Kohat University of Science & Technology

Institute of Computing

Subject : Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Topic: Software

3rd Week Instructor: Abdur Rehman

Q. Define software and its main types.

Ans:

Definition of Software

Software is a collection of programs, instructions, and data that tell a computer how to perform specific tasks. It
acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware.

Main Types of Software

Software is broadly classified into two main types:

1. System Software

System software manages and controls computer hardware, providing a platform for other software.

Examples:

 Operating System (OS) – Manages hardware and software resources (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux,
Android).

 Device Drivers – Helps the OS communicate with hardware (e.g., printer drivers, sound drivers).

 Utility Software – Performs maintenance tasks (e.g., antivirus, disk cleanup, backup software).

2. Application Software

Application software is designed for end-users to perform specific tasks.

Examples:

 Productivity Software – Microsoft Word, Excel, Google Docs (for writing and calculations).

 Multimedia Software – VLC Media Player, Adobe Photoshop (for audio, video, and image editing).

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  Communication Software – WhatsApp, Zoom, Gmail (for messaging and video calls).

 Entertainment Software – Video games, streaming apps like Netflix and YouTube.

👉 In summary, system software runs the computer, while application software helps users complete tasks.

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Q. What is computer network? What are its advantages?

Ans: What is a Computer Network?

A computer network is a system where multiple computers and devices (such as printers, routers, and
smartphones) are connected to share data, resources, and communication services. These connections can be
wired (using cables) or wireless (using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or satellites).

Advantages of Computer Networks

✅ 1. Easy Communication

 Allows users to send emails, video calls, and instant messages.

 Supports teamwork and remote collaboration.

✅ 2. Resource Sharing

 Computers can share hardware devices like printers and scanners.

 Centralized storage (servers/cloud) reduces redundancy.

✅ 3. Internet Access & Information Sharing

 Enables access to websites, online databases, and cloud storage.

 Multiple users can access the same files and applications.

✅ 4. Cost Efficiency

 Reduces the need for duplicate devices (e.g., shared printers).

 Saves money by using centralized data storage and software.

✅ 5. Remote Access & Work Flexibility

 Users can work from anywhere using a network connection.

 Supports cloud computing and online services.

✅ 6. Better Security & Backup

 Centralized networks can have strong security measures (firewalls, encryption).

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  Data backup systems protect against data loss.

Conclusion

Computer networks make communication, resource sharing, and data access easier and more efficient, helping
businesses, education, and individuals work smarter.

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Q. Briefly tell about various computer fields and their importance?

Ans:

Various Computer Fields and Their Importance

The field of Computer Science and Information Technology (IT) includes multiple specialized areas that impact
different industries. Here are some key computer fields and their importance:

1. Software Engineering

 What it is: Designing, developing, and maintaining software applications.

 Importance: Creates applications, websites, and systems used in daily life (e.g., banking apps, e-
commerce websites).

2. Artificial Intelligence (AI) & Machine Learning (ML)

 What it is: Developing intelligent systems that can learn and make decisions.

 Importance: Powers automation, smart assistants (e.g., Siri, Alexa), self-driving cars, and data analysis.

3. Cybersecurity

 What it is: Protecting computers, networks, and data from cyber threats.

 Importance: Prevents hacking, identity theft, and data breaches, ensuring privacy and security.

4. Data Science & Big Data Analytics

 What it is: Analyzing large amounts of data to extract useful insights.

 Importance: Helps businesses, healthcare, and governments make informed decisions.

5. Cloud Computing

 What it is: Providing computing services (storage, servers, databases) over the internet.

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  Importance: Supports remote work, data accessibility, and cost-effective IT solutions.

6. Computer Networking & Telecommunications

 What it is: Connecting computers and devices for communication and data exchange.

 Importance: Enables the internet, mobile networks, and digital communication.

7. Web Development & E-Commerce

 What it is: Creating websites and online shopping platforms.

 Importance: Helps businesses reach global customers and provides easy online access to services.

8. Robotics & Automation

 What it is: Designing robots and automated systems for industries.

 Importance: Enhances productivity in manufacturing, healthcare, and logistics.

9. Game Development & Multimedia

 What it is: Creating video games, animation, and digital media.

 Importance: Provides entertainment and educational simulations.

10. Database Management Systems (DBMS)

 What it is: Storing and managing large sets of data efficiently.

 Importance: Essential for businesses, banks, hospitals, and government records.

Conclusion

Each computer field plays a vital role in shaping technology, improving industries, and making daily life more
efficient and convenient.

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Q. What is MS Office? What are is main components and what are their functions?

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Ans: Microsoft Office (MS Office) is a collection of software programs developed by Microsoft for doing tasks
like typing documents, making presentations, managing data, and sending emails. It is widely used in homes,
schools, and offices.

History & Start of MS Office:

 First released: In 1989 (for Mac) and 1990 (for Windows)

 Founder: Bill Gates, co-founder of Microsoft

 Originally included basic tools like Word, Excel, and PowerPoint

 ⭐ Popular Components of MS Office (with definitions):

Component Use / Definition

MS Word Word processor used to type letters, reports, and documents.
MS Excel Spreadsheet tool used to manage data, perform calculations, and create charts.
MS PowerPoint Presentation software used to create slideshows for teaching or business.
MS Outlook Used for sending and receiving emails and managing calendar and contacts.
MS Access Database management system used to store and handle large data.
OneNote Digital notebook used to take and organize notes.

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Q. What are prices of MS office various versions and what are alternative to MS Office?

Ans:

💵 MS Office Pricing & License Duration:

Version Price (approx.) License Type

MS Office 2021 Home & Student $149.99 (One-time payment) Lifetime license (for 1 PC)

Microsoft 365 Personal $69.99/year or $6.99/month Subscription (1 user)

Microsoft 365 Family $99.99/year or $9.99/month Subscription (up to 6 users)

👉 Microsoft 365 includes extra cloud storage (OneDrive) and always gives you the latest versions of Office apps.

⏳ Time Duration of License:

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  Office 2021: One-time purchase, lifetime for that device (no updates).

 Microsoft 365: Subscription-based, valid only as long as you pay monthly or yearly.

Alternative Description Cost

Google Workspace (Docs, Sheets,

Web-based, cloud office tools by Google Free (basic)
Slides)

Open-source office suite (similar to MS

LibreOffice Free
Office)

Free (basic), Paid

WPS Office Lightweight office suite
(premium)

OnlyOffice Open-source office tools Free (community version)