Unit 1

1. What are various functional units of computer?

2. Summarize the operation of a digital computer
3. Explain memory data register
4. What is bus ? What are different signal lines of a bus? Explain different bus structures
5. Define memory locations and address?
6. What is word alignment
7. What is instruction line sequencing?
8. Define generating memory address?
9. What are different addressing modes?
10. Explain about functional units of computer?
11. Explain the basic concepts of computer
12. Explain bus structure in details
13. What is meant by system software? Explain various junction a of system software.
14. How can we measure the performance of the computer?
15. Discuss about RISC?
16. How words are aligned in a memory? Give representation of instruction in main
memory.
17. Discuss about memory operations.
18. Explain in detail about all the basic instruction types with examples.
19. How to execute instructions using straight line sequencing and branching?
20. Discuss different types of addressing modes?
21. Explain about assembly language?
22. What are the different methods to perform basic i/o operations in a computer?

Unit 2
1. Differentiate between control unit and arithmetic unit.
2. Define a signed number representation.
3. Define integer unit.
4. Explain logical operations.
5. What is an arithmetic overflow?
6. What is underflow?
7. Differentiate between fixed and floating point representations.
8. Discuss about addition and subtraction of signed numbers
9. Discuss briefly about carry look ahead adder.
10. Explain the design of fast adders?
11. Demonstrate multiplication of two binary numbers with an example. Design an
arithmetic element to perform this multiplication.
12. Discuss about booth algorithm.
13. Multiply 1011 with 10011 using booth’s algorithm.
14. Define bit pair recoding algorithm with a suitable example.
15. Write a short note on carry save adders.
16. Explain the concept of restoring division along with its algorithm.
17. Discuss about non restoring division algorithm.
18. Discuss in brief about floating point representation.
19. Write an algorithm to multiply binary numbers represented in normalized
floating point number.

Unit 3
 1. Write about micro instructions format
2. What is pipelining
3. What are advantages of pipelining
4. List out the steps in instructions execution
5. What is data hazard
6. Define stall insertion
7. Explain code reordering
8. Discuss how
a. Word is fetched from memory
b. Word is stored in memory
9. Explain with an example the steps required for executing a complete instructions.
10. Describe the block diagram of hardwired control organizations.
11. Explain the basic organization of microprogrammed control unit
12. Differentiate between hard wired control unit and microprogrammed control
13. Explain the types of microprogrammed control unit
14. Explain different types of pipeline in detail
15. Describe the role of cache memory in pipeline system
16. Discuss about instruction pipeline
17. Describe about data hazard.
18. Briefly explain the types of pipeline hazard
19. Explain the concept of operand forwarding in handling data wizards
20. Explain about instruction/control hazards
21. Discuss the influence of pipelining and instruction set design
22. Explain the methods for dealing with instructions hazards
23. Discuss about pipeline data path and control.

Unit 4
1. What is semiconductor
2. Define main memory
3. Compare main memory and auxiliary memory
4. Define ROM
5. What is cache memory mention its advantages
6. State the advantages of virtual memory
7. What do you mean by locality of reference
8. Define memory access time
9. Define transfer rate
10. Define snooping protocol
11. What is the use of EEPROM
12. What is memory management
13. List 3 secondary storage devices
14. What is meant by memory? Explain how data transfer takes place between
memory and processor
15. Discuss about types of semiconductor memory
16. Explain architecture of RAM
17. Discuss about various types of ROM.
18. Give the detailed picture of memory hierarchy with respect to speed cost and
size
19. Describe briefly the following terms
a. Locality of reference
b. Replacement algorithm
 c. Write update policies
20. Write short note on performance consideration of memory
21. Explain the various methods mapping by techniques associated with cache
memories.
22. Explain how the virtual address is converted into real address in a page virtual
memory system
23. What are the requirements of memory management
24. What is virtual memory? What are the advantages and disadvantages of virtual
memory
25. Discuss about optical devices
26. Explain the mechanism in magnetic tape system
Unit 5
1. Define interrupt
2. What are the advantages of DMA
3. Explained time interrupt
4. Define PCI bus
5. What are the 4 commands that an interface can receive
6. Difference between parallel port and serial port
7. What is bus arbitration
8. Explain about accessing I/O devices
9. What is an interrupt? Explain the need of interrupt with example
10. Explain how interrupts can be enabled and disabled
11. Describe the hardware mechanism for handling multiple interrupt request
12. Discuss different type of interrupts
13. Discuss about DMA controller with the help of neat diagram
14. What is the bus arbitration? What are the approaches of bus arbitration
15. Explain in detail about centralised bus arbitration
16. Explain advantages and disadvantages of DMA
17. What is synchronous bus. Explain in detail about it
18. Explain about multiple cycle transfer operations in synchronous bus
19. Differentiate between synchronous and asynchronous bus
20. Discuss about parallel ports
21. Explain about serial port in an I/O interface circuit
22. Explain about standard I/O interfaces
23. Explain how data transfer is performed in peripheral component interconnect
(PCI) bus
24. Discuss about SCSI bus in detail
25. Explain the operation of the SSCI bus with a complete disk operation as an
example
26. Describe the USB architecture with the help of a neat diagram