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11.economic Load Dispatch

The document outlines an experiment aimed at determining the optimum power generation dispatch using MATLAB, focusing on minimizing fuel costs while meeting system load demands. It details the economic dispatch theory, procedure for executing the MATLAB program, and presents a problem involving three generating units to meet an 850 MW load. The results include iterations showing generation outputs and fuel costs, concluding with a successful economic dispatch solution verified through MATLAB.

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Vijaya Ragavan
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
2 views10 pages

11.economic Load Dispatch

The document outlines an experiment aimed at determining the optimum power generation dispatch using MATLAB, focusing on minimizing fuel costs while meeting system load demands. It details the economic dispatch theory, procedure for executing the MATLAB program, and presents a problem involving three generating units to meet an 850 MW load. The results include iterations showing generation outputs and fuel costs, concluding with a successful economic dispatch solution verified through MATLAB.

Uploaded by

Vijaya Ragavan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Expt.

No:
Date:
ECONOMIC LOAD DISPATCH

AIM
To determine the optimum dispatch of power generation to the load in MATLAB.
THEORY
The purpose of economic dispatch is to reduce fuel costs for the power system and at the
same time total demand and losses at any instant must be met by the total generation. When
transmission distance is very small and load density is very high, transmission losses may be
neglected and the optimal dispatch of generation is achieved with all plant operating at equal
incremental production cost.
The economic dispatch problem is to minimize the overall generation cost C i which is the
function of planned output.
ng
F   ai Pi2  bi Pi  ci
i 1

PROCEDURE
1. Enter the command window of the MATLAB.
2. Create a new M – file by selecting File - New – M – File
3. Type and save the program in the editor window.
4. Execute the program by either pressing Tools – Run.
5. View the results.
PROBLEM
Determine the economic generation schedule of three generating units in a power system to meet
the system load of 850 MW. The data of the generating units are given below:
Operating limits: 150 MW ≤ P1 ≤ 600MW
100 MW ≤ P2 ≤ 400MW
50 MW ≤ P3 ≤ 200MW
F1 (P1 ) = 0.00128 P1 2 + 6.48 P1 + 459
F2 (P2 ) = 0.00194 P2 2 + 7.85 P2 + 310
F3 (P3 ) = 0.00428 P3 2 + 7.97 P3 + 78. Neglect transmission loss.
PROGRAM
clc
clear all
%ELD data
ng=3;
pmin=[150 100 50];
pmax=[600 400 200];
abc=[0.00128 6.48 459
0.001940 7.85 310
0.004280 7.97 78];
pdemand=850;
lamda=max(abc(:,2))+2;
tol=0.1;
%Iteration begins
sign=0;
iter=0;
dellamda=0.5;
PG=zeros(ng,1);
PG_old=PG;
powbal=0;
while powbal==0
iter=iter+1;
sol=0;
while sol==0
PG_old=PG;
lamda0=lamda;
sign0=sign;
for i=1:ng
temp=0.0;
temp=temp+(1-((abc(i,2))/lamda));
PG(i)=temp/(((2.0*abc(i,1))/lamda));
end
for i=1:ng
if PG(i)<=pmin(i)
PG(i)=pmin(i);
elseif PG(i)>=pmax(i)
PG(i)=pmax(i);
end
end
%check for convergence
diff=max(abs(PG-PG_old));
if diff(1)>=tol
sol=0;
else
sol=1;
end
end
total_pgen=sum(PG);
%Check for convergence
error=total_pgen-pdemand;
if abs(error)<=tol
powbal=1;
else
powbal=0;
if error<0
sign=0;
if sign==sign0
lamda=lamda+dellamda;
else
dellamda=dellamda/2.0;
lamda=lamda+dellamda;
end
elseif error>0
sign=1;
if sign==sign0
lamda=lamda-dellamda;
else
dellamda=dellamda/2.0;
lamda=lamda-dellamda;
end
end
end
fprintf('\nIter:%d',iter);
fprintf('\nError:%8.4f',error);
fprintf('\nGeneration:');
fprintf('\n%8.4f',PG);
fprintf('\n---------------');
end
fuel_cost=0.0;
for i=1:ng
fuel_cost=fuel_cost+(abc(i,1)*PG(i)*PG(i)+abc(i,2)*PG(i)+abc(i,3
));
end
total_pgen=sum(PG);
fprintf('\n no. of iter:%4d',iter);
fprintf('\npdemand:%6.2f',pdemand);
fprintf('\nTotal geneation:%6.2f',total_pgen);
fprintf('\nlambda%f',lamda);
fprintf('\nGeneration:');
fprintf('\n%8.4f',PG);
fprintf('\nfuel cost:%9.4f\n', fuel_cost);

