Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

School of Engineering, Bengaluru Campus

Electronics and Communication Engineering
Sixth Semester Even 2024-2025
19ECE312 Information Theory and Coding
Simulation Assignment
VI ECE C Maximum: 10 Marks

CO Course Outcomes
Able to understand the Information theory fundamentals and the fundamental limits of
CO1
communication system.
CO2 Able to analyze the basic types of codes and understand the source coding algorithms.
CO3 Able to derive the channel capacity of communication channel models.
Able to understand the method of encoding and decoding technique of linear block code, cyclic
CO4 code, convolutional codes.
Able to carry out implementation of different source coding and channel coding
CO5
algorithms.

Simulation Assignment Questions 10 Marks CO5 BTL3

1. Use MATLAB code to encode 7 symbols with following probabilities using Huffman
encoding algorithm and answer the following questions
P= [0.12, 0.04, 0.16, 0.32, 0.10, 0.08, 0.18]
a) Find source entropy and display it in the command window as variable H_XX.
b) Find average length of the code and display it in the command window as variable
L_XX.
c) Find the Efficiency of the code and display it in the command window as variable
E_XX.
d) Encode the sequence of the symbols x=[3, 5, 2, 4, 1, 3] and display it in the
command window as variable C_XX.

2. Use MATLAB code to encode 8 symbols with following probabilities using Huffman
encoding algorithm and answer the following questions
P= [0.04, 0.06, 0.26, 0.20, 0.11, 0.09, 0.14, 0.10]
a) Find source entropy and display it in the command window as variable H_XX.
b) Find average length of the code and display it in the command window as variable
L_XX.
c) Find the Efficiency of the code and display it in the command window as variable
E_XX.
d) Encode the sequence of the symbols x=[4, 2, 1, 6, 3, 8] and display it in the
command window as variable C_XX.
3. Use MATLAB code to encode 8 symbols with following probabilities using Huffman
encoding algorithm and answer the following questions
P= [0.05, 0.13, 0.10, 0.25, 0.30, 0.05, 0.09, 0.03]
a) Find source entropy and display it in the command window as variable H_XX.
b) Find average length of the code and display it in the command window as variable
L_XX.
c) Find the Efficiency of the code and display it in the command window as variable
E_XX.
d) Encode the sequence of the symbols x=[6, 3, 2, 5, 1, 8] and display it in the
command window as variable C_XX.

4. Use MATLAB code to encode 8 symbols with following probabilities using Huffman
encoding algorithm and answer the following questions
P= [0.31, 0.05, 0.05, 0.13, 0.14, 0.06, 0.01, 0.25 ]
a) Find source entropy and display it in the command window as variable H_XX.
b) Find average length of the code and display it in the command window as variable
L_XX.
c) Find the Efficiency of the code and display it in the command window as variable
E_XX.
d) Encode the sequence of the symbols x=[8, 6, 2, 3, 1, 4] and display it in the
command window as variable C_XX.

5. Use MATLAB code to encode 7 symbols with following probabilities using Huffman
encoding algorithm and answer the following questions
P= [0.27, 0.13, 0.16, 0.02, 0.14, 0.06, 0.22 ]
a) Find source entropy and display it in the command window as variable H_XX.
b) Find average length of the code and display it in the command window as variable
L_XX.
c) Find the Efficiency of the code and display it in the command window as variable
E_XX.
d) Encode the sequence of the symbols x=[6, 2, 5, 4, 1, 3] and display it in the
command window as variable C_XX.

6. Use MATLAB code to encode 8 symbols with following probabilities using Huffman
encoding algorithm and answer the following questions
P= [0.23, 0.21, 0.16, 0.02, 0.06, 0.04, 0.05, 0.23 ]
a) Find source entropy and display it in the command window as variable H_XX.
b) Find average length of the code and display it in the command window as variable
L_XX.
c) Find the Efficiency of the code and display it in the command window as variable
E_XX.
d) Encode the sequence of the symbols x=[7, 6, 2, 5, 1, 4] and display it in the
command window as variable C_XX.
7. Write a MATLAB program for generating (7, 4) linear block code using the generator
1 0 0 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 1 1
matrix [𝐺] = [ ] and answer the following questions.
0 0 1 0 1 1 0
0 0 0 1 0 1 1
a) Find the code vector for the message d=[1 1 0 1] and display it in the command
window as variable C_XX.
b) Introduce an error in the 5th bit from left in the code vector obtained in part a and
display the same in the command window as variable R_XX.
c) Find the syndrome for R obtained in part b display the same in the command
window as variable S_XX.
d) Decode the syndrome for R obtained in part b and display the same in the command
window as variable D_XX.

