TRIBHUVAN TINIVERSITY

Iiiff. -:-il Resular

TNSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING ILevel i BE Full Marks 80
Examination Control Division iP;,s;;;" I Pass Marks tt
2081 tshadra
l-- '--
iYeari "cu
i------.
Part jIU/I Time 3 hrs.
l:
l:
l "_ ---*__".. "--- - ___l --_ _-"""._

Subject: - Foundation Engineering (CE 6A2)

Candidates are required to give their ansrvers in their own rvcrds as far as practi*able
At t erupt All q we s ti rs ns.
Ihe figures in the margin indicaie Fu!! Markg
Assume suitable data ij' necessary.

1.Define foundation. Enlist the maior critena to be satisfied in ihe design of Foun6ation.
t2l
2. was- pertirrmed at a depth of 20 m in a rlense sand deposit with a unit s,eighr
") 1_lll
l7kNlm'.If the number af biorvs l,rere firund to be 1g,21 and 22 for each 150mni
of
penetration, what is the N-Value con'ec1ed for Overbr.rrden and Dilatancv'l
t4l
b) t-ist out the contents ofa site investigation report.
t4l
c) Describe different requirements of a sainpier used ior undisturbed samplirrg. l4t
3- a) The retaining rvall shor.vn in figure is io be oesigned ro relain a granular backfill"
Determine the width of base in front uf u,ail, i.e. dimension 'a' in order to
trrovirie
fuctor of safety 2 ergainst overturning erlone for the case that the drainagc syitem of
backfill gi:ts ciagged anii backfiil gets suhrnerged fbr the clepth of'1m from the surface
and soil is tully saturateri ahovc it.'fhe propeit;'of retainins ivall anij backfiit is.
G -- 2-65, void ratio. e : 0.5'14. angic ciinterrriri frir:tion O = lo" anti unrt..r-eilht ot
concrete:2 kNim'.
l8l

IEsrcgl
;IFRARYI
I

lE

b) Expiain with neat sketoh ihe step by step nrocedure for Cuilman's graphicai
n-rethod
ofactive earth pressure without surcharge load lbr cohesioniess soil.
t4l
c) Derive a relation fonn the maximum height of rinsupported excavaiion i1 clavev sci1, I4l
4" Iirara'the complete diagram lbr Terzaghi's rrap dc.r erperiment and e;<niain x,hi.
arciiilg
in soil is irnporlant to be studied in Geotechnical Engineenng.
I1l
5. What is coffer dam? Describe r,vith neat sketch of the ditTerenr tvpes ol cofl.er
clam. What
are the relative merits and demerits of them?
l4l
6. a) tlow does size, shape and r.later tabre affect Bearing capacitl, of foundation?
t4j
b) A RCC Coiumn footing rectangular in shape (1.,ts--1.51i) rests 1.5 m belorv the
ground surface. The total load to be transmitted including tie weight
of column and
footing is 6000kN. If the sarurated density of sand be 2.0 g/cc for p i4..If{
= = 41.4,
Nv= 42.4, find the suitable size of For,urdation considering the rise of waterrable to
the ground surf'ace. Use FoS : 3.
 c) i.{ow do you calculate Bearing capacity fiom load settlement cune obtained from
Plate Load Test for sandy soil?
t21
7" Explain conyentional method of design of lv{at Foundation.
t6l
8' a) A group of i6 piles with 4 piies in a row'"vas clriven intg soft clay. The diameter and
length of piles were 0.40 m and 12 m, respectively', The undrained
cohesion is 35 kpa.
Ihe piles rvere piaced 80 cm centre to centre. Calculate the allowable loaci
capacity of tbundation. 'fake Adhesion factor: c.g antl Fos :2.5 "u.rying
r8j
b) Ilefine negative skirr friction in pile its effects and remediai ineasures.
l+l
9' a) A circular vrell of 4.5m external dianreter and 0.75m steining tliickness is embedded
upon a depth of 12m in a unifbrm sand deposit. -I'he angle of shearing
resistance of
sand anii submerged unit weight are JClo and 1 r/mr-" respectivelv. Tlr.
weli is
subjected to resultant horizontal ibrce of 50 tons and a toial moment.
of'400 t-m at the
scour levei" Assume the weli to be light, compute allorvabie equivalent
resistin! furce
dne to earth force, A factor of safery of 2 malbe adopted for soil
resistance. I5l
b) List out the precauticr.rar!' measures that shouid be taken to prevent tilt and
shift of
weil foundation.
tjl
i0. a) \&hat are sand contlraction piles and stcne coluturs? 111
L-l
b) Briefll explain Soil stabilization lry use of i\dmixlure.
t2l
***
 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Exam. Back
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE F'tlI Marks 80

Pass Marks
Examination Control Ilivision Programme BCE 32

208l Baishakh Year / Part m/I 'Iime i hrs.

,5ubject: - lioundation Engineering (CE 5{-}2)

Assume suitable data if necessaty"

HffiRSErYl
t. tlxplain the major criteria to be satisfied in ttre design of foundation. l2l
2. a) Dlscuss the features of good site investigation reporl. t4l
b) A sampler has the following dimension: inside diameter of Ctrtting edge = 59 mm;
:
Ourside diameter of Cutting eCge =. 63mm; iriside diameter af sampling rube 50 mrn
:
and outside diamt-.ter r:f sampling tube 62 mm. Calculate (i) Area ratio (ii) lnsirle
(iii) Outsidc clearance. r?t
clearance t-J j

1fiftat are the correctiolls

c). List the iicid tests commonly' used in subsuriace e.';ploration.
that must be applied to the SPI' --r aiues ibr sand beibre the-v are used in design chads
and ernpirical correlations? [-5]

3. a) Expiain ea:*r pressure coeificient and its t.vpes. tzl

b) Draw an ei."rth pressure diagram fcr a pr:rei1' cohesivs soil iy,, f :
0, c) suppolteii b'1'
dgid retaining r,vail of ireight, I{ at active condition. Find magnitr:de and line of ee tion
of this activs earth pressure force per unit lcrgth of the rvall fiom the base of tlie
retaining uall. [6]
c) Check the overall stability of the caniilever retaining waii shown in figgre beiou,.
Take the ailorvable soil pressure as 500
-kN/m'. t8]

0.30m

Y1 =18kNlm3

i+=no"
| 6 =zs'
4 ,0Oal

2 " B0r{1

4. List cut essential requirements of soil arclung. Ilra',v apparent pressure diagrams fcr deep
cuts in sand and ciay. 124-2,)

5. a) Detennine the depth of embeciment of the free earth supllof i anchored sheet pile
shown in figure below. tll
 " -^'1"'"-"
i
8.0 m 3.0m rels kMm)
iM

b) Also, find the tensile force (T) per rneter acting on the
anchor. Assume necessary
coaditions.
6' a) DitTerentiate ui
between general shear failure local shear failure and punching
shear
failure with neat sketch.
i4l
b) A strip footing 2m wide carries a safe load intensity of 400 kN/m2
at a depth of 1.2 m
in cohesion less soii. saturated unit weight ana buitc
unii weight are ig.5 tNlrn3'uni
1q'.8kN/# respectiveiy. Determine the -Jalue of Foi *irh ,"rpuo, ro shear faiiure for
following conditions of water table. Use Nc = 5g, $q :
+i *a Nr = 42. i8l
(i) wr at 4m below GL wr atz.Smbelow GL. (iii) wr at 0"5m below GL,
(ii)

il ot" 3m berow rhe surface of', ji:,:;',"J],",j-;PTt:

7.
*,?::"f#*T,1L*2"*T ;J#;#Til;.HJ:[ffi the deposit of ctay with
*1,^::f t*3g+,;ilff
*:*;y"i1:-iJ"H:Ti:.,:^:Tff-,:**r.-;i#;;ffi
buiiding pius the foundation the
ii,"'i#',Ji.iili1fr -;ili?
raft-can safety support.
l6l
a) Define pile fcundation. I{ow do you ciassify pile
foundation based on (i) materials
methods of iristallation and (iii) load transftr? {ii)
ll +31
b) Determine the allowable pile ioad capacity of 4x4 group of 40cm diameter driven
concrete piie shown in figure. Use F,OS : 2.5, spacin g:2.58
u..a PII :t Z
B

Loose sind Y1 * 15kl'1,/n t3,

Hedirl'n dense sand

Ysar = 1 gkN/r3
$.=3so

Ys"t -
*- 4oo

9. Explain witii clear si..eteires tlie vario,-.rs coinpcrneni.s

o{. w,ell foundatians. I)iscuss tlie
remedies for tilt and shift of well fcundation. llhat arc the different
forees acting cn weil
foun'3atir:n',1
L4 tz r21
10. a) trl&at is prelaading?
r1I
b) Briefly explain differe,t methods of soii stabilization.
i3l
tl.**
 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY i Exam.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING i Levcl BE Full Marks 80
:

Examination Control Division l)rogr:rmme BCil Pass Marks 3?

2080 Bhadra I Ycar / Par( iII/i ti,,," - i"i-hI.:-

Sultject: -Foundation Engineering (Cl) 602t

Candidates are required to give theit answets in thcii or,ur r'vords as

Attenryt 4ll que-rtions
The Jigures in the margin indic'ate FqU ltgy!;
A -r s um e's uit ab I e dat a i,{ n e c e s s ary.
KIBRARY
1. a) Explain F'oundation, t1l
b) Ivlention trvo imporlant things rvhich are considered during foundation design. t1l
2" a) \\rhat are diffcrent sampler design parameters? E;tplain ph1'sical significance of each
parameter 1o obtain an undistulbed sample. [24 4]
raI
b) What tlpes of boring is best suitcd for sub grade investigation of roads and why? Ii l
c) Calqulate the corrected N-r,alue, if a standard penetralion tcst was conducted 6m
below the grounci level in u deposit of 1ui11' submerged fine sand. Numbers of blows
rere fbund to be 18,21 and 17 {br each 150mm penetration"'lhe average saturated
unit weight of the soil is l9kNArir. 14l

3. a) Exptrain w,ith neat sketch the step by stcp procedr"rre for Culmann's graphical method
olpassive earth pressrue. t6j
i
b) A trapczoidal masonry retaining u,all 1 nr r.^,'ide at top anci m s'ide at its bofio1r is
:
4m higir. T'hc verlical face is retaining soil (d 10") at a sLucirarie lngie oi l0' *'iin
the horizonlal . Dercrmine the t:raxir.]-i'.tn rnl
minrrnr-im ini.'rsiii:s i-i rt;es-.ure a! the
basc of ihe r.etaining r.r'ail using coulLlmb's Err-t1'r r-':es:r:.ril T.rt,-,:-' L':li'..'ciriris r--.f scil
and mlsor.v are 20kNimr and 241'lN tl'
respecti','el',', I ril:e .r I : j' -rasc
*all-
"ir;irc
deterinine the factor oi salety against siiding and r.r erLurttirrs. lt0I
4. Detcrmine the forces in the struts for thc bracing s)'stcm sho.,rri in figure belo*. Assume
hinges at the levels B and C. 'I-ake the spacing of thc struls in each strut ievel as 2.0m. t4I

l.5rrt
Tt=l$ kN/ml
2.5rn
c=30 kN/m'
1<*
L.-;ttl
10,Otn

2.5itr
1.Ont 1

5. A.ssume suitable condition 1o prove tliat Use of ai-rchor can reduce the cleptir of
r rl
embedmcnt of cantiiever sheet pile rvall. i+l
6. a) llxplain the development oi diflercnt classical bearing capacit.v theories. t6l
b) A strip and punciring shear fliilure footing of 1.5 nr lvidth with its base at a depth of
1.2 m is resting on dry sand.'lhe rvaterlable is 1 m belorv the base of footing. Irind
the change irin the ultimate bearing capacity of footing lf the rvater table rises up to
the depth 0.5m belor.v the ground ievel. Take Nc:95"7, Nq:81.3, Ny = 100"4,
G:2.i0 and dry unit weiglrt of san<i as i6 KN/mr. t6t
- E'.plain the concepl of floating ibundation. Why we should design a nlat foundatiotri)
\\ irar" rs. the basic dilfdrerrce betrveen beuing capacity calculation oi' a mat loundation in
cr-.hesive soil and in cohesion les-q soil':' 12 i2+21

8. a) C'lassily the piie fcundations accurding to their n-rateriai, load transfer and nrethocl of
forming and rnethod of instailation" i4l
b) A group of 16 piles ananged in ;L square pi'ittem is to bc prorrortioned in a deposit of
sofl saturated cla-v. Assr-rming the piles to be sqr:are witir side j0 cm arnd i2 cnr long,
determine the centre 10 cenlre spacing of pilcs for 100% e{ficienc1. of the pile group"
Tai<e adhesion factor - :
0"8 for Cu kPa ancl consider both point bearing and skin
friction. t8l
9. List truL the remedial measures to rectify tilt and shiil u,hile sinking of well foundation.
Derive an exprcssion for lateral stability analysis o1'light weight u,ell using Terazaghi's
simplified approach. [5+31
1C. \\rrite doun the differer"rt methods of soii ilnprovement techniques. Explain anv trvo of
them. t4l
**ri
 TRIB}IUVAN UNIVERSIIY Exa1n,
BT, Full Malks 80
INSTITUTE OF' ENGINEtsRING !9ne!
Pass Marks 32 I

Examination Control Division lrogrlmme

BC]I1
ti*"
2080 Baishakh Year / Part iii ii : tt.r.

Suhject: - Foundation Engineering (CE 6a2)

Candidates are required to give their ansu'ers in their own

Auempt Atl questiotts.
The figuiis in the margin indicate Full Marks.
Assume suitable data if necessarlt.

1.
explotation? What
2. a) What typcs oi'information are obtained in preliminaq' subs-urface
drilling?Describe brieiiy about the borehole
are the merils ancl clemerits of percussion
log lbrmat with a suitable example. L2+2+4)
\\r-hat are the factors
b) Differentiate betu,een disturbed and undisturbed sample'
affccting the disturbance of sample? [2+2]

J. a) Wh-v are retainiug walls designed for active earth pressure? 121

b) A concrcte gravily retaining $,a11 of height 6 m rctains,_tr'vo layers of horizontal

rvcight 20 kN/ml
backfill soil. Thc .,pp., loy"r", is 3 rn cleepionesionless soll of unii
layer is C-(r soil of unit weight 22
and angle of inte,rai li'iction 32' and the bottom
27"' There is w'ater table at
LXlrrt,".CIr"sion 30 kN/m2 and anglc of internal friction
the depth of 2 m from the groundiurface. The back of the retaining wall is smooth
stability of
and vertical u,ith the top wiatn 1.2m and bottom rvidth 5 m. check
the
retaining u,all. Take uniiu,eight of c.,crete as 25 kN/n13. l12l
c) Ilorv is Columb's theory step ahead of Rankine's theory for calculating earth
pressure? Justify ,unu, nn.i"., in reference to the liniitations of Ran-liine's
theory' t2]

4. what ls soil arching? Explain rvith clear sketches

about the components of braced
excavation. [i+31
(i)cantilever sheet
5. What is a shect pile? Draw the clear deflecteC shapes for the following:
bulkhead driven to
pile, (ii) anchoreil bulkhead driven to shailow depth and (iii)anchored
i1 +ll
deeper depth.