OUTPUT
Iter:1
Error:350.0000
Generation:
600.0000
400.0000
200.0000
---------------
Iter:2
Error:350.0000
Generation:
600.0000
400.0000
200.0000
---------------
Iter:3
Error:325.2336
Generation:
600.0000
400.0000
175.2336
---------------
Iter:4
Error:249.1208
Generation:
600.0000
353.0928
146.0280
---------------
Iter:5
Error:155.4822
Generation:
600.0000
288.6598
116.8224
---------------
Iter:6
Error: 61.8436
Generation:
600.0000
224.2268
87.6168
---------------
Iter:7
Error:-31.7950
Generation:
600.0000
159.7938
58.4112
---------------
Iter:8
Error: 15.0243
Generation:
600.0000
192.0103
73.0140
---------------
Iter:9
Error: -8.3853
Generation:
600.0000
175.9021
65.7126
---------------
Iter:10
Error: 3.3195
Generation:
600.0000
183.9562
69.3633
---------------
Iter:11
Error: -2.5329
Generation:
600.0000
179.9291
67.5380
---------------
Iter:12
Error: 0.3933
Generation:
600.0000
181.9427
68.4506
---------------
Iter:13
Error: -1.0698
Generation:
600.0000
180.9359
67.9943
---------------
Iter:14
Error: -0.3383
Generation:
600.0000
181.4393
68.2225
---------------
Iter:15
Error: 0.3933
Generation:
600.0000
181.9427
68.4506
---------------
Iter:16
Error: 0.0275
Generation:
600.0000
181.6910
68.3366
---------------
no. of iter: 16
pdemand:850.00
Total geneation:850.03
lambda8.554961
Generation:
600.0000
181.6910
68.3366
fuel cost:7250.7461
FOR PRACTICE
1. Write a MATLAB program for determine the economic generation schedules of three
generating units in a power system to meet the system load of 850 MW, using direct method.
The data of the generating units are given below. Fuel cost function (In Rs/hr) for three
thermal units are given by,
F1 (P1 ) = 0.001562 P1 2 + 7.92 P1 + 561
F2 (P2 ) = 0.00194 P2 2 + 7.85 P2 + 310
F3 (P3 ) = 0.00482 P3 2 + 7.97 P3 + 78
Operating limits: 150 MW ≤ PG1 ≤ 600 MW
100 MW ≤ PG2 ≤ 400 MW
50 MW ≤ PG3 ≤ 200 MW
2. To write a MATLAB program to determine the fuel cost functions (in Rs/hr) for three thermal
units given by,
F1 (P1 ) = 0.004 P1 2 + 5.3 P1 +500
F2 (P2 ) = 0.006 P2 2 + 5.5 P2 +400
F3 (P3 ) = 0.009 P3 2 + 5.8 P3 +200
Where P1 , P2 and P3 are in MW. The total load is 800 MW. Neglecting line losses and
generator limits, find the optimal dispatch and total cost by Lambda iteration method.
RESULT
Thus the economic dispatch solution by lambda iteration method was obtained and the
output was verified using MATLAB.

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