A PROJECT REPORT ON

IOT Based Smart Irrigation System

SUBMITTED TO
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,
MUMBAI IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DIPLOMA
CERTIFICATE

DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER

ENGINEERING

BY

TANMOR SALONI SANSKAR

TANDALE ARYAN RAJU

Under the guidance of

Prof. Sanjay Jagtap

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Bhivarabai Sawant Polytechnic
Gate No. 720 (1 & 2) Wagholi, Pune Nagar
RoadPune-412207

(Academic Year- 2024-2025)

 JAYAWANT SHIKSHAN PRASARAK MANDAL

Bhivarabai Sawant
Polytechnic
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Govt. of Maharashtra, Affiliated to MSBTE
Mumbai)
Gate No. 720 (1 & 2) Wagholi, Pune Nagaí Road, Pune-412207
Phone: 020-67335107 ľele Fax: (020)-67335100
E-mail: bspoly@íediffmail.com Website: www.jspm.edu.in

ANEXXURE II
Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project

Academic Year : 2024-25 Name of the Faculty : Prof. Sanjay Jagtap

Course : Management Course code : 22509 Semester : VI
Title of the project: IOT Based Smart Irrigation System
COs addressed by Micro Project:
A: Use basic management principles to execute daily
activities.
B: Use principles of planning and organizing for
accomplishment of tasks.
C: Use principles of directing and controlling for
implementing the plans.
D: Apply principles of safety management in all activities.
E: Understand various provisions of
industrial acts.
Practical outcome:
(a) Unit outcomes in Cognitive domain:
(c) Outcomes in Affective domain: ……………………………………………………………………………
Comments/suggestions about team work /leadership/inter-personal
communication (ifany)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Marks out of 4
Marks out of 6
for
for
performance in Total
Rol performance in
oral/ out
l Student Name group activity
presentation of 10
No (D5 Col.8)
(D5 Col.9)
50 TANMOR SALONI SANSKAR
47 TANDALE ARYAN RAJU

(Name and Signature of Faculty)

 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION
Bhivarabai Sawant Polytechnic,
Wagholi(0710)

Program Name : Computer Engineering

Course Name and Code : Management

Academic Year : 2024-25

Semester : Sixth
MICRO PROJECTON
IoT Based Smart Irrigation System

Submitted on 2024 by the student.

Roll No. Name Enrollment No.
50 TANMOR SALONI SANSKAR 2207100799
47 TANDALE ARYAN RAJU 2207100
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION

This is to certify that Student of CO(C)- TANMOR SALONI SANSKAR, Roll

No: 50, CO(B) – TANDALE ARYAN RAJU, Roll No: 47 of 6th Semester of

Diploma in Computer Engineering of Institute – Bhivarabai Sawant

Polytechnic (Code: 0710) has completed Micro Project satisfactorily in

the subject – MANAGEMENT for Academic Year 2024-25 as prescribed in

the curriculum.

Place: Pune
Date:

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

 JAYAWANT SHIKSHAN PRASARAK MANDAL
Bhivarabai Sawant Polytechnic
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Govt. of Maharashtra, Affiliated to MSBTE Mumbai)
Gate No. 720 (1 & 2) Wagholi, Pune Nagaí Road, Pune-412207
Phone: 020-67335107 ľele Fax: (020)-67335100
E-mail: bspoly@íediffmail.com Website: www.jspm.edu.in

Vision and Mission of the Institute

Vision:
To develop globally competent technocrats by imparting quality technical education
for socio-economic enhancement of the nation.

Mission:
M1: To nurture and maintain an environment of high academic standard for diploma
students, encouraging higher education and entrepreneurial abilities.

M2: To deliver quality education by imparting basic engineering knowledge,

interpersonal skills, critical thinking and creativity.

M3: To equip students with technical skills, ethical and moral values to meet
aspirations of the society and industry to contribute sustainable development of the
nation.
 JAYAWANT SHIKSHAN PRASARAK MANDAL
Bhivarabai Sawant Polytechnic
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Govt. of Maharashtra, Affiliated to MSBTE Mumbai)
Gate No. 720 (1 & 2) Wagholi, Pune Nagaí Road, Pune-412207
Phone: 020-67335107 ľele Fax: (020)-67335100
E-mail: bspoly@íediffmail.com Website: www.jspm.edu.in

Computer Engineering Department

Academic Year: 2024-2025

Vision

To develop technical manpower in the field of computer engineering to contribute the

Socio-industrial requirement.

Mission

M1: To develop techno-savvy engineers by imparting comprehensive computer engineering

knowledge by innovative teaching and learning process.

M2: To develop professional skills committed for lifelong learning through co-curricular and extra
curricular activities.

M3: To impart Computer Engineering education in order to meet societal and industry needs.

