AS

CHEMISTRY
7404/2
Paper 2 Organic and Physical Chemistry
Mark scheme
June 2024
Version: 1.0 Final

*246A7404/2/MS*
 MARK SCHEME – AS CHEMISTRY – 7404/2 – JUNE 2024

Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant
questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the
standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in
this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’
responses to questions and that every associate understands and applies it in the same correct way.
As preparation for standardisation each associate analyses a number of students’ scripts. Alternative
answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the
standardisation process, associates encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are
required to refer these to the Lead Examiner.

It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and
expanded on the basis of students’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark
schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of
assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination
paper.

No student should be disadvantaged on the basis of their gender identity and/or how they refer to the
gender identity of others in their exam responses.

A consistent use of ‘they/them’ as a singular and pronouns beyond ‘she/her’ or ‘he/him’ will be credited in
exam responses in line with existing mark scheme criteria.

Further copies of this mark scheme are available from aqa.org.uk

Copyright information

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Copyright © 2024 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.

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 MARK SCHEME – AS CHEMISTRY – 7404/2 – JUNE 2024

AS and A-Level Chemistry

Mark Scheme Instructions for Examiners
1. General
The mark scheme for each question shows:
• the marks available for each part of the question
• the total marks available for the question
• the typical answer or answers which are expected
• extra information to help the examiner make his or her judgement and help to delineate what is
acceptable or not worthy of credit or, in discursive answers, to give an overview of the area in
which a mark or marks may be awarded.
The extra information in the ‘Comments’ column is aligned to the appropriate answer in the
left-hand part of the mark scheme and should only be applied to that item in the mark scheme.
You should mark according to the contents of the mark scheme. If you are in any doubt about
applying the mark scheme to a particular response, consult your Team Leader.
At the beginning of a part of a question a reminder may be given, for example: where
consequential marking needs to be considered in a calculation; or the answer may be on the
diagram or at a different place on the script.
In general, the right-hand side of the mark scheme is there to provide those extra details which
might confuse the main part of the mark scheme yet may be helpful in ensuring that marking is
straightforward and consistent.
The use of M1, M2, M3 etc in the right-hand column refers to the marking points in the order in
which they appear in the mark scheme. So, M1 refers to the first marking point, M2 the second
marking point etc.

2. Emboldening
2.1 In a list of acceptable answers where more than one mark is available ‘any two from’ is
used, with the number of marks emboldened. Each of the following bullet points is a
potential mark.
2.2 A bold and is used to indicate that both parts of the answer are required to award the
mark.
2.3 Alternative answers acceptable for a mark are indicated by the use of OR. Different terms
in the mark scheme are shown by a / ; eg allow smooth/free movement.

3. Marking points
3.1 Marking of lists
This applies to questions requiring a set number of responses, but for which students
have provided extra responses. The general ‘List’ principle to be followed in such a
situation is that ‘right + wrong = wrong’.
Each error/contradiction negates each correct response. So, if the number of
error/contradictions equals or exceeds the number of marks available for the question, no
marks can be awarded.
However, responses considered to be neutral (often prefaced by ‘Ignore’ in the mark
scheme) are not penalised.

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For example, in a question requiring 2 answers for 2 marks:

Incorrect
Correct answers (ie
Mark (2) Comment
answers incorrect rather
than neutral)
1 0 1
They have not exceeded the maximum
1 1 1 number of responses so there is no
penalty.
They have exceeded the maximum number
1 2 0 of responses so the extra incorrect
response cancels the correct one.
2 0 2
2 1 1
2 2 0
3 0 2 The maximum mark is 2.
The incorrect response cancels out one of
3 1 1 the two correct responses that gained
credit.
Two incorrect responses cancel out the two
3 2 0
marks gained.
3 3 0

3.2 Marking procedure for calculations

Full marks should be awarded for a correct numerical answer, without any working
shown, unless the question states ‘Show your working’ or ‘justify your answer’. In this
case, the mark scheme will clearly indicate what is required to gain full credit.
If an answer to a calculation is incorrect and working is shown, process mark(s) can
usually be gained by correct substitution / working and this is shown in the ‘Comments’
column or by each stage of a longer calculation.