6. a) what are the factors affecting the bearing capacity of foundation? Explain how
of foundation when rvater table
fluctuation ol water table affecti the bearning capacity
lies ahove ancl below the base of the footing. [2+2'l

b) A4 m x 4 m square fbotinginplanis forurded in a soil:having angle of internal

friction 4:32,, cohesion c = -15 kNlm2 and unit rveight 18 kN/m3. The load ol
fronl
2000kN from thc superstructure acts at an eccentricity of 0.3 m at one direction
the geometrical ceire of the footing" What should be thc minimum depth : of the
footing to avoid shcar failuro in soil at the factor of sal'et1- of 2'5?Take N' 55'
Nq:40, Nr:45. t8l
sketches and suitability"
7. Mention the common types of mat foundations with their clcar
What are the basic assumptions in conventional methocl of analysis of mat foundation? [4+2J
L a) \\trat are the reasons behind the dynamic metho<i of determination of ultimale load
carrying capacity ofpile being inaccurate? il]
b) Dcsign a pile gror"rp driven in a 16 rn deep consolidated clay having unit coltesion
of
io rillrr'' ,nirrrii u,eight of 22kNim1 to carry the superstructure load of 2000kN.
Takc aclhesion factor as b.(-. and factor a{'safety of j' i6]

c) Describc blielly the 1aterally loaded piles r.vith suitable examples. l3 i

g. trVhat are the situations rvhcre a well lbundation is more suitable than the other types
") of foundations? l2l
b) \I/irat do 1,ou understand by grip length? \\&at is its imporlance in r,r'ell foundation? I2l

c) Drar.v a clear sketch shorving the ilifferent componetlts of a well foundation and also
r,wite the fiurctions of each component. t4l

10. \!hat is dynamic compaction'/ Describc the soil stabilization by injection of suitable
grouts rvith its aclr,antage s for the follo$,ing soil improvement. [i f 31
 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY i.ifiil:--***
INs,l.ITUTEoFENGINEERINGii;;;i--
rNsTrruTE oF ENGTNEERTNG i-i,;;"f-..^'"-
Examindtion control Division
.\ vr ur ip;;;*u ec'
v rt'rrrtt i r r uE,ralltmg I,Utr ,";;r#;*:*ry-
MgfkO Sz
u''r'ra i-#lllf-llt ,lllil
FngS

.:iT. 3hrs,

, il;;;;;;,;; ;,;;;:,:;;;ll;1ii#X***::Jfi,;
r'_ Arrcmpt
f!! que,rtions.
'l* !arv'
TheJigui'ei in.rhe margin inclicate Fuil tuIgrks.
u
'|'v ;;#-:
v: As'sume suilahit, t/utu il net,t.stary
Ssrucr
TIBRARY
l. What are the fuctors that influence the seleotion
of a foundation? Under what circumstances
strap footings and combined footings are
adopted?
2' a) Differentiate between accessible and inaccessible methocl of exploration. L{ow do
il-r-1
determine the depth of exploration? Iixplain vou
with the help of suitabie example.
b) Explain the various precautions to be taken l2+l
cluring the sampling, transportation
storage of the sample. ancl

c) what is the ph,vsical meaning of area ratio, insicle

crearance. outside clearance and
I3

3' a) Justify with suitable reasons fcrr not consi<iering thcv passive
vv t'eurl earth pressure
uqrLrt Pirrsr <iuring the
design of rigid retaining structures.
b) Describe step by step procedure ol'L'uimann's tzl
r.nethocl of determining active
tlte retainingwall carry'ing irrclinetl backfili thrust behind
tir. hifioisketch.
ra,ith rine load rvith
c) A 6 m high retaining r'r'all hal'ing r.erlical back t5]
has horizontzri cohesion-less backfill
having y : 17 kN''rnr. 0= 30'- and carrving uniibrm
surcharge cf 25 kNim2 has a water
table at a depth of 3'5 m ll'om the or-*. otti',i
r.iuining u,all. Dltermine rlr! rnagnitude and
rrlilrr the
direction of total active thrust. T'ake
1r,0, = 2 i kN,imr.
4' Define strut load, braced cut end explain the Terzaghi's tgj
trap door experiment.
5" [1+l+2J
why sheet pile wall considered as a flexibie retaining
coffer dams with relative merits and demerits. e vtrsvlervi
structure? L^prdrln
Explair: the function of
yrurl
6. a) Explain rhe various rirnitations of the prate road rest.
b) A concrete column i3l
has a square footing to carr,v- a column
k:ad
of 750 kN, foLinded in a
clay deposit belorv the grouncl surface.'t'he unit
weight and unit.ol.,*rion of clay are
17 kN/m3' 35 kN/m2 reslrectrrell'. Detern.rine the
climension of the footing taking factor
safety of 3 and assuming trre foundation to be backfiiled.
i6]
c) Describe the procedttre for the propor-tionating of fuotings fbr uniform
settlement.
7 the proceclure of anal)'sis of nrat foundation
by conventional method with neat
13]

,th:"*ll
8' a) compare anrong the large displacerrent i6l
piles. smail displacement piles anci non-
displacernent piles with the suitable examples.
b) Explain the factors affecting serection of pire lbuncration
l2l
r),pes.
c) 12 circular piles are arrangecl itt a rectangular pattern r,l,itrr spacing to l2l
diameter ratio eq*al
to 3'0 in a cohesivc soil laving unco,fine,l .;pr;;r;
"Purel) strength of
Q' = 80 kNrm'' The length of the piie is li nr and taking ,,:rr"rl",
determine the spacing and diametcr of the pile factor as 0.g5.
considcring t[e roogr".rnriency of pile
group.
9' Haw'do you determine the depth of the rvell? If,escribe I8l
the sinking process of the well in the
site having water table above the ground level.
li,a*a]
10. Explain the foltowing:
12+21
a) Freioading b) Bituminous stabilization of soil
 TRIqIIUVAN UNIYERSITY Exam.
Lelel BE f,'ull Marli-s 80
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING ,

i]CE Pass l\lariis ):

Ex*mination Control Division Programme
2078 Kartik Ycar / Pad III /I Time 3 hrs.

s ubi 991; Fg$galigl.E.ein 9-9r its I E-

!Y)
Candidates are required to give their ans\lcrs in their ilrvn
At n:ntpt All questioru.
Tirc figures in ilte margirt ittciicste {i&*taf*s'
Assunw suitable data tf nccessary.

are the things that you

1. Ide*ify the factors that influence the choice of foundation. what -^ .

*m o'frile prepar;ng the site investigation report? L2+4)