Course Coordinator Module Coordinator HOD

 JAYAWANT SHIKSHAN PRASARAK MANDAL
Bhivarabai Sawant Polytechnic
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Govt. of Maharashtra, Affiliated to MSBTE Mumbai)
Gate No. 720 (1 & 2) Wagholi, Pune Nagar Road, Pune-412207
Phone: 020-67335107 tele Fax: (020)-67335100
E-mail: bspoly@íediffmail.com Website: www.jspm.edu.in

Micro Project Plan

Wee Sign of
Date Work or activity Performed the
k Duration
Guide
No. in hours

1 One hour Group discussion

2 One hour Searching of real life task

3 One hour Selection of micro project topic

4 One hour Gathering of information and application of it

5 One hour Group discussion

6 One hour Distribution of work to be done

7 One hour Preparing the overview of the project

8 One hour Gathering the details

9 One hour Coding / implementing programs

10 One hour Running the code

11 One hour Debugging the error

12 One hour Group discussion

13 One hour Gathering the data

14 One hour Modifying the code

15 One hour Finalizing code

16 One hour Preparing report

 INDEX

SR. NO. CONTENT PAGE

1 Abstract 1

2 Introduction 2

3 Hardware and Software Requirement 3

4 Narrative 4

5 Advantages and Disadvantages 6

6 Features 7

7 Implementation 9

8 Working with Smart Irrigation System using 13

IoT
9 Conclusion 15

10 References

1
 IOT Based Smart Irrigation System

CHAPTER 1
ABSTRACT

The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming the agriculture industry and enabling
farmers to content with enormous challenges they face. Livestock monitoring, conservation
monitoring and plant & soil monitoring are the challenges where IoT can be a solution. The
innovative IoT applications address the issues in agriculture and increase the quality, quantity,
sustainability and cost effectiveness of agricultural production.

Decision making is done through microcontroller. User is acknowledged about the field
when there is any deviation from the expected values via text message. Along with soil
parameters, plant pest detection is also included in this project. This ensures the complete
system health.

Automation of farm activities can transform agricultural domain from being

manual and static to intelligent and dynamic leading to higher production with lesser
human supervision. Microcontroller ATMEGA328P on Arduino Uno platform is used to
implement the control unit. The setup uses soil moisture sensors which measure the exact
moisture level in soil. This value enables the system to use appropriate quantity of water
which avoids over/under irrigation.

IOT is used to keep the farmers updated about the status of sprinklers. Information from the
sensors is regularly updated on a webpage using GSM-GPRS SIM900A modem through
which a farmer can check whether the water sprinklers are ON/OFF at any given time. Also,
the sensor readings are transmitted to a Thing speak channel to generate graphs for analysis.

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CHAPTER 2

INTRODUCTION
Agriculture is the unquestionably the largest livelihood provider in India Currently,
agriculture accounts 83% of the total water consumption in India.

[1]. Unplanned use of water inadvertently results in wastage of water. This suggests that
there is an urgent need to develop systems that prevent water wastage without imposing
pressure on farmers. Over the past 15 years, farmers started using computers and software
systems to organize their financial data and keep track of their transactions with third
parties and also monitor their crops more effectively .

[2]. In the Internet era, where information plays a key role in people’s lives, agriculture is
rapidly becoming a very data intensive industry where farmers

Need to collect and evaluate a huge amount of information from a diverse number of
devices (e.g. sensors, faming machinery etc.) In order to become more efficient in
production and communicating appropriate information.

[3]. With the advent of open source Arduino boards along with cheap moisture
sensors, it is viable to create devices that can monitor the soil moisture content and
accordingly irrigating the fields or the landscape as an when needed. The proposed system
makes use of microcontroller ATMEGA328P on Arduino Uno platform and IOT
which enable farmers to remotely monitor the status of sprinklers installed on the farm
by knowing the sensor values.

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CHAPTER 3
HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

✓ Hardware Requirement:

I. i3 Processor Based Computer or higher

II. Memory: 1 GB RAM III. Hard Drive: 50 GB
III. Arduino UNO Board
IV. Soil Moisture Sensor
V. Wi-Fi Module ESP8266

✓ Software Requirement:

I. Windows 10
II. Microsoft Word
III. Internet

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CHAPTER 4
NARRATIVE
Problem Statement

In the case of traditional irrigation system water saving is not considered. Since, the
water is irrigated directly in the land, plants under go high stress from variation in
soil moisture, therefore plant appearance is reduced. The absence of automatic controlling of
the system result in improper water control system. The major reason for these limitations is
the growth of population which is increasing at a faster rate.

Motivation

The purposes of our smart water irrigation system are to provide a water delivering
schedule to the crops to ensure all the crops have enough water for their healthy growth, to
reduce the amount of water wasted in irrigation, and to minimize the economic cost for the
users.