3.3 Errors carried forward, consequential marking and arithmetic errors

Allowances for errors carried forward are most likely to be restricted to calculation
questions and should be shown by the abbreviation ECF or consequential in the marking
scheme.
An arithmetic error should be penalised for one mark only unless otherwise amplified in
the marking scheme. Arithmetic errors may arise from a slip in a calculation or from an
incorrect transfer of a numerical value from data given in a question.

3.4 Equations
In questions requiring students to write equations, state symbols are generally ignored
unless otherwise stated in the ‘Comments’ column.
Examiners should also credit correct equations using multiples and fractions unless
otherwise stated in the ‘Comments’ column.

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3.5 Oxidation states

In general, the sign for an oxidation state will be assumed to be positive unless
specifically shown to be negative.

3.6 Interpretation of ‘it’

Answers using the word ‘it’ should be given credit only if it is clear that the ‘it’ refers to the
correct subject.

3.7 Phonetic spelling

The phonetic spelling of correct scientific terminology should be credited unless there is a
possible confusion with another technical term or if the question requires correct IUPAC
nomenclature.

3.8 Brackets
(…..) are used to indicate information which is not essential for the mark to be awarded
but is included to help the examiner identify the sense of the answer required.

3.9 Ignore / Insufficient / Do not allow

Ignore or insufficient is used when the information given is irrelevant to the question or not
enough to gain the marking point. Any further correct amplification could gain the marking
point.
Do not allow means that this is a wrong answer which, even if the correct answer is
given, will still mean that the mark is not awarded.

3.10 Marking crossed out work

Crossed out work that has not been replaced should be marked as if it were not crossed
out, if possible. Where crossed out work has been replaced, the replacement work and
not the crossed out work should be marked.

3.11 Reagents
The command word “Identify”, allows the student to choose to use either the name or the
formula of a reagent in their answer. In some circumstances, the list principle may apply
when both the name and the formula are used. Specific details will be given in mark
schemes.

The guiding principle is that a reagent is a chemical which can be taken out of a bottle or
container. Failure to identify complete reagents will be penalised, but follow-on marks
(e.g. for a subsequent equation or observation) can be scored from an incorrect attempt
(possibly an incomplete reagent) at the correct reagent. Specific details will be given in
mark schemes.

For example, no credit would be given for

• the cyanide ion or CN– when the reagent should be potassium cyanide or KCN;
• the hydroxide ion or OH– when the reagent should be sodium hydroxide or NaOH;

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• the Ag(NH3)2+ ion when the reagent should be Tollens’ reagent (or ammoniacal silver
nitrate). In this example, no credit is given for the ion, but credit could be given for a
correct observation following on from the use of the ion. Specific details will be given in
mark schemes.

In the event that a student provides, for example, both KCN and cyanide ion, it would be
usual to ignore the reference to the cyanide ion (because this is not contradictory) and
credit the KCN. Specific details will be given in mark schemes.

3.12 Organic structures

Where students are asked to draw organic structures, unless a specific type is required in
the question and stated in the mark scheme, these may be given as displayed, structural
or skeletal formulas or a combination of all three as long as the result is unambiguous.
In general
• Displayed formulae must show all of the bonds and all of the atoms in the molecule, but
need not show correct bond angles.
• Skeletal formulae must show carbon atoms by an angle or suitable intersection in the
skeleton chain. Functional groups must be shown and it is essential that all atoms other
than C atoms are shown in these (except H atoms in the functional groups of
aldehydes, secondary amines and N-substituted amides which do not need to be
shown).
• Structures must not be ambiguous, eg 1-bromopropane should be shown as
CH3CH2CH2Br and not as the molecular formula C3H7Br which could also represent the
isomeric 2-bromopropane.
• Bonds should be drawn correctly between the relevant atoms. This principle applies in
all cases where the attached functional group contains a carbon atom, eg nitrile,
carboxylic acid, aldehyde and acid chloride. The carbon-carbon bond should be clearly
shown. Wrongly bonded atoms will be penalised on every occasion. (see the
examples below)
• The same principle should also be applied to the structure of alcohols. For example, if
students show the alcohol functional group as C ─ HO, they should be penalised on
every occasion.
• Latitude should be given to the representation of C ─ C bonds in alkyl groups, given
that CH3─ is considered to be interchangeable with H3C─ even though the latter
would be preferred.
• Similar latitude should be given to the representation of amines where NH2─ C will be
allowed, although H2N─ C would be preferred.
• Poor presentation of vertical C ─ CH3 bonds or vertical C ─ NH2 bonds should not be
penalised. For other functional groups, such as ─ OH and ─ CN, the limit of tolerance
is the half-way position between the vertical bond and the relevant atoms in the
attached group.