"**i4", of detail information
2. fn a sro investigation for the design of bridge foundation, w'hat kind
f;p"r;;;i[ n"scriuJurieny ttf fi*itutiottu of plate load test. [5+3]
"l**
a) general guidehnes are adopted b9!re checking the stability of different types of -
' wfut
retainiig wailit Explain the different desig4 considerations for retaining walls. [5+3]

retaining wall of 7.5 m high has tivo layers of backfrll. The soil supported
consists
b) A
of4.5 m sand (y =
18"kNl#, $ 35}.overlaying saturated clayey soil
: table is at thl
ty = ig.i'*Ii/#, $ = 30", C = 16 kN/m'z)' The srou3! water upPe,1

;"f"* of the clay.'Make a sketch of the disribution of the active pressure on thg wall
st lting the principal values. Calculate the toJa] garth thrust
per meter of the wall and
its point of application. Assume that the backfitl is horizontal at the surface: [8j

4. Explain the phenomenon of arching in soils. In ra,trat t'espects does tlte design of flexible
;ilf*"f*uil, u"ry from tirat of a rigid retaining wali? U+3

5. Enlist the uscs of shcet Write down the stcp by step procedurc of anall'sis of
piit.
anchored sheet pile by free earth support method in gran*lar soil. [1+3

6. a) Discuss on thc findings of' skempton on clayey soil regardirtg net sali: tearing
'Why is rnore Jiffercrtial r"ttl"r.rrt allorveci in clay than in sand? l2+2
capacity.
b) A footing 2 m x3 rn in plan'r,'lit*r is to be laid at a depth of l.5 m below ground
' surface to carry a column ioad having one wa-,v eccentricity of 0.26 rn alcng the
width'
p'ater table is 0.5 m below dre ground 1cvel.
Determine the safe bearing capacity if,the
: :
Use Terzaghi's theory. Take c 20 liN,rm2, 0 35" to inteqpolate the bealing
capacity
factors fromthe figuie prescnted" t8
Yalucs of I'{c O
al

!)
*ol
bI,
o
-e
,tl
o
,0
6
25
o
t)0 2A
L
6 15
o
10
0
bij 5

\aoo(} nf .n <" tI) oog (} o

o .cro(>
ooo
<>ci.. el (fltfrrt
Values of Nq and N'1
 T. a) Define fully compensated raft foundation. Also derive the relation to calculate ,tt
depth. ,r*r,
b) i)l,ernrinc ihe allowable bealing riessure of a raft foundation J nr x l2 m in plan,
r:-riirg at depth of 2 m on cchesiontress soil. The corrected N vaiue over a depth of
12

111 was 22. Ir is specified that the diLi'erential

settlement is nct to exceed 20 mm. Water
table is at ciepth of 4 mbelow the gpound level' t4l

8. a) What are the c6n{itions r.vheie a pile foundation is more suitable--than .a shallow
founctratjon? How negative skin friction is calculated for a single
pile and group of
r,'r!2I
pilcs iu clai'? LL'J!

b) A fricticn pile 350 mm diameter is propose<I to.be jlivl1in a layer

of uniform
-'1* rit"
cohesive soil with unconfined compressive strenglh of 80 kPa. considering
end cany oniy 307i of the total load, determirie the length of the
pile required for ihe
ultimate load of 1200 kN. Assume adhesion factor = 0.80. t7]

g. Strat is a uell foundation? Shr.rw all cornponents in a neat sketch' Discuss

the remedies
fortilt and shift of well foundation. [1+4+3]

10. Describe mechanical and chemical method of sail stabilization. 12+27

,Fr<+

I
I

I
 TiiJ B.TiUVAN UN I\'E1{SiI'Y Exam.
riiq EN GIN IIF'L| 'i G LeveI BE Full Marks 80
I]'l STITU T E E
BCE Pass Marks
Examina0ion Control $ivision Prograrnme
2078 Bhadra Year / Part mlr Time 3 hrs.

I-oY! 4egel"!,ry!!'g grycJgg

lvlty t t'-' !!2 - *
/
-- ieabie.
can.Jidates are required to give their answtrs in their *\Yn'"\i
d AttenJ-'t ALqueslians.
i Tht: fgures in ihe rnargirt indicc{e Futl filqlis'
/ As-ratte suit;able data if nec*s:;rny'

1.Wiiy arundations are used? Describe diflerent types of foundaiicn. LLl

2. a) D*scribe in detail the irnpo(ance of site investigation and siages of site investigrtion'
ltrow the depth of borehole is deciCed in various projecis. [4+3]
and undisturbed soil sar:rples. W"har are the factors afiecting
b) Differentiate disturbed i-)-r1l
quality of a samPle. L-' ^l
:mn and the exterral ciameier is 42 mm' Wiil
c; ine intemai diameter cf a sarnpier is 40
you ccnsirtrer rhe sample obtain;d from the sarnpler as disiurbed ur undisturbed? 12l

J. a) Draw thc piot shou,ing the relationsh.ip between late:al

earth pressure force per rinit
t-n-l
length af the lvall vs' moi/ement of retaining wall'
lal
theory and Coulonb's
U) OifTerent assumptions are made while oi:nsiderirlg Ranl'.ine's
rvali' Point cut
theory for fiflding lateral eafh pressurc fr',rce per unit length c'f the
L4j
four basic differences made riuring assurnption'
c) Check the stabiiity of tlie retaining wali sho'urn in figilre below-
Assurne necessal)'
of foin,Jation soii as 250 kNirnz' [10]
ccnditicns an6 take ultimate bearing capicity the

q = 25 kN/x'l'?

Concrete wail .,r1=2S kN/m3

y.=25 kN/ry3

II=6.0m
$'=3t"
Su=20"

k-_---ri
' z.soo

T. Describe the iollorving: [2x2]

a) criteria ofselecting the pressure diagram for soil having sand and clay layer inbraced
cut
b) Arching of soil and its basic requirea:ents
pile. tli
5. a) Write down the differences hetween free earth and fixed earth support anchored L-.!

b) Defrne cofferdam and explain the cellular coff,erdarn with the help
of neat sketch. [2]
 differs
":",:
state the different modes of shear
failure' In *'hat way the local shear fallure
6. a) i4l
failu'e?
from general shear , , ,. ground
^ level in clay having
b) z;1;;i, pt*i:: founded 2m belowthetheallowable
A footinc or load which can be
:
angle of reposn $ 35o.,-c-: 15{t
rvhat will b9
along
canied by the footing if the lo{^i*.g"*"nttioutly applied withof eccentricity
footing in plan is
X and V air*ctiJi u*'O:* and 0'3i t-te."ti""iy:
TLe center
soil
taken as ooigio, i[*-*ut"r table ir
l";;r-ii.8 m beiow the ground level' Assume
t!.|y'#
drvanJ =ut*ut"" unit weig-ht of "tuy *
above ur.ater tatrle is as dry. Tate
and 19.6 kN,tn3 respectively' Take
I 5?'8' Nq : 4L'4and NT = 42'4'Td<e FoS
N'
as 3'

various
foundation' Describe with sketches the
7. write down the concept of compensated t6j
tYPes of mat foundations'
mm
g. Explain the inclined pile, Delermle the allowable pile load capaciry of the 400
ir, *," toilowi"g rtg*t'
[2+10]
diameter driven concrete pile shown

Loose saod: Y=15 KNlm!.$*3O'

