2. PEC
S24CBM352 Human Assist Devices 3 3 0 0 3
3. S24CBM368 Therapeutic Equipment PEC 3 3 0 0 3
Medical Imaging
4. S24CBM355 PEC 3 3 0 0 3
Systems
Brain Computer PEC 3 3 0 0 3
5. Interface and
S24CBM342
Applications
6. S24CBM341 Body Area Networks PEC 3 3 0 0 3