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By way of illustration, the following would apply.

CH3 C C C OH C C

CH3 CH3CH2 OH

allowed allowed not allowed not allowed not allowed

NH2 NO2

NH2 C C

NH2
NH2

allowed allowed allowed allowed not allowed

CN C C COOH C C C

CN COOH COOH

not allowed not allowed not allowed not allowed not allowed

CHO C C C COCl C C

CHO CHO COCl

not allowed not allowed not allowed not allowed not allowed

• Representation of CH2 by C−H2 will be penalised

• Some examples are given here of structures for specific compounds that should not
gain credit (but, exceptions may be made in the context of balancing equations)

CH3COH for ethanal

CH3CH2HO for ethanol

OHCH2CH3 for ethanol
C2H6O for ethanol

CH2CH2 for ethene

CH2.CH2 for ethene
CH2:CH2 for ethene

• Each of the following should gain credit as alternatives to correct representations of

the structures.

CH2 = CH2 for ethene, H2C=CH2

CH3CHOHCH3 for propan-2-ol, CH3CH(OH)CH3

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• In most cases, the use of “sticks” to represent C ─ H bonds in a structure should not be
penalised. The exceptions to this when “sticks” will be penalised include
• structures in mechanisms where the C ─ H bond is essential (e.g. elimination
reactions in halogenoalkanes and alcohols)
• when a displayed formula is required
• when a skeletal structure is required or has been drawn by the candidate

3.13 Organic names

As a general principle, non-IUPAC names or incorrect spelling or incomplete names
should not gain credit. Some illustrations are given here.
Unnecessary but not wrong numbers will not be penalised such as the number ‘2’ in 2-
methylpropane or the number ‘1’ in 2-chlorobutan-1-oic acid.

but-2-ol should be butan-2-ol

2-hydroxybutane should be butan-2-ol

butane-2-ol should be butan-2-ol

2-butanol should be butan-2-ol

ethan-1,2-diol should be ethane-1,2-diol

2-methpropan-2-ol should be 2-methylpropan-2-ol

2-methylbutan-3-ol should be 3-methylbutan-2-ol

3-methylpentan should be 3-methylpentane

3-mythylpentane should be 3-methylpentane

3-methypentane should be 3-methylpentane

propanitrile should be propanenitrile

aminethane should be ethylamine (although aminoethane can gain credit)

2-methyl-3-bromobutane should be 2-bromo-3-methylbutane

3-bromo-2-methylbutane should be 2-bromo-3-methylbutane

3-methyl-2-bromobutane should be 2-bromo-3-methylbutane

2-methylbut-3-ene should be 3-methylbut-1-ene

difluorodichloromethane should be dichlorodifluoromethane

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3.14 Organic reaction mechanisms

Curly arrows should originate either from a lone pair of electrons or from a bond.
The following representations should not gain credit and will be penalised each time
within a clip.

. . Br
H3C Br H3C .. Br H3C

_ .._
: OH OH
For example, the following would score zero marks.

H3C C Br

HO H

When the curly arrow is showing the formation of a bond to an atom, the arrow can go
directly to the relevant atom, alongside the relevant atom or more than half-way towards
the relevant atom.

In free-radical substitution:
• the absence of a radical dot should be penalised once only within a clip
• the use of half-headed arrows is not required, but the use of double-headed arrows or
the incorrect use of half-headed arrows in free-radical mechanisms should be penalised
once only within a clip.

The correct use of skeletal formulae in mechanisms is acceptable, but where a C-H bond
breaks, both the bond and the H must be drawn to gain credit.

3.15 Extended responses

For questions marked using a ‘Levels of Response’ mark scheme:
Level of response mark schemes are broken down into three levels, each of which has a
descriptor. Each descriptor contains two statements. The first statement is the Chemistry
content statement and the second statement is the communication statement.

Determining a level
Start at the lowest level of the mark scheme and use it as a ladder to see whether the answer
meets the Chemistry content descriptor for that level. The descriptor for the level indicates the
qualities that might be seen in the student’s answer for that level. If it meets the lowest level,
then go to the next one and decide if it meets this level, and so on, until you have a match
between the level descriptor and the answer.