5gft qlsy y=16 KN/m3,

c =15 !{t#m2

File rnaterial 6 Values of K

Steel 20'' 0.s '1

Concrale-- 0.756 1 2
Timber 0.67ii' 1.5 4

14l
9.a)Explainwithclearsketchesthevariouscomp*nentsofwellfoundations. t4l
,".;h;;.,ilano srrift in the clnstruction of well foundations?
b) Horv do you
used in
types of meehanical and dynamic compaction
10. a) write dawn names of different i1l
regard lr''ith foundation soii improvements' is done'
b) In ordar t" il;;;. flrt-*ogin."6rrg properties of soils, soil stabllization
for foundation soil improvements' [3]
Brieflv urpf*" tlr* gteiaadin[ and stJne "olu*ttt
***
 TRIB}IUVAN I]NIVERSITY Exarn. ii:'. ', - ':i
IhIS TITT]TE OF ENGINEER{NG Level
-- Rcgula,r
BE Full Marke 80
Examination Comtrol Division Programme BCE Fass Marks
2076 Chaitra Year I Part fi\ t\ Time 3 hrs.
Sypject;; Foygdarion ESgjneeSing- (cE 602)
Candidates are required to give their answers in
their own words as far as
Attempt All questians.
Tlte -figures in the margin inclicate
FwU Marks.
Asstrme suitable data if necerrory.--1

1"classi$' the shallow and deep foundations according

to their soil condiii;;;.
t2l
2. a) \vhat is standard penetration test?
what are the corrections that must be applied to the
SPT-values for sand before they are used in design
charts and empirical
correlations? [1+4]
b) what is meant by inside
and outsicle clearance? what are the circumstances
which
load test clata misleading when ,u*d fl". extrapotati";;i
;:||X,Hilate prototype
f?+5r
J. a) Explain the various reasons for
neglecting the passive pressure during the stability
analysis of retaining wall. Describe the iulmano's
m.ihod tbr dete&ining active
thrust for the inclined backfiil car:rying the surcharg"
toua.
[3+s]
b) calculate the total passive tlrust and its point of application
coming on the back of
the following retaining wall.
t8l
"{
Qc
5m 18 300

5m nr
IJ

4' what is arching in soil? what are the essentiai requirements

'--'- --1*'
into play?
for aching effect to come
[1+31
5' In what respects does the design of bracings in cuts
vary fiom that of a.retaining walls?
Enlist the types of cofferdarn with neat sketshes.
11+)1
6' a) Describe the different modes of failure due to the settiement L* -t
with neat sketches.
b) Determine tsl
the size of the footing resting over sand to
carry a column load of 150 tons.
The bottom of the footing is 1.5 rn beloiv gr"u;a
flr" level and water table is located at
3 m below the footi,g, Take unit weight or"sanJ
i. 20 KNi;{"arJr*. N. = 55.2,
No:39"51 aod Nr:40.13.
7' A ra{t ftrundation is 20m x 10m exerts a gross pressure t71
level" The depth of foundation is 2-5;. r of 200K}-llmz atthe foundation
ine soit is clay c, : g3KN/m2 and
y:79 KI.l/m3. Determine the Factor of Safety, use
skemption,s equations"
8' a) Describe the Yarious method of- determining the settlement t6l
Desuibe about the piles subjected to uplift tol*s. of pile group in
sand"
{3+21
b) A friction pile 300 mm in diameter is proposed to
be driven in a layer of uniform soil
having unit skin friction between pile suiace
and soil as oa K]{l*, Determine the
cany ailornabre road of 250 KN assuming
::tr* ;i.*:fii: iff",itiljo* the ple tip
9' length and tiit and shift of well. Describe the various
t71
B:rffirt# cornponents of well
L2+61
10' write down the different methods soii improvement
preloading method for impro'ement ^of ' techniques. Explain about
of foundatiorrsoitr.
L2+2J
*)F*
 TRIBHWAN UNIVERSITY Exam. ;ir1;..;i;,..;.;r;,il ,Bick"'..; j.1'r;,",: :; i,r.. .

INSTTTUTE OF ENGINEERTNG Level BE Full Marks 80

Examination Control Division Programme BCE Pass Marls 32

2076 Ashrvin Year / Part III/I Tirne 3 hrs.

Subject: - F-oundaiion (cE 602)

-/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their or,r.n $,ords as far as practicable.
/ Attempt At{questioru. ':1"{$ r;

i N:{#::;,i:,:l';trf;;::!;:::;n'tt!rsrkt '*i
1. Explainthemajorcriteriatobesatisfiedinthedesignofafoundation,
I'
L2)
2. a) What makes pressure meter testing quite distinctive as compaied to other field tests? l2l
b) List the factors that wilt consider for deciding the depth of soil exploration. If you are
in-charge of subsoil exploration of important sEuctures, how do you decide the depth
and lateral extent of soilexploration? t2+51
c) A soilsarnpler has the following dimensions: inside diameter of the cutting edge=69
nrm; outside diameter of cutting edge=13 mnr; inside diameter of the sampling tube =
70mm and outside <iiameter of the sampling tube = 77 mm. Calculate: (i) inside
(ii) outside clearance and (iii) area ratio of the sampler.
elearance t3l
3. a) What do you understand by "General State of Plastic Equilibrium"? How the retaining
wallscan be proportioned? [3+5]
b) A 6 m high vertical wall supports a saturated cohesive backfill with horizontal
surface. The top 3 m of backfiliweighs 18 kN/m3 ald cohesion of 18 kN/m2. The bulk
unit weight ani cohesion of bbttom 3 m of the wall are 20 kl.l/# and 25 kl.fi#
respectively. \tr'hat is the likely depth of tension crack? If the tension crack develops
'r'hat will be the active earth pressure? Draw the pressure distribution diagram and
determine the point of application of the restaurarit pressurc. [8]
4. What is arching in soil? \\&at are the essential requirements for arching elTect to corne
into play? Describe Terzaglri's arching theory. 'u+1+21

5 What is cofferdam? An excavation of 5 m deep is to be canied out in sandy soil deposit

having unit weight : 22 kN/# and angle of shearing resistance = 33o. To support the
soil, cantilever sheet pile walls are driven into the ground prior to excavation. Determine
the depth of embedment needed for the sheet pile to retain the bacldill. The water table is
Iocated belowthe base ofthe sheet pile. [1+3]
a) Horv do you ascertain wtether a foundation soil is likely to fail in local shear or in
gefleral shear? Explain the lirnitations of different classical bearing capacity theories. [2+3]
b) A circular footing of 2.5 m diameter carries a gross toad of 2000 KN. The supporting
soil is clayey sand ($=30o, T:19KN/m3). Determine the depth at which the footing
shoulcl be located to provide the factor of safety 3. llse Terzaghi's theory. N-37.2,
N*=22"5, Nr:19.7 for 0=30o. l7j
.i
Explain about compensated foundatjon. Descrii;e v.'ith neat sketches the various types of
mar foundations [2+4j
8. a) What are the different circumstances under lvhich a pile foundatioo is used? Florv is
negative skin friction calculatecl for a single pile and a group of piles in elay? [1+3]
r!.
!f+-
rii'l'
 b) A 15 m long,closed end steel pipe pile group (3x4)
consists of 12 piles of a 300 rnm
diameter and evenly spaced qilo ri*,
"i
undrained clay' The top6 m consists
.*t.1tJ]..rt"r, is driven into layered
.ily ;;uio.uirr.o cohesion of 50 kpa and
adhesion factor of 0.7i, foflowed
b1 6"fm ;i ;dundrained cohesion of 65 kpa
and adhesion factor of 0.62, wticu *^ "i"y
cohesion of 90 kPa a,d adhesion faclor
*Jlrr"ir'uy stiff clay witb undrained
"f0;0=;;i*-t; tne auor*itte tta carrying
capacity ofpile goup. Take factor of safety:i.I. --*-
g' \trfhat is a well fourrdation? show all
components in a neat sketch.
for tilt and shift of well foundation. Discuss thd remedie* '*'

10' what is stone corumn? Exprain the [1+4+3]

soil stabirization by use of admixture. [r+3]
+*,t

. a! ,
,lt
.,ii;li
 TRIBI{UVAN TINIVL.RS ITY
. INSTITUTE OF ENCINEERING
Examination Control Division
2075 Chaitra fiiil

**__*_f tt!,j:S!::_FoundationE$_gff {ns{cJ:-6!2)

/ Candidrtes are requiretl ro givc their answers in their oN.n vrords
as far
{ Attenrpl Lll
questiotts.
as

{- Thefigures in the margin indicate Fuil Murks.

