Encapsulation

Question One Code

class CommissionEmployee {

private String firstName;

private String lastName;

private String socialSecurityNumber;

private double grossSales;

private double commissionRate;

// validating constructor

public CommissionEmployee(String firstName, String lastName, String

socialSecurityNumber, double grossSales, double commissionRate) {

this.firstName = firstName;

this.lastName = lastName;

this.socialSecurityNumber = socialSecurityNumber;

setGrossSales(grossSales);

setCommissionRate(commissionRate);

// Finding Getters and Setters and validating

public String getFirstName() {

return firstName;

public void setFirstName(String firstName) {

this.firstName = firstName;

public String getLastName() {

 return lastName;

public void setLastName(String lastName) {

this.lastName = lastName;

public String getSocialSecurityNumber() {

return socialSecurityNumber;

public void setSocialSecurityNumber(String socialSecurityNumber) {

this.socialSecurityNumber = socialSecurityNumber;

public double getGrossSales() {

return grossSales;

public void setGrossSales(double grossSales) {

if (grossSales < 0.0) {

throw new IllegalArgumentException("Gross sales must be >=

0.0");

this.grossSales = grossSales;

public double getCommissionRate() {

return commissionRate;
 }

public void setCommissionRate(double commissionRate) {

if (commissionRate < 0.0 || commissionRate > 1.0) {

throw new IllegalArgumentException("Commission rate must be

between 0.0 and 1.0");

this.commissionRate = commissionRate;

// calculation of the earnings

public double earnings() {

return grossSales * commissionRate;

// Displaying employee details using the toString procedure

@Override

public String toString() {

return String.format("Commission Employee: %s %s\nSSN: %s\nGross

Sales: %.2f\nCommission Rate: %.2f",

firstName, lastName, socialSecurityNumber, grossSales,

commissionRate);

// Main method to test the class

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

// Creating an employee

CommissionEmployee employee = new

CommissionEmployee("John", "Doe", "123-45-6789", 5000.0, 0.10);
 System.out.println("Initial Employee Details:\n" + employee);

// Updating values

employee.setGrossSales(7000.0);

employee.setCommissionRate(0.15);

System.out.println("\nUpdated Employee Details:\n" + employee);

// Display earnings

System.out.printf("\nEarnings: %.2f\n", employee.earnings());

// Testing invalid values

System.out.println("\nTesting invalid values:");

employee.setGrossSales(-1000.0); // This should throw an

exception

} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {

System.out.println("Exception: " + e.getMessage());

try {

CommissionEmployee employee2 = new

CommissionEmployee("Jane", "Smith", "987-65-4321", 3000.0, 1.5);

} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {

System.out.println("Exception: " + e.getMessage());

Inheritance
Question five(5) code
import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

// Abstracting Employee class

abstract class Employee {

protected String employeeId;

protected String name;

public Employee(String employeeId, String name) {

this.employeeId = employeeId;

this.name = name;

// Abstract method to be implemented by subclasses

public abstract void performDuty();

// subclass for chef

class Chef extends Employee {

private String specialty;

public Chef(String employeeId, String name, String specialty) {

super(employeeId, name);

this.specialty = specialty;

@Override

public void performDuty() {

 System.out.println("Chef " + name + " is preparing " + specialty + "
dishes.");

// subclass for waiter

class Waiter extends Employee {

private String assignedSection;

public Waiter(String employeeId, String name, String assignedSection)

{

super(employeeId, name);

this.assignedSection = assignedSection;

@Override

public void performDuty() {

System.out.println("Waiter " + name + " is serving customers in the "

+ assignedSection + " section.");

// Restaurant Management System

class RestaurantManagementSystem {

public void assignDuty(Employee employee) {

employee.performDuty();

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Creating a Chef and a Waiter

 Chef chef = new Chef("E001", "Alice", "Italian");

Waiter waiter = new Waiter("E002", "Bob", "Outdoor");