8. Write a MATLAB program for generating (7, 4) linear block code using the generator
1 0 0 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 1 1
matrix [𝐺] = [ ] and answer the following questions.
0 0 1 0 0 11
0 0 0 1 1 1 0
a) Find the code vector for the message d=[1 1 0 1] and display it in the command
window as variable C_XX.
b) Introduce an error in the 3rd bit from left in the code vector obtained in part a and
display the same in the command window as variable R_XX.
c) Find the syndrome for R obtained in part b display the same in the command
window as variable S_XX.
d) Decode the syndrome for R obtained in part b and display the same in the command
window as variable D_XX.

9. Write a MATLAB program for generating (8, 4) linear block code using the generator
1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
matrix [𝐺] = [ ] and answer the following questions.
0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
a) Find the code vector for the message d=[1 0 1 1] and display it in the command
window as variable C_XX.
b) Introduce an error in the 6th bit from left in the code vector obtained in part a and
display the same in the command window as variable R_XX.
c) Find the syndrome for R obtained in part b display the same in the command
window as variable S_XX.
d) Decode the syndrome for R obtained in part b and display the same in the command
window as variable D_XX.
10. Write a MATLAB program for generating (8, 4) linear block code using the generator
1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
matrix [𝐺] = [ ] and answer the following questions.
0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
a) Find the code vector for the message d=[1 1 0 1] and display it in the command
window as variable C_XX.
b) Introduce an error in the 6th bit from left in the code vector obtained in part a and
display the same in the command window as variable R_XX.
c) Find the syndrome for R obtained in part b display the same in the command
window as variable S_XX.
d) Decode the syndrome for R obtained in part b and display the same in the command
window as variable D_XX.

11. Write a MATLAB program for generating (8, 4) linear block code using the generator
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1
matrix [𝐺] = [ ] and answer the following questions.
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1
a) Find the code vector for the message d=[1 0 1 0] and display it in the command
window as variable C_XX.
b) Introduce an error in the 8th bit from left in the code vector obtained in part a and
display the same in the command window as variable R_XX.
c) Find the syndrome for R obtained in part b display the same in the command
window as variable S_XX.
d) Decode the syndrome for R obtained in part b and display the same in the command
window as variable D_XX.

12. Write a MATLAB program for generating (6, 3) linear block code using the generator
matrix
1 0 0 1 1 0
[𝐺] = [0 1 0 1 1 1] and answer the following questions.
0 0 1 0 1 1
a) Find the code vector for the message d=[1 1 1 ] and display it in the command
window as variable C_XX.
b) Introduce an error in the 5th bit from left in the code vector obtained in part a and
display the same in the command window as variable R_XX.
c) Find the syndrome for R obtained in part b display the same in the command
window as variable S_XX.
d) Decode the syndrome for R obtained in part b and display the same in the command
window as variable D_XX.
13. Write a MATLAB program for generating (6, 3) linear block code using the generator
matrix
1 0 0 1 1 1
[𝐺] = [0 1 0 0 1 1] and answer the following questions.
0 0 1 1 0 1
a) Find the code vector for the message d=[1 0 0 ] and display it in the command
window as variable C_XX.
b) Introduce an error in the 2nd bit from left in the code vector obtained in part a and
display the same in the command window as variable R_XX.
c) Find the syndrome for R obtained in part b display the same in the command
window as variable S_XX.
d) Decode the syndrome for R obtained in part b and display the same in the command
window as variable D_XX.

14. Write a MATLAB program for the following

a) For a (15,11) cyclic code, determine which of the following polynomials is a valid
generator polynomial and display the corresponding sequence in the command
window as variable G_XX.
(i) G1(x) =1+x+x3+x4 (ii) G1(x) =1+x+x2+x3+x4
b) Find the code vector C for the message d = [ 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1] using generator
polynomial obtained in part (a)and display the same in command window as variable
C_XX.
c) Introduce an error in the 10th bit from left in the code vector obtained in part b and
display the same in the command window as variable R_XX.
d) Correct the error and decode the message vector and display the same in the
command Window as variable D_XX.