{ Assume suitable data if necesssry.

' what are the ','ariouis factors iirai influence the choice of a fbuncation?
i
2' a) Definerthe physical meaning of terms rvith rel'ersnce io the sarnpiing iube, with a neat
sketch'i) iirsi{c i;learance mtio ii) Outside ciearance iaric iii)
Area ratio ir,) Recovery
ratio. :ilso in<iicate the recomtnended values to gei least Cisiurbecl
samples. {6+21
b) 'A militistoricii-corntiiercial complex building is 1o be cc:rstructed
in a core of a
Kath''nan{iu \;-l'-11e1', for this a Geotec}mical investigation is to
be carriecl out. As an
engineer rctor-rmend the number of borehcles, depii, of borcholes
a.ra ,pu.in! oitir"
borehole fr:r siibsoil explorations
V}
3' 'a) Horv the differe-nt retaining rvalis can be proportioned? Describe
the methods cf
stability check ai retaining u,ail.
[5+3]
b) A retaining rvall of 7'5m-high has two laycrs of backfill. The soil supported
consists
of 3m sanc (y:1SKl.r,,*j, d:35o) overraying satru.atec clayc.v soil (y=i9.5
KN;;,
Q=35o, C=16KNr'm3). The ground l,vater tabie is at the upper surface oithe clay. Make
a sketcir of the di'stribution of the active prcssure on the wal1.
Calculate the total earth
trust pei metci of the r'r'all and its point of applicatio;r. Assurne
tirat the backfill is
horizontal at the surfrce"
,i
tBl
.1. \l&at is coflerdams? Describe the types ofcoff-erdams rvith thtir uses.
[i +3]
5. In r"ilat iespects does-the design of brar-.ings in cuts viu'17 from tirat of
a rigid retaining
w:ll? Describe Terzaghi's arching theory.
[2+2]
6. a) Critically differentiate.bctueen geaeral sl.rear failure and locai shcar ftilure. \Vjrat are
the factors afiecring bearing capacitir ofsoii? L2+2)
b) A rectangular lcoiing
Qm 5 am) is placed ai 1.5m clepth in sandy soil having angle of
shearing resisr-a:rcc of 3,io and ur:ii ..r,cight of 20 kN/m3 aboye rvater
iable" arrd
saiuiar-ed urit rrc:glit of 21.5 kN/m3 belorv watei table, Deierniine
the safe load that
can be carried b1,the footing for a safet., facts1613.0 if tire excavation
is baciifilled
fcrr iire foilcwing cases: (i) the water table is at 1m below
the grormd level and (ii) the
r"'ater tirble is at iin bclow the basc cf the footing. The bearlng
capacity factors for
strip ii:oiing fci $:14o are i'{r:29 and irr541.
tgl
7. A ra{t iottnila:ir-rl.r is 20m ,x 30m. The raft is c*nstructe<J over a soft cla1,- stralun: liaving
9"=1cKN/# ar:d'J:1961u,rn3. If
I'oru:illion if
the dcpth of
tr:e ri'e ioaci a:rd <ieaa roacl cn,h;;;i;;;'iilr , ;;;
a) The foundatic-n is fully compensateii.
b) Deterinine ihe depih of founclatioi: for a factor of salerv of 3.
[3+3]
t. a) Dcscribe l{ega1ive strlin fi'iction v,,ith its causes. effect, preveuii.re tneasurcs. i4l
b) Th: 20 nurnbers tf cilrcrete piie of 0.3m diameter anri 20 meter depth are designed to
colstnict 4 x 5 ia;vout g atten:. The site consist of c1a1' with unconfined compressive
strength s$KNln?. De:;ign ceri.ter to center spacing of piles so that grolrp piie has
sgrne possi'niiit.v of in<iividual r-iile lailure an hiock {hilure. Take arihesieta factor'(u)
:1r.5 t8i
9. Wir:.i consideiatioLs gcvern lhe fixing of the depttr of a rvell formdatlon? Name the
riliil;ert rnc,rirorls to analyze the krterai stability of rvell foundation. A circular well of 4m
inicl-ral diameter alC 0.75r:i steir:iirg thickness is embedded uptc a cicpth of 12ur in a
rinifcr-rr suid1, elepcsit. The u'ell is subjccted to a resultant horizontal force of'5001:N and
a toial mcmenr of 4000kli-m at the seour level. Calcuiate thc allorvabie total equivalent
iesisting force elue tc eafih pressure for the both light weil and heavy weil conditions
i;sing Terzaghl's analysis. Take sz.iurated unit w'eight of soil of 20kN/m3,0:30" anci factor
.it'sJety foipassive iesistance of 2' i1+1+51

i 0. \Vhar- are tl-ie different metliorls of irnprovi:rg the fbundatiol soiis? [4]
Ir
I

t
t'01
TRIBI'IUVAN UNIVEI{S ITY
Full Marks 80
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Pass Marks 32
trxanlination Control Division iJ'oggTm:+::t-
2075Ashrvin 1r-earllarl-i{llI- -'

/ in their own lt'ords as far as practicable'

candidates are required to give their answers
/ Auenpt All questions.
t in isr6 in fie margin indicate Frl.lt Ysrks
{ Noilat graph paper should be provided'
/ suitable data if necessary'
.Assume
according to soil conditions? t?l
1. a) How would you select the suitable type of formdation
t21
b) Why undisturbed samples are required?
investigation is to be canied out' As
2. a) In a core of a Kathmandu valley a Geotechnical
and the suitable field tests such that the
an engineer ,r"oril*J ir" type of drilling t5l
testdatacanbeusedas muchaspossible'
t3l
b) Prepare an example ofborehole log format'
the stability of retaining wall?
3- a) what mathematical procedures are.used in checkingactive pr"ttut"? [2+6]
why are retaining walls usually designed for "irtl,
b) A trapezoidal masonry retainingwall I m wide
I^Pp
*d 3 l wide at its bottom is 4
angle of20" with
m high. The vertical iac" is retaining soil
($ =
i0:) at a.s'rcharge of th1
the horizonlal. Deteffnine the maximum and
rninimum intensities n1e1ry9 xt
*"igtt, of soil are 201<tl/m".and
th",;iri;;*un
base of unit 3d.**ny of the wall as
;i.N/#;;rp;;;;fi Assuming the cJefficient of friction at the base
0.45, determine the factor of safety against
overturning' t8l