// Adding employees to a list

List<Employee> employees = new ArrayList<>();

employees.add(chef);

employees.add(waiter);

// Assigning duties

RestaurantManagementSystem system = new

RestaurantManagementSystem();

for (Employee emp : employees) {

system.assignDuty(emp);

Polymorphism
Question One(1)

public class CommissionEmployee {

private String firstName;

private String lastName;

private String socialSecurityNumber;

private double grossSales;

private double commissionRate;

// Constructor

public CommissionEmployee(String firstName, String lastName, String

socialSecurityNumber,
 double grossSales, double commissionRate) {

this.firstName = firstName;

this.lastName = lastName;

this.socialSecurityNumber = socialSecurityNumber;

setGrossSales(grossSales);

setCommissionRate(commissionRate);

// Getter and Setter for grossSales with validation

public double getGrossSales() {

return grossSales;

public void setGrossSales(double grossSales) {

if (grossSales < 0) {

throw new IllegalArgumentException("Gross sales must be >= 0");

this.grossSales = grossSales;

// validating Getter and Setter for commissionRate

public double getCommissionRate() {

return commissionRate;

public void setCommissionRate(double commissionRate) {

if (commissionRate <= 0 || commissionRate >= 1) {

throw new IllegalArgumentException("Commission rate must be >

0 and < 1");
 }

this.commissionRate = commissionRate;

// Earnings method

public double earnings() {

return grossSales * commissionRate;

// toString method for displaying employee info

public String toString() {

return "First Name: " + firstName + "\n" +

"Last Name: " + lastName + "\n" +

"Social Security Number: " + socialSecurityNumber + "\n" +

"Gross Sales: " + grossSales + "\n" +

"Commission Rate: " + commissionRate;

public class BasePlusCommissionEmployee extends CommissionEmployee

{

private double baseSalary;

// Constructor

public BasePlusCommissionEmployee(String firstName, String

lastName, String socialSecurityNumber,

double grossSales, double commissionRate,

double baseSalary) {
 super(firstName, lastName, socialSecurityNumber, grossSales,
commissionRate);

setBaseSalary(baseSalary);

// Getter and Setter for baseSalary with validation

public double getBaseSalary() {

return baseSalary;

public void setBaseSalary(double baseSalary) {

if (baseSalary <= 0) {

throw new IllegalArgumentException("Base salary must be greater

than 0.0");

this.baseSalary = baseSalary;

// to include base salary using Overriding earnings method

@Override

public double earnings() {

return getBaseSalary() + super.earnings();

// displaying BasePlusCommissionEmployee info using toString method

@Override

public String toString() {

return super.toString() + "\n" + "Base Salary: " + baseSalary;

}
public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

// Create a BasePlusCommissionEmployee object using the six-

argument constructor

BasePlusCommissionEmployee employee = new

BasePlusCommissionEmployee(

"John", "Doe", "111-22-3333", 10000, 0.10, 3000);

// Displaying initial details

System.out.println("Initial Employee Info:");

System.out.println(employee);

// Update the baseSalary, grossSales, and commissionRate

employee.setBaseSalary(3500);

employee.setGrossSales(12000);

employee.setCommissionRate(0.12);

// Display updated details

System.out.println("\nUpdated Employee Info:");

System.out.println(employee);

// Calculating and displaying the total earnings

System.out.println("\nTotal Earnings: $" + employee.earnings());

// To test for invalid values

try {

employee.setBaseSalary(-1000); // Invalid base salary

 } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {

System.out.println("\nError: " + e.getMessage());

try {

employee.setGrossSales(-5000); // Invalid gross sales

} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {

System.out.println("\nError: " + e.getMessage());

try {

employee.setCommissionRate(1.5); // Invalid commission rate

} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {

System.out.println("\nError: " + e.getMessage());

} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {

System.out.println("\nError: " + e.getMessage());

Abstraction
Question (5)

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Scanner;

interface Department {

// Creating interface for Department

 void printDepartmentDetails();

