Scribd
Upload
2 views21 pages

Control Systems

Discuss a topic related to control systems.

Uploaded by

balaaruniwant250002
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views21 pages

Control Systems

Discuss a topic related to control systems.

Uploaded by

balaaruniwant250002
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

BECE302L- Control Systems

Dr. Venugopal P ( M.Tech( IIT M) , Ph.D)


Associate Professor. Sr
School of Electronics Engineering
VIT, Vellore
Control System Applications

The applications of control systems are vast and varied, ranging from simple systems that
control the temperature of a room to complex systems that guide the flight of an aircraft.

1.Industrial Automation:
 Control systems are used extensively in industrial automation to regulate the
operation of machinery, ensuring that the manufacturing process runs smoothly
and efficiently.

 Automated control systems are used in a wide range of applications, including


assembly lines, chemical processing plants, and oil refineries.

 In these environments, control systems are used to monitor and adjust


parameters such as temperature, pressure, and flow rate to ensure that the
process operates within predefined limits and produces consistent results.
2. Robotics:

 Control systems are essential in the field of robotics, where they are used to regulate the
movement and behavior of robots.

 Robotic control systems are used in applications ranging from manufacturing to space
exploration.

 In these systems, control algorithms are used to monitor the robot's position, velocity, and
orientation and to adjust the robot's movements to achieve the desired outcome.

3. Aerospace:
 Control systems are critical in the aerospace industry, where they are used to manage the
operation of aircraft, spacecraft, and satellites.

 These systems control the position and orientation of the vehicle, adjust the engine's
thrust, and manage the vehicle's stability and control. Control systems are used in all
aspects of aerospace technology, from the launch and operation of rockets to the guidance
and control of unmanned aerial vehicles.
3. Energy Management:
 Control systems are used in the energy industry to optimize the performance of power plants
and distribution systems.

 These systems manage the flow of electricity, monitor the voltage and frequency of the grid,
and adjust the output of generators to meet demand.

 Control systems are also used in renewable energy systems, such as wind turbines and solar
panels, to optimize the power output and manage the system's energy storage.

4. Environmental Control:
 Control systems are used in buildings to regulate the environment, ensuring that the
temperature, humidity, and ventilation are within acceptable limits.

 These systems are used in commercial and residential buildings to provide comfort for
occupants and to conserve energy by optimizing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
(HVAC) systems.
Types of Feedback control systems

There are two types of feedback control:

 Positive Feedback Control System


 Negative Feedback Control systems
Positive Feedback Control Systems
 Positive feedback or regenerative feedback is the
one that takes the output signal which is in phase
with the applied input and fed it back to the
reference input.

 This facilitates adding the feedback signal with


the reference input and the added signal further
acts as the controlling signal for the system in
which the feedback loop is incorporated.

 The gain of the system when employed is a


control system is high. The positive feedback
systems are majorly employed in oscillator
circuits.
The Transfer Function of Positive FeedBack can be Written as:
Positive Feedback Control Systems- Contd..

 The positive feedback can be used to amplify system responses.

 The major drawback of this positive feedback is its instability.

 These can be used less in traditional control systems as compared to


negative feedback.

 Positive feedback can actually add the feedback to its input, whereas
negative feedback subtracts.

 For example, we can find positive feedback in a microphone and speaker


system. The microphone picks up sound, amplifies it through the
speakers, and captures it again. Here, it creates a loop, increasing
amplification.
Negative Feedback Control Systems

 Negative feedback also referred as


degenerative feedback is a widely used
type of feedback in the control system.

 Here the signal at the output which is out


of phase with respect to the input is fed
back to the input. Thus, the two signals at
the input of the system get subtracted and
the difference of these two signals further
drives the system.

 This signal is referred as an error


signal and used to correct the variation in
achieved output from the desired one in
the control system.
Negative Feedback Control Systems – Contd..
 Negative feedback can be used more in control systems as compared to positive
feedback. By using this, we can minimise errors, and it ensures consistent performance
under varying conditions.

 These can be well used in applications like amplifiers, medical applications, and speed
control applications.

 The perfect example of negative feedback is the regulation of blood glucose levels in
human body. When glucose levels deviate from the set point, the pancreas releases insulin
to lower them. As glucose levels approach the set point, insulin release decreases,
maintaining a stable blood glucose level. The above figure shows the circuit diagram for
negative feedback.
Effects of Feedback in Control System

Feedback is an important concept in electronics and electrical engineering. It is used to reduce the
error between the reference input and the system output.

The reduction of system error is merely one of the many important effects that feedback may have
on a system.

Feedback also affects the performance of features such as security, bandwidth, gain, impact, and
sensitivity.

Feedback plays an important role in improving the performance of the control systems.
1. Effect of Feedback on Overall Gain

You might also like