4.Explainarehinginsoils.Explainheaveofthebottomofcutinsoftclays.t4]
structures in terms
5. Differentiate between rigid retaining structural and flexible retaining t4l
of stability and deformaiion analysis'
6'a)Explainhowthebearingcapacityofsoilisaffectedbythefluctuationofthewater t6l
table with neat sketch'
b) Below fi gure shows th?. grd-s:ttl"1:11 :1T"..^"^1q:'i,
ffi#:fii""r;rdy;;iL Th" size of the plate used was. 30cm x
flf Tll' "t:,*i:t
" 30cm' Determine
of 3200KN
^^Anitrl with ^a *^-'i-'rm
--i.L rnarimum
il':tr;tru#;";""1r*" footing to cany a net load
t8l
settlement of zjlT:_
_ -_
Preslr#(${ml
o loo 6m 8oo
 having- basement for underground
7. The iOm x i5m size mat is constructed at 2.5m depthsaturated clay having cohesion of
parking. The site of highi{
:* """rirtt "o*ptlt.iUtt factor of safety' t6l
30 KN/m'. lf
mat carries the total fooa oi+OOO KN' Calculate the
the

8.a)Elaboratethebehaviorofsinglepiledifferinginitsgroupactions.t4]
b)Acircularpilegroupofl6.piles.p.en:tratesthnoughaunconsolidatedsoilof3.5m
an{ spacing.of 800cm' The average
depth. The Oiurn"ei", of circular pite is 6O cm
is Ofi rulh2 and the unit weight of soil
-n1t-1
unconfined compressive strangth of material
;;;ifi;i i;;;;;;;h"n"-i*i"" skin friction on the group. rake adhesion factor =
lvor"'v
,.uPBle ure
t8I
1.
sketches the
9. Discuss the remedies for tilt and shift of well foundation' Describe with clear
' [3+5i
components ofwell foundations'
10. what are the putposes of foundation
vr soil improvement? Explaia in brief' vibroflotation
'rsr ^vurlueuv" t2+21
techniques.
 03 TRIBHUVA].I IJNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE FulI Marks 80
Examination Control Division Programme BCE Pass lVlarla 32
2074Chaitra Year / Part nlI Time 3 hrs.

{y:oj"s!..:Igrg$!9!ll'_er!9zuglg!g02
Candidates are required to give their ansrven in their own words as far as practicable.
Atternpt All questions.
TheJigures in the margin indicate Full Marks.
Assume suitable data if necessary.

l. Classifu the shallowand deep fourdations according to soil conditions.

2. a) Determine the area ratio of a sampler having extemal radius of 30 mm and wall
thickness of 2.25 mm. Do you recommend this samFler for obtaining undisturbed soil
samples andwhy? [2+ll
b) List the {ield tests commonly used in subsurface exploration. What are the corrections
that must be applied to the SPT-values for sand before they are used in design charts
and empirical correlations?
[1+4]
c) What are the things that you will consider while preparing the site investigation repot?
14l
3. a) Explain the relative wall movements and lateral earfh pressure coefficients. How do
tension cracks influence the disftibution of active earth prcssure in purely cohesive
soiisJ Distinguish critically between Rankine's and Coulomb's theories of lateral
earth pressure-
[2+2+21
b) A retaining wall of 7.5 m high has two layers of backfill. The soil supportecl consists
of 5m sand (y: 18KN/m3, $ :35") overlaying saturated clayey soil qy = 19.5 KN/m3,
0 : 35", C : 16KN/m'). The ground rvater table is at the upper surface of the clay.
Make a sketch of the distribution of the active pressure on the wall stating the
principal values. Calculate the total earth thrust per meter of the wall arrd its point of
application. Assume that the backfill is horizontal at the surface.
ttot
4. What is arching effect in soils? A long 5 m wide and l0 m high vertical trench has to be
constructed in a deep deposit of cohesive soil u,ith c = 35 kNim2 and y = lA [N/m3. Ihe
safety ofthe bottom offiench against heave is to be checked before protecting the hench
walls using shee.t piles. [f the excavation to be completed rapidly, determipe the factor of
safety against bottom heave. What will be the fac.tor of safety if a hard rock is present at
2.5 m from the bottom of the trench?
[1+3]
What is coffer dam? Describe with neat sketch of the different types of coffer dam. What
are the relative merits and demerits of tlrem?
t4l
a) What are the implications of settlement on structures? Write ctown the steps of
proportioning footings for uniform settlement.
12+41
b) A building is to be supported on a reinforced concrete raft covering an area of
14 m x 21 m. The subsoil iq clay with an unconfined compressive strength of
14 kN/m2. Thd pressure on the soil due to weipft of the building and loads It witt
carry will be 135 kN/m2, at the ba-se of the raft. Ilrhe unit weight Jf excavated soil is
19 kN/m3, at lvhat depth should the bottom of the raft be placei to provide a factor of
safety of 3? Use Skempton's bearing capacity fomrula. t6]
,.*
7 ' Write down the concept of compensated foundation. Describe
with sketches the various
tlpes of mat foundations.
ll+sl
a) What are the various approaches used to estimate the vertical load
apile? write causes and effects ofnegative skin &iction in apile
bearing capacity of
foundatio4. tl+41
b) A group of 16 piles arranged in a square pattem is to be proportioned in a deposit of
soft saturated clay. Assuming the piles tobe square witliid ro cm and rz m iong,
determine the centre to clntre spacing of piles ior 100% effrciency
of the pile groui.
:
Take adhesion facror 0.g and consider uotn poirrt bearing
*J *in friction. tT
9. me advantages of well foundations over the other types
IeI.*"
Explain about the methods use to rectify tilt and shift of the
of deep foundations?
weU founOation with clear
sketches.
[2+61
l0' write down the different methods of soil improvement techniques. Explain sand
compaction piles and stone column.
[2+2]
*+*
 TRIBF{UV AN LTI.IIVERS ITY
.BE
INS'|ITUTE OF ENGINE,ERING
I eCP Marks l 32
, Pass
Examination Control Division .-
.:.,.. ----- _' -''_':-_
: IIi/I iTime 'Jnrs
2074 Ashwin

as far as pracricable
;;;;;;;;.;;;;", ro give rheir answers in their own words
Auempl All
questions.
TL,e fguTes in the ntargin indicate
Full Marks'
Assume suitable data if necessary'

soil condition' tzl

1. a) Classify the foundations according to their
o) Explainhowstandardpenetrationtestiscarriedoutinthefield.Whatvarious
Describe the nature of sample obtained from
corrections are made * iit" tested value? t8l
the test.
plate load test' 14)
c) Describe briefly the limitations of
improving the bearing capacity of weak soils' l4l
d) Write dou,n the different methods of
procedure for culmann's graphical method
2. a) Explain with neat sketch the step by step t6l
of passive earth Pressure'
pressure under the base of the cantilever
b) Determine the maximum and minimum
wall as shown in figure below and also the factor
of safety against sliding
retaining
andoverturning.Theapproximateshearstrengthparametersforthesoilarec=0,
are 16 KN/m3 and 24 KN/m3
@ : 41.. The unit weight of soil and conirete
respectir,ely.Thewatertauteisbelowthebaseofthewall.Take6:27"onthebase u0l
of the wall.
q :35 ii]{/n'l

