An Industrial Exposure Project

Report
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
Award of degree of BBA

2020 — 2023

Submitted by: Guided by:

AASHRAY TOMAR Dr. AJAY SAHNI
0201BBA307 (INTERNAL GUIDE)
BBA-6F
 Bharati Vidyapeeth
(Deemed to be University)
Institute of Management & Research, New Delhi
A Grade Status Awarded by MHRD, Govt of India, Reaccredited with Grade A+ by
NAAC,
An ISO 9001:2015 14001:2015 Certified Institute
A-4, PaschimVihar, New Delhi – 110063 (Ph.: 011-25284396 Fax: 011-25286442)

Ref No. Date:

CERTIFICATE FROM GUIDE

This is to certify that the “INDUSTRIAL EXPOSURE PROJECT REPORT” Submitted to

Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Institute of Management and
Research, New Delhi in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the BBA
degree is an original work carried out by “Aashray Tomar” under my guidance.To the
best of my knowledge and belief the matter embodied in this project is genuine work
done by the student and has been submitted neither to this University nor to any
other University for the fulfilment of the requirement of the course of study.

Dr. Ajay Sahni

(Assistant Professor)
 Bharati Vidyapeeth
(Deemed to be University)
Institute of Management & Research, New Delhi
A Grade Status Awarded by MHRD, Govt of India, Reaccredited with Grade A+ by NAAC,
An ISO 9001:2015 14001:2015 Certified Institute
A-4, PaschimVihar, New Delhi – 110063 (Ph.: 011-25284396 Fax: 011-25286442)
___________________________________________________________________________
Ref No. Date:

CERTIFICATE FROM DIRECTOR

This is to certify that the “INDUSTRIAL EXPOSURE PROJECT REPORT” is an

academic work done by “Aashray Tomar” submitted in partial fulfilment of the
requirement, for the award of the Degree of BBAfrom Bharati Vidyapeeth(Deemed to
be University), Pune. It has been completed under the guidance of “Dr. Ajay Sahni”.
The authenticity of the project work will be examined by the viva-voce examiner,
which includes data verification, checking duplicity of information etc., and it may be
rejected due to nonfulfillment of quality standards set by the Institute.

Dr. Yamini Agarwal

Director
 INDEX

S.NO Particulars Page

No.
1. Unit I ( Service organization)-ZOMATO
Chapter-1-Introduction
A. Overview of the service sector and its contribution in
the economy
B. Overview of the industry and its contribution in the
service sector
Chapter-2- About the Company
A. Profile of the Company
B. History of the Company
C. Vision and mission statement of the Company
D. Key competitors of the Company
E. Organizational structure
Chapter-3- Marketing Strategies of the
A. Introduction about the marketing strategies
B. Seven P's of the Marketing
i. Product
ii. Price
iii. Place
iv. Promotion
v. People
vi. Process
vii. Physical evidences
2. Unit 2 ( Industrial visit report)
3. Unit 3 & 4(Manufacturing industry)
4. Unit 5 ( Trade organization)
5. Record for Journal maintained
 Unit-1
Service Organization
(Zomato)

Chapter-1-Introduction
A. Overview of the service sector and its contribution in the
economy
B. Overview of the industry and its contribution in the service
sector
Overview of the service sector and its contribution in the
economy
 Overview& Contribution:Service Sector

Service sector deals with the production of intangible goods like transportation, hotel
restaurants, real estate, arts, entertainment health insurance services, education and
telecom services etc.

Every economy consists of three sectors. They are primary sector (extraction such
as mining, agriculture and fishing), secondary sector (manufacturing) and the tertiary
sector (service sector). Economies tend to follow a developmental progression that
takes them from a heavy reliance on primary, toward the development of
manufacturing and finally toward a more service based structure. Historically,
manufacturing tended to be more open to international trade and competition than
services. As a result, there has been a tendency for the first economies to
industrialize to come under competitive attack by those seeking to industrialize later.

India's services sector has always served the country’s economy well and currently
accounting near about 60 per cent of the gross domestic product (GDP). In this
regard, the financial services sector has been an important contributor.

