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Slides 7 Normalisation PDF

This document discusses database normalization, highlighting the problems associated with databases such as insertion, deletion, and update anomalies. It presents examples of how to structure data in various normal forms, including first, second, and third normal forms. Additionally, it references literature for further reading on the topic of normalization in database systems.

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1 views14 pages

Slides 7 Normalisation PDF

This document discusses database normalization, highlighting the problems associated with databases such as insertion, deletion, and update anomalies. It presents examples of how to structure data in various normal forms, including first, second, and third normal forms. Additionally, it references literature for further reading on the topic of normalization in database systems.

Uploaded by

bashar.fares.sy2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATABA SE ENGINEERING

CHAPTER 7
Normalisation

Wolfgang Dorner
Database Engineering
Lecture Notes
Version: Oct 16th 2021

Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Dorner

Institute for Applied Informatics


Technische Hochschule Deggendorf

Technologie Campus Freyung


Grafenauer Str. 22
94078 Freyung
Problems with databases

Contacts

ContactID Name PhoneNr CallDate

1 Franz, Maier 555-515 2018-05-01

2 Franz, Maier 555-274 2018-05-01

3 Hans 555-763 2018-05-02

4 Josef 555-869 2018-05-03


Anomalies

Insertion Anomaly: Inserting a required piece of data also requires to


enter add not available data
(e.g. entry for a phone call requires a contact name)

Deletion Anomaly: Deleting one piece of data also results in an


unintended loss of other data (e.g. deleting the call on 2018-05-03
with Josef will delete Josef‘s contact)

Update Anomaly: Due to redundant data, the update of one data set
does not result in necessary changes on the other data sets (e.g. Franz
Maier gets married and changes his family name, needs to be changed
in two data sets)
ER Models and Normalisation

For a new database the following basic structure is given, used by a company to
manage projects. The basis is a spreadsheet, which contains all necessary data for
project documentation.

TA SK

●
Present the ER model of this spreadsheet-table
Example Table

Emp EmpName DeptID DptName ProjID ProfName Role hrs costs/hrs


ID

4 Richert, Franz 7 Sales 1,2,3 Market- Leader, 10, 10, 10 50, 50, 40
study, Leader,
Tradefair, Specialist
Analysis

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...


First normal form
Example Table – First normal form

Emp EmpName Dept DptName Proj ProfName Role hrs costs/hrs


ID ID ID

4
Second Normal Form
Example Table – Second normal form
Third Normal Form
Example Table – Third normal form

ProjI EmpI Role hrs costs/hr


D D
Reading

●
Read Part B Chapter 4 in Foster & Godbole
(2016) Database Systems: A Pragmatic Approach
●
Learn more about normalisation

Link:
Foster & Godbole (2016) Database Systems: A Pragmati
c Approach Part B, Chapter 3
WOLFGANG DORNER
Prof. Dr.

INSTITUTE FOR
APPLIED INFORMATICS
Technologie Campus Freyung

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