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When assigning a level you should look at the overall quality of the answer and not look to pick
holes in small and specific parts of the answer where the student has not performed quite as well
as the rest. If the answer covers different aspects of different levels of the mark scheme you
should use a best fit approach for defining the level.

Once the level has been decided, the mark within the level is determined by the communication
statement:
• If the answer completely matches the communication descriptor, award the higher mark within
the level.
• If the answer does not completely match the communication descriptor, award the lower mark
within the level.

The exemplar materials used during standardisation will help you to determine the appropriate
level. There will be an exemplar in the standardising materials which will correspond with each
level of the mark scheme and for each mark within each level. This answer will have been
awarded a mark by the Lead Examiner. You can compare the student’s answer with the
exemplar to determine if it is the same standard, better or worse than the example. You can then
use this to allocate a mark for the answer based on the Lead Examiner’s mark on the exemplar.
You may well need to read back through the answer as you apply the mark scheme to clarify
points and assure yourself that the level and the mark are appropriate.
Indicative content in the mark scheme is provided as a guide for examiners. It is not intended to
be exhaustive and you must credit other chemically valid points. Students may not have to cover
all of the points mentioned in the indicative content to reach the highest level of the mark scheme.
The mark scheme will state how much chemical content is required for the highest level.
An answer which contains nothing of relevance to the question must be awarded no marks.

For other extended response answers:

Where a mark scheme includes linkage words (such as ‘therefore’, ‘so’, ‘because’ etc), these are
optional. However, a student’s marks for the question may be limited if they do not demonstrate
the ability to construct and develop a sustained line of reasoning which is coherent, relevant,
substantiated and logically structured. In particular answers in the form of bullet pointed lists may
not be awarded full marks if there is no indication of logical flow between each point or if points
are in an illogical order.
The mark schemes for some questions state that the maximum mark available for an extended
response answer is limited if the answer is not coherent, relevant, substantiated and logically
structured. During the standardisation process, the Lead Examiner will provide marked exemplar
material to demonstrate answers which have not met these criteria. You should use these
exemplars as a comparison when marking student answers.

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Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

Row 1 = no (visible) change/reaction / stays orange/yellow Row 1 – allow stays brown (ignore red)

Row 2 = name or formula of a (hydrogen)carbonate (e.g. Na2CO3, Row 2 – name or formula, but formula must be
NaHCO3, CaCO3) OR name or formula of reactive metal (e.g. correct if given (even if correct name also given); 3
01.1 Mg, Na) allow bicarbonate for hydrogencarbonate; ignore (3 x AO1)
reference to limewater for a (hydrogen)carbonate
Row 3 = no (visible) change/reaction / stays blue
Do not allow nothing / no observation for Row 1/3

Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

M1 mass of H = 0.50 – 0.45 (= 0.05(0)) (g) Correct answer scores 3 marks

0.45 0.05 allow ECF from M1 to M2

M2 C 12(.0) = 0.0375, H = 1(.0) = 0.05
allow ECF from M2 (if an attempt at moles) to M3

M3 C3H4 Alternative M1/2 3

01.2
(3 x AO3)
M1 10% H, 90% C

90 10
M2 C 12(.0) = 7.5, H = 1(.0) = 10

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Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

Compound A - structural formula of any compound with formula Answers may be given by the spectra.
C4H8O2 containing C=O and alcohol O-H group, e.g.
Ignore (in)correct name.

Compound A:
• do NOT allow carboxylic acids
• allow compounds with aldehyde and alcohol OH
groups

Compound B - structural formula of any compound with formula

C4H8O2 containing C=C and two alcohol O-H groups, e.g. 2
02.1
(2 x AO3)

Compound B:
• the C=C must be shown in the structure
• allow compounds with one C=C, one alcohol OH
and an ether group

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Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

M1 use fingerprint region M1 Allow region below 1500 cm–1 for fingerprint
region
2
02.2 M2 look for (exact) match to known spectrum
(2 x AO1)
M1 if values are quoted the top number must be
1500 cm–1

Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

Methane/it absorbs IR (radiation/light) or Answer must have idea of absorbing / taking in IR

Methane/it absorbs (radiation/light) around 3000 and/or 1200 (cm–1) (or wavenumbers that correspond to IR)