The Government of India has introduced reforms to liberalise, regulate and enhance
this industry. At present, India is undoubtedly one of the world's most vibrant capital
markets. Challenges remain, but the future of the sector looks good. The advent of
technology has also aided the growth of the industry. About 75 per cent of the
insurance policies sold by 2020 would, in one way or another, be influenced by digital
channels during the pre-purchase, purchase or renewal stages, as per a report by
Boston Consulting Group (BCG) and Google India.

The service sector consists of the soft parts of the economy such as insurance,
government, tourism, banking, retail, education, and social services. In soft-sector
employment, people use time to deploy knowledge assets, collaboration assets, and
process-engagement to create productivity, effectiveness, performance
improvement potential and sustainability. Service industry involves the provision of
services to businesses as well as final consumers. Services may involve transport,
distribution and sale of goods from producer to a consumer as may happen in
wholesaling and retailing, or may involve the provision of a service, such as in pest
control or entertainment. Goods may be transformed in the process of providing a
service, as happens in the restaurant industry or in equipment repair.
 Overview & Contribution: Industry

The tertiary sector of the economy, generally known as the service sector, is the third
of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the
economic cycle). The others are the primary sector (raw materials) and
the secondary sector (manufacturing).
The tertiary sector consists of the provision of services instead of end products.
Services (also known as "intangible goods") include attention, advice, access,
experience and affective labor. The production of information has been long
regarded as a service, but some economists now attribute it to a fourth sector, called
the quaternary sector.
The tertiary sector involves the provision of services to other businesses as well as
to final consumers. Services may involve the transport, distribution and sale of
goods from a producer to a consumer, as may happen
in wholesaling and retailing, pest control or entertainment. The goods may be
transformed in the process of providing the service, as happens in
the restaurant industry. However, the focus is on people by interacting with them and
serving the customers rather than transforming the physical goods.
It is sometimes hard to determine whether a given company is part of the secondary
or the tertiary sector. It is not only companies that have been classified as part of a
sector in some schemes, since governments and their services (such as the police
or military), as well as nonprofit organizations (such as charities or research
associations), can also be seen as part of that sector.[1]
In order to classify a business as a service, one can use classification systems such
as the United Nations' International Standard Industrial Classification standard,
the United States' Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code system and its new
replacement, the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS),
the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European
Community (NACE) in the EU and similar systems elsewhere. These governmental
classification systems have a first-level of hierarchy that reflects whether the
economic goods are tangible or intangible.
For purposes of finance and market research, market-based classification systems
such as the Global Industry Classification Standard and the Industry Classification
Benchmark are used to classify businesses that participate in the service sector.
Unlike governmental classification systems, the first level of market-based
classification systems divides the economy into functionally related markets or
industries. The second or third level of these hierarchies then reflects whether goods
or services are produced.
The tertiary sector of an economy is composed of the service industry, which
provides services to businesses and consumers. This sector includes a wide variety
of occupations, such as healthcare, education, retail, and hospitality. The service
industry is a major contributor to an economy, as it accounts for a large portion
of GDP and employment.

The tertiary sector plays a vital role in the economy by providing services that are
essential to businesses and consumers. This sector includes occupations such as
healthcare, education, retail, and hospitality. The service industry is a major
contributor to an economy, as it accounts for a large portion of GDP and
employment. The tertiary sector helps to drive economic growth and create jobs.
 Chapter-2
About the Company
(Zomato)
 Zomato
Zomato is an Indian multinational restaurant aggregator and food delivery company,
[
founded by Deepinder Goyal and Pankaj Chaddah in 2008. Zomato provides
information, menus and user-reviews of restaurants as well as food delivery options
from partner restaurants in more than 1,000 Indian cities, as of 2022.
Zomato is one of the most comprehensive and user-friendly apps for finding nearby
restaurants and cafés to dine in or to order food online. It also gives menus, reviews,
and ratings to acquire factual information on eateries. Users can use this
information to place orders and enjoy delectable food in the comfort of their own
homes. Zomato offers timely delivery to customer's doorstep, a joy for foodies.
Customers no longer have to wait in restaurants for hours.

Zomato is one of the most popular online food delivery systems, with users in nearly
22 countries. On the other hand, Restaurant owners can boost their internet
presence by registering with the Zomato app.