'l c:I
I 0.4
I e.:q!"
l t _ JI
1-1,
L
| *; :,t %on: i 6l{l'i/rd
I

I
Y.*:24 KI{JC
I
I

ri:

capacity of soil? A footing rvas designed

3. a) What is the effect of rvater table on bearing
based on uliimate t.uring capacitv arrived
for tHe condition of' n'atei table at the
rvater level much above the ground
ground surface. rr,ir"r. ii u "t*r"" for raise in
capacit-v, why? 14)
ler,el do you expect any change in the bearing
$'ith unconfineci compression strength of 250
b) A circular footing is resling on stiff cla.v
KN/m2. Determine the diJmeter of the footing rvhen the depth of fbundation is 2 m
ui16t-hecolrnnrrioadisT00KNassuminguf'"to.ofsafetyas2.5,tlrebulkunit
in ultimate, net ultir:ate and pafe
weight of sol is 20KNi;3. *nu, *itt be the change
level? l8l
b"uiing capacitf if the water table is at ground
li 4. a) In what respects does the design of flexible retaining structure vary from rigid
retaining structure. t3]
. b) A cantilever sheet pile wall is driven into sand deposit having friction angle 35" and
bulk unit weight of 22kN/m3. One side of the sheet pile was backfilled to 3 m height.
The backfill material is cohesion less sand having @ :32" and bulk unit weight of
18kN/m3. Using the simplified method determine the depth if penetration needed for
the sheet pile to retain the backfrll. Provide a safety factor of 2 for the passive
resistance. The water table is below the base of the sheet pile. 15]

5. a) What are the conditions where a pile foundation is more suitable than a shallow
fonndation? What is a negative skin friction? [3+2]
b) A group of nine piles, 12 m long and 300 mm in diameter is to be arranged in a square
pattern in clay with an average unconfined compressive strength of 75 KN/m'.
Determine the centre to centre spacing of the piles for the efficiency of 1. Neglect the
point bearing. 171

6. a) How do you determine the depth of the well foundation? Describe the process of
- sinking of well. [4+4]
' b) Describe the procedure of determining the bearing capacity of cohesive cohesion-less
soil in case of mat foundation. What is compensated foundations. [4+2)
 TRIBIIWAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Bxamination Control Division
Year / Part
Subject: - Foundation Engineering (C8602)
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Attempt All questions.
TheJigures in the margin indicate Full Marks.
Assume suitable data if necessary.

l, a) What is standard penetration test? Write down its procedure. For what purpose can the
result of this test be used? How can the standard penetration values be corrected for
dilatancy and over burden pressure? t8]
b) Explain Terzaghi's trap door experiment with neat sketch. A 8 m deep cut in sand with
a cut width of 5 m is braced at equal distance of 2 m frorn the surface at three
locations. In the plan the struts are placed at a spacing of 4 m center to center. Using
empirical pressure diagram, calculate the design strut loads if tle properties of sand is,
angle of shearing resistance of 30o and unit weight of l6 kN/m'. tSl
a) High steel sheet pipe^wall with smooth vertical back supports a dry cohesionless soil
that weighs 18 kN/m'. The backfill rises from the crest of the wall at an angle of 20o
with the horizontal. If the angle of internal friction of backfill materials is 30o,
determine the magnitude and point of application of active earth pressure per meter
length of the wall. What will be the change in its magnitude and point of application,
if water tables rises to an eler-ation of 2 m below the^ top of the wall? Take the
submerged unit weight of the backfill material as 12kN/m'. t8l
b) Describe Culmann's graphical method of finding earth pressure for active state and
explain how surcharge will affect earth pressure in active states. tSl
4
J. a) How do you differentiate whether there will be general or local shear failure at your
site? An engineer wants to construct a circular footing of 1 m diameter to transfer the
load of 1000 kN with the safety {actor of 2.5 to a soil strata with an angle of shearing
resistance 30o, cohesion 101d.{/m'and unit weight of l8 kN/mr. Suggest the engineer
what should be the depth of the footing. Take Terzaghi's bearing capacity factors Nc,
Nq and Ny as 37.2,22.5 and 19.7 respectively. [4+8]
b) A mat 18mx22m in plan hasits base 3 m below the surface of the deposit of clay with
a unit weight of 20 KN/m'. The unconfined compressive strength of clay is 75
KN/m'. The factor of safety against bearing capacity failure must be 3. Determine
total weight of building plus the foundation the raft can safety support. t4l
4. a) Give a method to determine the bearing'capacity of a pile in sandy soil. What is
group effect and how will you estimate the capacity of a pile Soup in sand with neat
sketch? Explain the application and limitations of pile load test. t10l
b) A group df 16 piles of 50 cm diameter is arranged with a center to center spacing of
1.0 m. The piles are 90 m long and are embedded in soft clay with cohesion of
30 kll/m'. Bearing resistance may be negeleeted for the piles. Adhesion factor is 0.6.
Determine the ultimate load capacity of the pile group. Also check the efficiency of
the group of pile. t6I
5. a) What are the conditions that demand the improvement of the soil? Write down the
different methods of soil improvement techniques. Write down the measures to be
taken for sinking the wells and correcting the tilts and shifts occurred during sinking
ofcaissons 12+2+41
b) Determine the depth of embedment and force in tie rod of an anchored sheet pile wall
retaining soil bank of height 5 m. The tie rod is located I m below the top of the wall.
 TRIBHLIVANT]NIVERSIry
INSTITUTE OF ENGII{EERING
,..*
Examination Control Division
2072 Chaitra

,/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
{ Attempt All questions.
'/ Thefigures in the margin indicate Fall Marlts-.
/ Assume suitable data if necessary.

1. What are the major criteria to be satisfied in the design of a foundation? tzl
2. a) Differentiate between representative and non-representative soil samples. What are
the different sampler design parameters? Explain with their physical meaning
(No need to write the formulas) 12+51

b) How do you prepare the good site investigation reports? t5I

3. a) What is the earthquake effect on earth pressure? What is the order of horizontal strain
required to produce active state in (i) coarse grained soil and (ii) Fine grained soil?
What are the tentative dimensions of cantilever retaining walls? [1+2+s]
b) A retaining wall with a smooth vertical back is 8 m high and retains a 2Jayered soil
having rties as follows: t8l
Depth (m) C (KN/m') O (desrees) v (KN/mj)
0-4 i0 30 18
4-8 0 34 2A

Show the active earth pressure distribution on the back of the retaining wall and its
resultant.
4. What are the essential requirements for arching effects? Draw the apparent earth pressure
design diagrams recommended by Pecketal (1974) for cuts in sands, firm clay and soft to
medium clay. [1+3]
5. What are the different types of cofferdams? What are their relative merits and demerits? t2+21
6. a) What is the difference among immediate settlements, primary consolidation
settlement and secondary compression settlement? Explain the limitations of plate
load test. [3+31
b) A mat foundation of size 8 mx10 m is resting at a depth of 5 m. The foundation is
resting on saturated cohesive soil having undrained cohesion of 50 kPa. The soil has
urit weight of 19 KN/m3. Find the net safe bearing capacity using Skemton's method. t6l
7. What is compensated foundation? Describe the procedure for the conventional design of
raft foundations. [2+4]
8. a) Define negative skin friction in pile. Explain a typical situation where negative skin
friction 4lay occur. How does negative skin friction affect load carrying capacity of
pile?
b) A pile group consists of 16 piles is driven into a clay deposit. The piles are arranged
in square configuration, i.e 4 piles in each direction- The center to center distances
between the piles in both directions are 2.4 m. The length of the pile is 10 m and
diameter is 0.8 m. Tle average undrained shear strength along the upper 5 m length of
the pile is 40 KN/m' and the average undrained shear strength along the lower 5 m
length of the pile is 60 KN/m2. If adhesion factor is 0.6 for both layers, determine the
ultimate load capacity of the pilegroup. t8l
9. Explain with clear sketches the various components of well foundations. What are the
different methods to analyze the lateral stability of well foundation? What are the