Allow (C-H) bonds absorbing IR radiation (penalise 1

02.3
reference to bonds other than C-H) (1 x AO1)

Ignore re-emission of (IR) radiation by methane

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Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

trichlorofluoromethane No other names 1

03.1
(1 x AO1)

Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

CHFCl2 + ●Cl → ●CFCl2 + HCl Equations in either order

●CFCl2 + Cl2 → CFCl3 + ●Cl Allow dot anywhere on each radical species
2
03.2
Allow 1 mark for two equations with missing dots (2 x AO2)
that are otherwise correct

Ignore any arrows for electron movement

Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

CFCl3 → ●CFCl2 + ●Cl Allow dot anywhere on each radical species

1
03.3
(1 x AO2)
Ignore any arrows for electron movement

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Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

O3 + ●Cl → ●OCl + O2 Equations in either order

●OCl + O3 → 2 O2 + ●Cl Allow dot anywhere on each radical species

Allow 1 mark for two equations with missing dots 2

03.4
that are otherwise correct (2 x AO1)

(Accept alternative pair of equations for M2 (both needed for M2)

O3 ⟶ O + O2
ClO• + O ⟶ Cl• + O2)

Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

Absorbs/removes ultraviolet/UV radiation that is harmful/causes (skin) Answer must refer to removal of UV and idea of it
cancer/causes (cell) mutations being harmful / the harm it causes

Ignore stopping UV / blocking UV / preventing UV / 1

03.5
protecting from UV (1 x AO1)

ignore reference to greenhouse effect/gases /

absorption of IR / global warming

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Question Marking Guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

This question is marked using levels of response. Refer to the Mark Stage 1 - What stereoisomers are (1 'covered'
Scheme Instructions for Examiners for guidance on how to mark this or 'virtually complete')
question.
1a same structure / structural formula
Level 3 All stages are covered and each stage is
1b different arrangement of atoms/bonds in space
(5-6 marks) generally correct and virtually complete.
(6 v 5) Answer is well structured, with no repetition
or irrelevant points, and covers all aspects of the Stage 2 - E-Z isomerism occurs (1 'covered ', 2
question. Accurate and clear expression of ideas 'virtually complete')
with no errors in use of technical terms. 2a lack of rotation around C=C
Level 2 All stages are covered but stage(s) may be 2b each C atom of C=C has (two) different groups
(3-4 marks) incomplete or may contain inaccuracies OR attached
two stages are covered and are generally correct 2c this is E
and virtually complete. 6
04.1 (4 v 3) Answer has some structure and covers Stage 3 – Justify E/Z (2 'covered”, 3 'virtually (4 x AO1,
most aspects of the question. Ideas are expressed complete') 2 x AO3)
with reasonable clarity with, perhaps, some 3a indicates in some way that CH3CH2 is higher
repetition or some irrelevant points. If any, only priority than H on RHS C
minor errors in use of technical terms.
3b as atomic number of C is higher than H or
Level 1 Two stages are covered but stage(s) may be C=6vH=1
(1-2 marks) incomplete or may contain inaccuracies OR 3c indicates in some way that (CH3)2CH is higher
priority than CH3CH2 on LHS C
only one stage is covered but is generally
3d as atomic numbers of atoms joined to C (joined
correct and virtually complete.
to C=C) are higher for (CH3)2CH than
CH3CH2 or 6,6,1 v 6,1,1
(2 v 1) Answer includes statements which are
presented in a logical order and / or linked. 3e highest priority groups on opposite sides (of
C=C)
0 marks Insufficient correct chemistry to gain a mark.

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Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

M1 electrophilic addition All arrows are double-headed. Penalise one mark

from the total for 2-5 if half headed arrows are used
Do not penalise the “correct” use of “sticks”
M2-5 Penalise only once in any part of the mechanism
for a line and two dots to show a bond

M2 ignore partial negative charges on the double

bond

M3 penalise incorrect partial charges on the H–Br

bond and penalise formal charges
5
04.2 (1 x AO1,
Penalise M4 if there is a bond drawn to the positive
4 x AO2)
M2 arrow from C=C bond towards H of HBr charge