Project Goal

The Project ‘Smart Irrigation System’ is used for the optimization use of water in
agricultural field without the intervention of farmer by using soil moisture Sensor that senses
the moisture content of the Soil using Microcontroller that turn ON/OFF the pump
automatically according to the need of water for irrigation and hence helpful in saving water.
This system is quite affordable and feasible. This system of irrigation is also helpful in the
region where there is scarcity of water and improves their sustainability. And can also
be adjusted according to the need of varieties of crop to be irrigated.

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Objectives of the Project

The main objectives of the project are:

Water is one of the essential elements of human existence. It is not always possible to get water
supply from natural sources. Here comes the application of irrigation supply. Irrigation is the
man-made means of supplying water. The main objectives of irrigation supply are given below.

• Ensure enough moisture essential for plant growth.

• Provide crop insurance against short duration drought.
• Cool the soil and atmosphere to provide a suitable surrounding.
• Wash out or dilute harmful salt, chemicals of the soil.
• Reduce hazards of soil piping.
• Soften the tillage pan.

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CHAPTER 5
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES
• Simple and efficient
• Conserves water used for irrigation
• Accurate sensing
• Low maintenance cost
• Acknowledging user about the field

DISADVANTAGES
• The systems can be very expensive.
• Self-help compatibility is very low with big-scale systems, which are very
complex.
• Most automated irrigation systems need electricity.
• For crops like rice we cannot use this same project because of excess need of
water.
• We will use DTMF technique in the fields where large amount of water is
needed.

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CHAPTER 6
FEATURES

An IoT based irrigation system is for efficient agricultural management system

which enables farmers to contend with challenges they face. There are many
applications in IoT, which addresses the major problems like soil moisture detection,
water conservation management, crop growth monitoring, etc.,

This project enables better and smarter irrigation through temperature, humidity and
other sensors networked to communicate with the user. For farmers and growers,
Internet of Things has provided extremely productive ways to cultivate soil with the
use of cheap, easy to-install sensors and an abundance of insightful data they offer.

SOIL MOISTURE:
Soil moisture is the water that is held in the spaces between soil particles. The root
zone soil moisture is the water that is available to the plants, which is generally
considered to be in the upper 200 cm of soil. Moisture is fundamental importance to
many hydrological, biological and biogeochemical process. The proposed system
includes soil moisture measurement as the main module. Irrigation to the field and
acknowledgement to the user are done based on the water content in the soil.

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF SOIL:

Electrical conductivity (EC) is a measurement of the dissolved material in an aqueous
solution, which relates to the ability of the material to conduct electric current through
it. EC is measured in units called Siemen’s per unit area. Higher the dissolved
materials in the soil, higher the EC will be in it. Similar to EC, pH of the soil
measures the acidity of the soil based on hydrogen ion concentration in it. The pH of
the soil ranges on a logarithmic scale from 1-14, where pH 1-6 are acidic, pH 7 is
neutral, pH 8-14 are basic.

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 IOT Based Smart Irrigation System

TEMPERATURE:
Temperature is another parameter that is measured in this project. This value helps in
conservation of water used for irrigation. Even though the soil moisture is less, if the
temperature is not too high then the irrigation to the crop can be limited. This is
because many plants can withstand low moisture conditions when the temperature is
moderate.

CONTROLLING UNIT:
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and
software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a
button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning
on an LED, publishing something online. The board can be activated by sending a set
of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. The Arduino programming
language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software (IDE), based on Processing
must be used for implementation. The moisture and temperature sensed by the sensors
are processed in the Arduino Uno microcontroller. When the values are beyond the
threshold value, then the controller does the defined job.

MOISTURE SENSOR:
Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in soil. Since the direct
gravimetric measurement of free soil moisture requires removing, drying, and
weighting of a sample, soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content
indirectly by using some other property of the soil, such as electrical resistance,
dielectric constant, or interaction with neutrons, as a proxy for the moisture content.
Reflected microwave radiation is affected by the soil moisture and is used for remote
sensing in hydrology and agriculture.

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CHAPTER 7
IMPLEMENTATION
In India, agriculture in villages plays an essential role in developing the
country. Basically, agriculture depends on the monsoons which have not enough
water source. To overcome this problem, the irrigation system is employed in the field
of agriculture. In this system, based on the soil type, the water will be provided to the
agricultural field.

In agriculture, there are two things, namely, the moisture content of the soil as
well as the fertility of the soil. At the present time, there are several types of
techniques available for irrigation to reduce the need for rain. This type of technique
is driven by on/off schedule using electrical power. This article discusses the
implementation of a smart irrigation system using IoT.

Arduino Based Smart Irrigation System using IoT

The hardware and software requirements of this project include Arduino UNO, soil
moisture sensor, Wi-Fi module ESP8266, Arduino CC (IDE), Android studio, and
MySQL, etc.

What is IoT?