Since 2008, Zomato has grown swiftly and is one of India's most successful startups.
Even seasoned business owners and entrepreneurs are curious about how it
operates and earns large profits despite offering attractive discounts. Zomato's
primary function is recommending local and neighboring eateries to users and taking
orders from them.

Users can place orders from their preferred restaurant based on previous customers'
ratings and feedback. It may be why many entrepreneurs are interested in creating a
Zomato-like app. It provides users with convenience and assists business owners in
taking their local food business to new heights.

Zomato's working model is simple. To enjoy a lip-smacking meal, customers have to

follow these five simple steps-

Step 1: Users may browse and order food from various restaurants via the
desiccated app or website.

Step 2: When restaurant owners receive an order request, they prepare a dish.

Step 3: As the food is prepared for delivery, it is given to delivery companies.

Step 4: The delivery service delivers food to the customer's preferred location.

Step 5: Customers can make purchases and provide evaluations based on their
experience using the payment options.
 History

Zomato was founded as FoodieBay in 2008 by Deepinder Goyal and Pankaj Chaddah
who worked for Bain & Company. The website started as a restaurant listing and
recommendation portal. They renamed the company Zomato in 2010 as they were
unsure if they would "just stick to food" and also to avoid a potential naming conflict
with eBay.
In 2011, it expanded across India to Delhi
NCR, Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai, Pune, Ahmedabad and Hyderabad In 2012, it
expanded operations internationally in several countries, including the United Arab
Emirates, Sri Lanka, Qatar, the United Kingdom,the Philippines and South Africa. In
2013, expanded to in New Zealand, Turkey, Brazil and Indonesia, with website and
apps available in Turkish, Portuguese, Indonesian and English languages. In April
2014, it launched in Portugal, which was followed by launches
in Canada, Lebanon and Ireland in 2015.
In January 2015, Zomato acquired Seattle-based restaurant discovery
portal Urbanspoon, which led to the firm's entry into the United
States and Australia This U.S.-expansion brought Zomato into direct competition
with similar models such as Yelp and Foursquare
In an effort to expand its business beyond restaurant listing, Zomato started its food
delivery service in India in 2015,initially partnering with companies such
as Delhivery and Grab to fulfill deliveries from restaurants that did not have its own
delivery service.
In April 2015, Zomato acquired the American online table reservation platform
NexTable, which was subsequently renamed as Zomato Book. In January 2016, it
launched Zomato Book's table reservation feature on its application in India. In April
2015, it acquired cloud-based point of sale (PoS) company MapleGraph
Solutions,[25] and, in April 2016, launched its own version of PoS for restaurant
owners called Zomato Base, comprising menu and inventory management, payment
system and analytics. Later that year, Zomato acquired Sparse Labs (renamed
Zomato Trace) and integrated the latter's real-time delivery location
tracking technology on its food delivery platform.
 Mission And Vision

A mission, vision, and values are your restaurant's guiding principles and an
important piece of your restaurant business plan. They help you make sure your
business decisions – from your logo to your vendors – are strategic and align with
your goals.

Mision- Zomato's mission statement is “better food for more people.” Since our
inception in 2010, we have grown tremendously, both in scope and scale - and
emerged as India's most trusted brand during the pandemic, along with being one of
the largest hyperlocal delivery networks in the country.

Vision- The vision indicates the aim of the company to serve food to maximum
people which would traipse their interest with the delicious food. Zomato deals with
restaurant partners with industry-specific marketing tools, that bring them to engage
and acquire customers to grow their business with more productivity.
Organizational Structure
 Competitors
The Restaurant Delivery/Takeout Software solutions below are the most common
alternatives that users and reviewers compare with Zomato. Other important factors
to consider when researching alternatives to Zomato include user interface and price.
We have compiled a list of solutions that reviewers voted as the best overall
alternatives and competitors to Zomato, including Swiggy, Uber Eats, DoorDash, and
GrubHub.