15. Write a MATLAB program for the following

a) For a (15,11) cyclic code, determine which of the following polynomials is a valid
generator polynomial and display the corresponding sequence in the command
window as variable G_XX.
(i) G1(x) =1+x+x4 (ii) G2(x) =1+x+x3+x4
b) Find the code vector C for the message d = [ 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0] using generator
polynomial obtained in part (a)and display the same in command window as variable
C_XX.
c) Introduce an error in the 8th bit from left in the code vector obtained in part b and
display the same in the command window as variable R_XX.
d) Correct the error and decode the message vector and display the same in the
command Window as variable D_XX.

16. Write a MATLAB program for the following

a) For a (15, 5) cyclic code, determine which of the following polynomials is a valid
generator polynomial and display the corresponding sequence in the command
window as variable G_XX.
(i) G1(x) =1+x+x2+x4+x5+x8+x10 (ii) G2(x) =1+x+x3+x4+x6 +x8+x10
b) Find the code vector C for the message d = [ 1 0 1 1 1 ] using generator
polynomial obtained in part (a)and display the same in command window as variable
C_XX.
 c) Introduce an error in the 12th bit from left in the code vector obtained in part b and
display the same in the command window as variable R_XX.
d) Correct the error and decode the message vector and display the same in the
command Window as variable D_XX.

17. Write a MATLAB program for the following

a) For a (15, 5) cyclic code, determine which of the following polynomials is a valid
generator polynomial and display the corresponding sequence in the command
window as variable G_XX.
(i) G1(x) =1+x2+x4+x5+x6+x8+x10 (ii) G2(x) =1+x+x2+x4+x5+x8+x10
b) Find the code vector C for the message d = [ 1 0 1 0 1 ] using generator
polynomial obtained in part (a)and display the same in command window as variable
C_XX.
c) Introduce an error in the 14th bit from left in the code vector obtained in part b and
display the same in the command window as variable R_XX.
d) Correct the error and decode the message vector and display the same in the
command Window as variable D_XX.

18. For the convolutional encoder shown below answer a and write mat lab code to answer b, c
and d

a) Identify the generating sequences and display the same in the command window as
variable gij_XX. Where i is input bit number, and j is out put sequence number.
b) Find the code vector C for the message d = [ 0 1 0 1 1 ] using generator
polynomial obtained in part (a)and display the same in command window as variable
C_XX.
c) Introduce an error in the 11th bit from left in the code vector obtained in part b and
display the same in the command window as variable R_XX.
d) Correct the error and decode the message vector and display the same in the
command Window as variable D_XX.
19. For the convolutional encoder shown below answer a and write mat lab code to answer b,
c and d
a) Identify the generating sequences and display the same in the command window as
variable gij_XX. Where i is input bit number, and j is output sequence number.
b) Find the code vector C for the message d = [ 1 1 0 1 0 ] using generator
polynomial obtained in part (a)and display the same in command window as variable
C_XX.
c) Introduce an error in the 10th bit from left in the code vector obtained in part b and
display the same in the command window as variable R_XX.
d) Correct the error and decode the message vector and display the same in the
command Window as variable D_XX.

20. For the convolutional encoder shown below answer a and write mat lab code to answer
b, c and d
a) Identify the generating sequences and display the same in the command window as
variable gij_XX. Where i is input bit number, and j is output sequence number.
b) Find the code vector C for the message d = [ 0 1 0 1 0 ] using generator
polynomial obtained in part (a)and display the same in command window as variable
C_XX.
c) Introduce an error in the 10th bit from left in the code vector obtained in part b and
display the same in the command window as variable R_XX.
d) Correct the error and decode the message vector and display the same in the
command Window as variable D_XX.
21. For the convolutional encoder shown below answer a and write mat lab code to answer b, c
and d

c) Identify the generating sequences and display the same in the command window as
variable gij_XX. Where i is input bit number, and j is out put sequence number.
d) Find the code vector C for the message d = [ 1 0 0 1 1 ] using generator
polynomial obtained in part (a)and display the same in command window as variable
C_XX.
c) Introduce an error in the 8th bit from left in the code vector obtained in part b and
display the same in the command window as variable R_XX.
d) Correct the error and decode the message vector and display the same in the
command Window as variable D_XX.