// Class for Hostel

class Hostel {

private String hostelName;

private String hostelLocation;

private int numberOfRooms;

// setting hostel details

public void setHostelDetails(String name, String location, int rooms) {

this.hostelName = name;

this.hostelLocation = location;

this.numberOfRooms = rooms;

// printing hostel details

public void printHostelDetails() {

System.out.println("Hostel Name: " + hostelName);

System.out.println("Hostel Location: " + hostelLocation);

System.out.println("Number of Rooms: " + numberOfRooms);

// Class for Student (extends Hostel and implements Department)

class Student extends Hostel implements Department {

private String studentName;

private String regdNo;

private String electiveSubject;

private double avgMarks;

private String deptName;

private String deptHead;

// how to input student details

public void getStudentDetails() {

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter Student Name: ");

this.studentName = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter Registration Number: ");

this.regdNo = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter Elective Subject: ");

this.electiveSubject = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter Average Marks: ");

this.avgMarks = scanner.nextDouble();

scanner.nextLine(); // Consume newline

System.out.print("Enter Department Name: ");

this.deptName = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter Department Head: ");

this.deptHead = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter Hostel Name: ");

String hostelName = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter Hostel Location: ");

String hostelLocation = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter Number of Rooms: ");

int numberOfRooms = scanner.nextInt();

setHostelDetails(hostelName, hostelLocation, numberOfRooms);

}
 // printing student details

public void printStudentDetails() {

System.out.println("Student Name: " + studentName);

System.out.println("Registration Number: " + regdNo);

System.out.println("Elective Subject: " + electiveSubject);

System.out.println("Average Marks: " + avgMarks);

printDepartmentDetails();

printHostelDetails();

// How to Implement the Department interface

@Override

public void printDepartmentDetails() {

System.out.println("Department Name: " + deptName);

System.out.println("Department Head: " + deptHead);

// Class for UniversityDriverMenu

class UniversityDriverMenu {

private ArrayList<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<>();

// admitting a new student

public void admitNewStudent() {

Student student = new Student();

student.getStudentDetails();

studentList.add(student);

System.out.println("Student admitted successfully!");

 }

// migrating a student to a new hostel

public void migrateStudent() {

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter Registration Number of the student to

migrate: ");

String regdNo = scanner.nextLine();

for (Student student : studentList) {

if (student.getRegdNo().equals(regdNo)) {

System.out.print("Enter New Hostel Name: ");

String hostelName = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter New Hostel Location: ");

String hostelLocation = scanner.nextLine();

System.out.print("Enter New Number of Rooms: ");

int numberOfRooms = scanner.nextInt();

student.setHostelDetails(hostelName, hostelLocation,
numberOfRooms);

System.out.println("Hostel details updated successfully!");

return;

System.out.println("Student not found!");

// displaying student details

public void displayStudentDetails() {

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter Registration Number of the student: ");

String regdNo = scanner.nextLine();

 for (Student student : studentList) {

if (student.getRegdNo().equals(regdNo)) {

student.printStudentDetails();

return;

System.out.println("Student not found!");

// displaying the menu and handle user input

public void displayMenu() {

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

while (true) {

System.out.println("\nUniversity Management System");

System.out.println("1. Admit New Student");

System.out.println("2. Migrate a Student");

System.out.println("3. Display Student Details");

System.out.println("4. Exit");

System.out.print("Enter your choice: ");

int choice = scanner.nextInt();

scanner.nextLine(); // Consume newline

switch (choice) {

case 1:

admitNewStudent();

break;

case 2:

migrateStudent();

break;
 case 3:

displayStudentDetails();

break;

case 4:

System.out.println("Exiting the system. Goodbye!");

return;

default:

System.out.println("Invalid choice. Please try again.");

// Running the program using the Main Class

public class UniversityManagementSystem {

public static void main(String[] args) {

UniversityDriverMenu driver = new UniversityDriverMenu();

driver.displayMenu();