M3 breaking of H-Br bond Max 3 of 4 marks (M2-5) for wrong organic

reactant or wrong carbocation (ignore structure of
M4 correct carbocation product); for example, correct mechanism for
compound L would score 3/4 for M2-5)
M5 arrow from lone pair of Br- to positively charged C of their
carbocation For M5, credit attack on a partially positively
charged carbocation structure, but penalise M4 for
the structure of the carbocation

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Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

M1 idea that K is formed from/via/has/by the more stable M1 and M2 must refer to stability of carbocations
carbocation (intermediate) (ignore reference to stability of products). M1 and
M2 are penalised if answer suggests that the
M2 idea that major product from tertiary carbocation rather than
products are carbocation.
secondary carbocation
3
04.3 M2 allow descriptions in terms of number of alkyl
M3 idea of stability from greater (positive) inductive effect (from more (3 x AO3)
groups attached to positive C atom
alkyl/C groups) or more electron-releasing alkyl/C groups
M3 must be a comparison; could refer to 3 v 2
electron-releasing alkyl/R/C groups (but allow ECF
from M2 for number of alkyl groups)

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Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

0.400 M7 to at least 2 sf (3.554376… x 10–4)

M1 amount of Mg = 24.3
= 0.016(5) (mol)
3.6 x 10–4 to 2sf
20.0
M2 amount of HCl = 1.50 × 1000
= 0.03(00) (mol) M2 penalise 0.015 mol shown as amount of HCl
but ignore 0.015 in working out of limiting reagent
M3 justification that HCl is the limiting reagent
(e.g. 0.0165 mol of Mg requires 0.0330 mol of HCl or Allow ECF at each stage, but note:
only 0.0150 mol of Mg reacts with 0.030 mol of HCl or
mols of HCl is less than double the moles of Mg or • M3 should be based on their values for M1/2
7
mols of Mg is more than half the moles of HCl)
05.1 (2 x AO1,
• M4 should be based on their values of M1/2
M2 5 x AO2)
M4 amount of H2 formed = 0.0150 (or ) independent of M3
2

• Note that answer based on 0.0165 mol Mg as

M5 converting T to 288, P to 101000
limiting reagent gives 3.79–3.91 × 10–4 m3 which
M4 × 8.31 × 288 scores M5,6,7 and possibly M3,4
M6 V = 101000
If candidates use 1 mol has volume of 24 dm3
–4 3
M7 V = 3.55 × 10 (m ) rather than use ideal gas equation - cannot score
M5/6/7

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Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

M1 C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O M1 allow multiples/fractions

2
05.2
(2 x AO2)
M2 250 (cm3) ECF from M1 to M2 (i.e. 50 x mol O2 in equation)

Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

Silver iodide or AgI If name and formula given, both must be correct 1
06.1
(1 x AO2)

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Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

3
06.2
(3 x AO2)

M2 best-fit line should be no more than one

square away from each point (but allowance
M1 All points plotted (within half a square) made for incorrectly plotted points that mean
the line may be further away from some
M2 Best fit line - slight curve (for at least 6 to 42°C) points)
1 1
M3 Use reading from extrapolated line (reading within half square) M3 typical answer = 0.054 = 18.5 s

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 MARK SCHEME – AS CHEMISTRY – 7404/2 – JUNE 2024
Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

M1 rate of reaction would be slower Mark M1 and M2 independently (no ECF from M1
to M2)
M2 C-Br bond is stronger than C-I bond
M2 ignore reference to bond polarity /
electronegativities / bond length;
allow C-Br bond has greater bond
enthalpy/energy than C-I bond 3
06.3
(3 x AO3)
M3 line for 1-bromobutane will be below that for 1-iodobutane M3 ignore references to gradient, shallowness or
distance between lines

M3 allow ECF from faster in M1 to M3 with the line

is above the original

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 MARK SCHEME – AS CHEMISTRY – 7404/2 – JUNE 2024

Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

from orange to green 1

07.1
(1 x AO1)

Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

propanal (allow name or structure) If name and structure shown, both must be correct
1
07.2
(1 x AO2)
Ignore aldehyde

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 MARK SCHEME – AS CHEMISTRY – 7404/2 – JUNE 2024

Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

M1 dashed line from H in water to lone pair on an O in propanoic Accept a pair of dots/crosses or a shaped orbital
acid, or (without or without two electrons) for lone pair
dashed line from lone pair on O in water to the H (of OH) in
propanoic acid Ignore any partial charges on other atoms

