Introduction to Operating Systems Final

Term Multiple Choices Revise

What causes thrashing in memory management?
a. Too many files open
b. Corrupt page table
c. Excessive page faults and swapping
d. High CPU usage

What is demand paging?

a. Preloading all pages at start
b. Loading pages into memory when they are referenced
c. Swapping entire programs
d. Avoiding paging completely

Which of the following handles memory allocation?

a. File system
b. Memory manager
c. Compiler
d. Scheduler

Which page replacement algorithm is theoretically optimal?

a. Optimal
b. Clock
c. FIFO
d. LRU

Which of the following is true about threads?

a. Threads have no CPU time
b. Each thread runs in a different process
c. Threads share code and data within a process
d. Threads cannot be scheduled

Which mechanism is used to handle deadlock detection?

a. Semaphore
b. Wait-for graph
c. LRU
d. Mutex

What is the typical page size in modern systems?

a. 4 KB
b. 512 bytes
c. 1 KB
d. 1 MB

What kind of memory management divides memory into equal-sized

chunks?
a. Segmentation
b. Stack allocation
c. Paging
d. Virtual allocation

Which file system is commonly used in Linux?

a. NTFS
b. ext4
c. FAT32
d. HFS+

Which of the following is not a state of a process?

a. New
b. Executed
c. Terminated
d. Waiting

Which memory model separates logical memory into code, stack, and
data?
a. Paging
b. Queueing
c. Threading
d. Segmentation

What is a zombie process?

a. A running process
b. A kernel thread
c. A background daemon
d. A terminated process waiting for its parent

Which of the following is true about virtual memory?

a. It reduces hard disk usage.
b. It gives processes the illusion of more memory.
c. It increases physical RAM.
d. It is only available on Linux.

What does the term "critical section" refer to?

a. System initialization code
b. Code section that accesses shared resources
c. Part of memory shared by all processes
d. Kernel mode memory

Which component detects and responds to hardware interrupts?

a. Dispatcher
b. Linker
c. Interrupt handler
d. Shell

Which of these best prevents multiple threads from accessing a resource

simultaneously?
a. Timer
b. Page fault
c. Semaphore
d. File system lock

Which one is a non-preemptive scheduling algorithm?

a. Priority (with preemption)
b. Multilevel feedback queue
c. SJF
d. Round Robin

How does a thread differ from a process?

a. Threads don’t have execution context
b. Processes run faster
c. Threads share memory, processes do not
d. Threads need more resources

Which file system is used by Windows?

a. FAT32
b. NTFS
c. ext4
d. XFS

Which data structure is used for memory allocation tracking?

a. Stack
b. Queue
c. Tree
d. Bitmap

What is virtual memory?

a. Memory on the hard disk used as RAM
b. Memory allocated only to threads
c. Reserved GPU memory
d. Additional ROM

Which part of process memory grows dynamically?

a. Heap
b. BSS
c. Stack
d. Text

What is the function of the OS shell?

a. Manage file encryption
b. Provide an interface for user commands
c. Display system boot logs
d. Handle memory management

What does a context switch involve?

a. Changing hardware drivers.
b. Resetting the operating system.
c. Switching user accounts.
d. Saving and loading process states.
What is time-sharing in operating systems?
a. Backing up data
b. Assigning time for disk access
c. Allocating CPU time slices to multiple users
d. Reducing RAM consumption

What does the exec() system call do?

a. Frees memory
b. Ends a process
c. Creates a new thread
d. Replaces current process memory with a new program

Which signal is sent by default with kill?

a. SIGSTOP
b. SIGKILL
c. SIGINT
d. SIGTERM

What causes segmentation fault?

a. Lack of RAM
b. Reading a protected file
c. Accessing invalid memory
d. CPU overheating

Which component handles process scheduling in an OS?

a. Scheduler
b. File system
c. Page table
d. Semaphore

How does an OS enforce access protection?

