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Definite Integral - Definition, Formulas, Properties and Solved Examples

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Definite Integral - Definition, Formulas, Properties and Solved Examples

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SHUBHAM KHARE
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Definite Integral - Calculus

Before going to learn about definite integrals, first, recollect the


concept of integral. An integral assigns numbers to functions in
mathematics to define displacement, area, volume, and other
notions that arise by connecting infinitesimal data. The process of
finding integrals is called integration. Definite integrals are used
when the limits are defined to generate a unique value. Indefinite
integrals are implemented when the boundaries of the integrand
are not specified. In case, the lower limit and upper limit of the
independent variable of a function are specified, its integration is
described using definite integrals. Also, we have several integral
formulas to deal with various definite integral problems in maths.

Table of Contents:

Definition
Limit of sum
Properties
Definite integral by Parts
Examples
FAQs

3,863

Definite Integral Definition


The definite integral of a real-valued function f(x) with respect to
a real variable x on an interval [a, b] is expressed as

Here,
:
∫ = Integration symbol

a = Lower limit

b = Upper limit

f(x) = Integrand

dx = Integrating agent

Thus, ∫ab f(x) dx is read as the definite integral of f(x) with respect
to dx from a to b.

Read more:

Definite Integral & Riemann integral Formulas


Definite Integral Calculator
Definite Integral – Evaluating

Definite Integral as Limit of Sum


The definite integral of any function can be expressed either as
the limit of a sum or if there exists an antiderivative F for the
interval [a, b], then the definite integral of the function is the
:
difference of the values at points a and b. Let us discuss definite
integrals as a limit of a sum. Consider a continuous function f in x
defined in the closed interval [a, b]. Assuming that f(x) > 0, the
following graph depicts f in x.

The integral of f(x) is the area of the region bounded by the curve
y = f(x). This area is represented by the region ABCD as shown in
the above figure. This entire region lying between [a, b] is divided
into n equal subintervals given by [x0, x1], [x1, x2], …… [xr-1, xr],
[xn-1, xn].

Let us consider the width of each subinterval as h such that h → 0,


x0 = a, x1 = a + h, x2 = a + 2h,…..,xr = a + rh, xn = b = a + nh

and n = (b – a)/h

Also, n→∞ in the above representation.

Now, from the above figure, we write the areas of particular


regions and intervals as:

Area of rectangle PQFR < area of the region PQSRP < area of
rectangle PQSE ….(1)
:
Since. h→ 0, therefore xr– xr-1→ 0. The following sums can be
established as;

From the first inequality, considering any arbitrary subinterval [xr-


1, xr] where r = 1, 2, 3….n, it can be said that sn< area of the region
ABCD <Sn

Since, n→∞, the rectangular strips are very narrow, it can be


assumed that the limiting values of sn and Sn are equal, and the
common limiting value gives us the area under the curve, i.e.,

From this, it can be said that this area is also the limiting value of
an area lying between the rectangles below and above the curve.
Therefore,
:
This is known as the definition of definite integral as the limit of
sum.

Definite Integral Properties


Below is the list of some essential properties of definite integrals.
These will help evaluate the definite integrals more efficiently.

∫ab f(x) dx = ∫ab f(t) d(t)


∫ab f(x) dx = – ∫ba f(x) dx
∫aa f(x) dx = 0
∫ab f(x) dx = ∫ac f(x) dx + ∫cb f(x) dx
∫ab f(x) dx = ∫ab f(a + b – x) dx
∫0a f(x) dx = f(a – x) dx

Steps for calculating ∫ab f(x) dx

Step 1: Find the indefinite integral ∫f(x) dx. Let this be F(x). There
is no need to keep

integration constant C. This is because if we consider F(x) + C


instead of F(x), we get

∫ab f(x) dx = [F(x) + C]ab = [F(b) + C] – [F(a) + C] = F(b) + C – F(a)


– C = F(b) – F(a)

Thus, the arbitrary constant will not appear in evaluating the value
of the definite integral.

Step 2: Calculate the value of F(b) – F(a) = [F(x)]ab

Hence, the value of ∫ab f(x) dx = F(b) – F(a)

Definite Integral by Parts


:
Below are the formulas to find the definite integral of a function by
splitting it into parts.

∫02a f (x) dx = ∫0a f (x) dx + ∫0a f (2a – x) dx


∫02a f (x) dx = 2 ∫0a f (x) dx … if f(2a – x) = f (x).
∫02a f (x) dx = 0 … if f (2a – x) = – f(x)
∫-aa f(x) dx = 2 ∫0a f(x) dx … if f(- x) = f(x) or it is an even
function
∫-aa f(x) dx = 0 … if f(- x) = – f(x) or it is an odd function

Definite Integral Examples

Example 1:

Evaluate the value of ∫23 x2 dx.

Solution:

Let I = ∫23 x2 dx

Now, ∫x2 dx = (x3)/3

Now, I = ∫23 x2 dx = [(x3)/3]23

= (33)/3 – (23)/3

= (27/3) – (8/3)

= (27 – 8)/3

= 19/3

Therefore, ∫23 x2 dx = 19/3

Example 2:
:
Calculate: ∫0π/4 sin 2x dx

Solution:

Let I = ∫0 π/4 sin 2x dx

Now, ∫ sin 2x dx = -(½) cos 2x

I = ∫0 π/4 sin 2x dx

= [-(½) cos 2x]0π/4

= -(½) cos 2(π/4) – {-(½) cos 2(0)}

= -(½) cos π/2 + (½) cos 0

= -(½) (0) + (½)

= 1/2

Therefore, ∫0 π/4 sin 2x dx = 1/2

To learn more about definite integral formulas and integration


solver, download BYJU’S – The Learning App.

Definite Integration – Short Notes for Quick


Revision

2,297

Frequently Asked Questions on Definite


Integral
Q1

What is a definite integral?


:
The definite integral has a unique value. A definite integral is
denoted by ∫ab f(x) dx, where a is called the lower limit of the
integral and b is called the upper limit of the integral.

Q2

What is the formula for definite integral?

The formula for calculating the definite integral of a function f(x)


in the interval [a, b] is given by,
∫ab f(x) dx = F(b) – F(a)

Q3

What is a definite integral used for?

We can use definite integrals to find the area under, over, or


between curves in calculus. If a function is strictly positive, the
area between the curve of the function and the x-axis is equal to
the definite integral of the function in the given interval. In the
case of a negative function, the area will be -1 times the definite
integral.

Q4

Can a definite integral be negative?

Yes, the value of a definite integral can be negative, positive or


zero.

Q5

Do definite integrals have C?


:
No, definite integrals do not have C. As it is not required to add an
arbitrary constant, i.e. C in case of definite integrals.
:

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