M2 for the H and O atoms in their H-bond: For linear in M3, accept a deviation up to 10°
δ- and lone pair on O on one molecule,
δ+ on H (of OH) on the other molecule If two H-bonds formed between an acid molecule
and a water molecule, could score maximum of 1
M3 linear O ............... H–O mark for M1 or M2

3 examples of correct answers are shown in in the diagram Lose M1 if structure of water incorrect or the
H-bonding is to another propanoic acid molecule
(instead of water) 3
07.3
(3 x AO1)

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 MARK SCHEME – AS CHEMISTRY – 7404/2 – JUNE 2024

Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

M1 Nucleophilic Substitution All arrows are double-headed. Penalise one mark

from the total if half headed arrows are used. Do
not penalise the “correct” use of “sticks”. Penalise
only once in mechanism for a line and two dots to
show a bond

M2 allow the minus sign to be anywhere on the

CN– ion

M2 penalise any extra arrows involving CN– or

3
07.4 M2 arrow from lone pair on C of CN– to the C of the CH2Br group covalent bond in NaCN
(1 x AO1,
2 x AO2)
M3 arrow from the C–Br bond to the Br M3 penalise formal charges or incorrect partial
charges on C–Br bond

M3 penalise any extra arrows involving Br

Ignore wrong organic product (if shown)

SN1: allow SN1 mechanism with M2 for breakage

of C–Br bond and M3 for attack by CN– on correct
carbocation

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 MARK SCHEME – AS CHEMISTRY – 7404/2 – JUNE 2024

Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

Any one from: Do not allow it/NaCN is insoluble (in water)

• an alcohol / ethanol would be formed 1
07.5 • water/it/hydroxide ions would act as the nucleophile/be involved (1 x AO3)
with nucleophilic substitution
• bromoethane is insoluble (in water)

Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

[CH3 CH2 COOH] • Must be square brackets

Kc = • Ignore state symbols 1
07.6 [C2 H4 ][CO][H2 O]
• Ignore units (1 x AO2)

Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

M1 divides moles by volume (1.2 or 1200/1000) For M1-3

• M3 to at least 2sf
0.420
( )
M2 Kc = 1.2 (0.350)
or (0.065)(0.052)(0.052) • Correct answer scores M1-3
0.078 0.062 0.062
( )( )( ) • Allow ECF from M1 to M2 for incorrect or no
1.2 1.2 1.2
attempt to determine concentration in M1 (1401
M3 2017 (allow 1990 to 2020) scores M2+3 if moles not concentration used) 4
07.7
(4 x AO2)
• Allow ECF from M2 to M3
M4 mol–2 dm6 • Incorrect Kc expression: allow ECF from 7.6 to
7.7
M4 units must be consistent with expression used
in 7.7 (or 7.6 if calculation not attempted in 7.7)

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 MARK SCHEME – AS CHEMISTRY – 7404/2 – JUNE 2024

Question Marking guidance Additional Comments/Guidelines Mark

M1 yield will decrease Mark each point independently

M2 the equilibrium shifts (left) in the endothermic direction M2 allow equilibrium shifts left as the forward
reaction is exothermic;
M3 to oppose the temperature increase/change / to decrease the
temperature M2 allow the equilibrium shifts (left) to the 3
07.8
endothermic side (3 x AO2)

M2 ignore reference to reaction being favoured

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 MARK SCHEME – AS CHEMISTRY – 7404/2 – JUNE 2024

Question Marking Guidance Mark Comments

8 A 1 (AO2) 0.15
0.20
× 100

9 B 1 (AO1) 96.0

10 C 1 (AO1) The proportion of successful collisions increases because

there is a decrease in the activation energy.

11 D 1 (AO3) D

12 C 1 (AO3) 3-bromo-3-methylhexane

13 B 1 (AO1) B

14 B 1 (AO1) Y + 4 Cl2 → Z + 4 HCl

15 A 1 (AO2)

16 B 1 (AO2) C18H38 ⟶ C8H16 + C4H10 + 2 C3H6

17 A 1 (AO3) decane

18 D 1 (AO) prop-2-enoic acid

19 C 1 (AO2) –2220

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 MARK SCHEME – AS CHEMISTRY – 7404/2 – JUNE 2024

20 A 1 (AO2) +21.2

21 D 1 (AO2) 25.2%

22 A 1 (AO1) 70.0g

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