a. Through address binding
b. Using memory segmentation and paging
c. Using CPU cache
d. Blocking all I/O

Which memory management scheme can lead to external fragmentation?

a. Segmentation
b. Dynamic linking
c. Paging
d. Stack allocation

What’s the main goal of using virtual memory?

a. Increase RAM speed
b. Reduce disk usage
c. Allow programs to use more memory than physically available
d. Encrypt process memory

Why are signals used in Unix systems?

a. To notify a process of an event or exception
b. To close file descriptors
c. To detect user permissions
d. To delay disk writing

Which scheduling is best for short processes?

a. Priority
b. SJF
c. FCFS
d. Round Robin

What happens in a trap?

a. A hardware-generated interrupt
b. A software-generated interrupt
c. A user logoff
d. A power failure
Which of the following helps prevent race conditions?
a. Virtual memory
b. Paging
c. Semaphores
d. I/O buffering

What is the main purpose of I/O buffering?

a. Improve data transfer efficiency
b. Reduce CPU usage
c. Manage interrupt tables
d. Store logs

How are system calls implemented?

a. Using loops
b. Through interrupts and trap instructions
c. In hardware
d. As shell commands
Which algorithm replaces the least recently used page?
a. LRU
b. Clock
c. OPT
d. FIFO

Which OS component keeps track of all running processes?

a. File system
b. Kernel
c. PCB
d. Scheduler

Which of the following is a valid process state?

a. Swap
b. Blocked
c. Latent
d. Idle

In Round Robin, what is the time quantum?

a. Execution deadline
b. Page replacement counter
c. Fixed CPU time per process
d. Priority level

Which of the following best defines mutual exclusion?

a. Allowing only one process access to a critical section at a time
b. Sharing memory between processes
c. Disabling interrupts
d. Allocating disk space

What is the role of the dispatcher?

a. Restarts failed processes
b. Manages files
c. Controls network access
d. Transfers CPU control to the selected process

Which of the following allocates memory in paging?

a. Fixed-sized blocks called frames
b. Contiguous memory
c. Non-contiguous disks
 d. Variable-sized segments

What is the purpose of the wait() system call?

a. Waits for a child process to terminate
b. Delays an interrupt
c. Suspends a file
d. Starts a new thread

Which mechanism supports user-kernel mode switching?

a. wait
b. exec
c. Fork
d. Trap

What is the default shell in most Linux distributions?

a. fish
b. zsh
c. tcsh
d. bash

How does the OS handle a terminated process with unreleased resources?

a. Frees memory immediately
b. Reboots the system
c. Marks it as a zombie
d. Converts it to a daemon

What is the function of a device driver?

a. Create directories
b. Prevent interrupts
c. Translate OS commands into hardware-specific actions
d. Increase memory

What is the main role of the CPU scheduler in an operating system?

a. Selecting processes to execute on the CPU.
b. Allocating memory to processes.
c. Formatting hard drives.
d. Managing I/O devices.
 What is starvation in process scheduling?
a. A process consuming too much CPU
b. A page fault
c. A process stuck in a ready queue indefinitely
d. A process with high priority

What type of OS is used in embedded systems?

a. Batch
b. Time-sharing
c. Real-time
d. General purpose

Why are system calls needed?

a. To allow user programs to request services from the OS
b. To shut down the computer
c. To print output
d. To write loops

Which condition is necessary for deadlock to occur?

a. Mutual exclusion
b. Interrupts
c. Swapping
d. Paging

Which process state comes immediately after creation?

a. Running
b. Terminated
c. Ready
d. Blocked

What does the fork() system call do?

a. Creates a child process.
b. Terminates a thread.
c. Reads input from the user.
d. Loads a program from disk.
 Which process scheduling algorithm is based on aging?
a. Round Robin
b. Multilevel Feedback Queue
c. SJF
d. FCFS

Which system call loads a new program into current process memory?
Select one:
a. exec()
b. fork()
c. open()
d. exit()