The term “IoT” stands for the internet of things, can be defined as the interconnection
between the individually identifiable embedded computing apparatus in the accessible
internet infrastructure. The ‘IoT’ connects various devices and transportations with a
help of internet as well as electronic sensors. Please refer to this link to know more
about Experts Opinion on Application of Internet of Things (IoT) in Future.

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 IOT Based Smart Irrigation System

Arduino UNO Board

The Arduino UNO is one of the most used microcontrollers in the industry. It is very
easy to handle, convenient, and use. The coding of this microcontroller is very simple. The
program of this microcontroller is considered as unstable due to the flash memory technology.
The applications of this microcontroller involve a wide range of applications like security,
home appliances, remote sensors, and industrial automation. This microcontroller has the
ability to be joined on the internet and perform as a server too. Please refer to this link to know
more about what are the Different Types of Arduino Boards.

Arduino UNO Board

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 IOT Based Smart Irrigation System

Soil Moisture Sensor

Soil moisture sensor is one kind of sensor used to detect the soil moisture content. This sensor
has two outputs like the analog output as well as the digital output.
The digital o/p is permanent and the analog o/p threshold can be changed. The working
principle of soil moisture sensor is open & short circuit concept. Here the LED gives an
indication when the output is high or low.

When the condition of the soil is dried up, the flow of current will not flow through it. So it
works like an open circuit. Therefore the o/p will be maximized. When the soil condition is
soaked, the flow of current pass from one terminal to the other. So it works like a closed circuit.
Therefore the o/p will be zero.

Here sensor is coated with platinum, and anti-rust to make higher efficiency as well as long
life. The sensing range is also high which will pay for the farmer at a minimum cost.

Soil Moisture Sensor

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 IOT Based Smart Irrigation System

Wi-Fi Module ESP8266

The Wi-Fi module ESP8266 is a low-cost module, used to interface the microprocessors. It has
a 96 KB of data RAM as well as a 64KB of instruction RAM.

Wi-Fi Module ESP8266

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CHAPTER 8

Working with Smart Irrigation System using IoT

In the agriculture field, sensors are used like soil moisture. The information received
from the sensors is sent to the Database folder through the Android device. In the control
section, the system is activated using the application, this is finished using the ON/OFF buttons
in the application. Also, this system is automatically activated when the soil moisture is low,
the pump is switched ON based on the moisture content.

The application has a feature like taking some time from the user and water the
agriculture field when the time comes. In this system, there is a switch used to turn off the
water supply if the system fails. Other parameters such as the moisture sensor demonstrate the
threshold price and the level of water in the soil.

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 IOT Based Smart Irrigation System

Smart Irrigation System using IoT

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 IOT Based Smart Irrigation System

CHAPTER 9
CONCLUSION

This project presents the design of an IoT based automatic irrigation system. The
proposed system can reduce the efforts of farmers and provides high yield. It also conserves
water for irrigation by locating the sensor at the right position above the soil level. This work
have shown that plants can still sustain at low moisture level when the temperature is moderate.
Analyzing more than one parameter has made this system an efficient one for managing the
field.

In this manner we are increasing the system which able to control the agriculture
monitoring in fields where the human being not capable to provide security. Such system we
are developing in the field where the crops are costly are monitored and all the climatic
conditions are well maintained important. In this area we are provide such kind of system.

Thus, this effective and reliable system helps in agriculture monitoring. Apart from the
main objective, the system also helps in reducing the global warming to a great extent. The
natural habit of plants is prevented indirectly. The plants can also be protected from fire by
using this system. This in turn helps in reducing crop destruction. Thereby, the ecological
balance is maintained.

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CHAPTER 10

REFERENCES

1. Yick, Jennifer, Biswanath Mukherjee, and Dipak Ghosal. "Wireless sensor

network survey." Computer networks 52.12 (2008): 2292- 2330.

2. Tubaishat, M., & Madria, S. (2003). Sensor networks: an overview. IEEE

potentials, 22(2), 20-23.

3. Yang, L. D. (2011). Implementation of a wireless sensor network with

EZ430-RF2500 development tools and MSP430FG4618/F2013
experimenter boards from Texas instruments.

4. Lozano, C., & Rodriguez, O. (2011). Design of forest fire early detection
system using wireless sensor networks. Electronics and Electrical
Engineering, 3(2), 402-405.

5. Nakamura, F. G., Quintão, F. P., Menezes, G. C., & Mateus, G. R. (2005,

April). An optimal node scheduling for flat wireless sensor networks. In
International Conference on Networking (pp. 475-482). Springer, Berlin,
Heidelberg.

6. Kovács, Z. G., Marosy, G. E., & Horváth, G. (2010, October). Case

study of a simple, low power WSN implementation for forest monitoring.
In 2010 12th Biennial Baltic Electronics Conference (pp. 161-164). IEEE.

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