Organizational Structure
Zomato is a discovery platform for restaurants which provides information on Home
Delivery, cafes, Nightlife and Clubs. It is one of the few innovative ideas of it’s the
recent decade as it has added information of menus, photos, Cost for two added as
important features for consumer experience.
The mission of Zomato is to ensure that nobody has a bad meal and they are doing
this globally. The service provision of Zomato works in the following ways-

Sales Team responsibilities include pitching to the clients, building networks,

contracting and payment collection
Key account managers role manage the sales managers, along with handing the
key accounts for the company in that particular region.
Country Sales Head develop strategies to enter new cities and looks over the city
sales head as well as the sales managers.
City sales Head holds the revenue responsibility of a city.
 Chapter-3
Marketing Strategies of the
company
 Marketing Strategies
Zomato follows a mixed marketing strategy that has successfully kept the traffic
coming, thereby driving the sales. The brand has always focused on innovation and
agility.
For more such facts like “How was Zomato Started?”, and its success story, name,
logo, tagline, investors, revenue, acquisitions, and more, you can follow Zomato -
Delivering Delicious Happiness to Your Doorsteps!
owever, if you are curious to learn about the key marketing strategies that propelled
the brand to achieve the success that it now boasts of, then you have landed on the
right page.

7 P’s of the Marketing

Product
1. Product

Product refers to the object or service you’ll sell to customers. For your food delivery

service, the product is your menu. Your dine-in menu can be different from your

delivery menu. For example, you may be serving ice cream to dine-in customers, but

you may not want to deliver it, considering the logistical issues involved.

You can specialize in a particular type of cuisine—Italian, Chinese, Thai, or Indian—to

position your business uniquely. Quality products are another must-have, so ensure

that you follow food safety procedures and your products meet hygiene standards,

such as the FDA’s Food Code. Delivery is the service you’ll be offering along with

your menu (the product). Ensure that deliveries are on time and done with utmost

courtesy. Use food delivery applications and GPS tracking solutions to improve the

delivery experience for customers.

Price
 2. Price

The core components of your pricing structure will primarily include:

 Menu item price: Price of each food item on your menu.

 Packaging fee: Fee charged for packaging orders.

 Taxes: Applicable sales and other taxes based on local rules.

 Delivery fee: Fee charged for delivering orders.

While deciding on pricing, ensure that your business has a healthy profit margin, but

don’t forget to factor in competitors’ prices. Review your prices regularly or when

market conditions or supply chain costs change.Use pricing optimization

tools todetermine how much discount you can afford and to plan special offers and

loyalty initiatives. Regularly analyze competitors’ pricing strategies to position

yourself better.

Place
3. Place

Place refers to the channel through which you’ll sell your product. It can be a website;

mobile app; phone call; or text, WhatsApp, or social media message. Determine

which channel(s) you’ll be able to invest in and proceed accordingly.

Taking customer orders via WhatsApp or voice calls is the least expensive means to

get started, especially if you intend to begin your delivery service immediately.

You can also choose to build your delivery website and mobile app.These channels

will allow you to showcase menu items and receive online payments using point-of-

sale (POS) apps.

Promotion
Ensure that your brand logo and colors are highlighted across the website and app

and that both have an uncluttered and easily navigable interface.

Use these DIY website and application builder apps to build a website or mobile app

yourself. You can also use food delivery software to set up online delivery for your

restaurant. If budget isn’t a concern, consider listing your restaurant on third-party

food delivery platforms, such as Uber Eats or DoorDash, to increase reach and

visibility.

4. Promotion

Promotion includes all the activities involved in marketing your products and

services. Email marketing, social media marketing, pamphlets, hoardings,

participation in events, etc., are some common methods to promote your food

delivery service.Content marketing is another area you should focus on to promote

your business. Optimize website content with relevant keywords, such as “order

online” and “food delivery,” to rank higher on search pages and attract more

customers. Maintain a restaurant blog where you can feature your specials, share

unique recipes, announce big changes to your restaurant, etc.

Use analytics tools to identity communication channels used most frequently by

customers. Connect with your customers regularly, and ensure consistent

messaging across marketing initiatives. Train your delivery personnel to handle

customers politely. Their punctuality and behavior toward customers also help

promote your business.

 Process

5. Process

Process covers the business operations of your food delivery service. You must

clearly outline your process flow and ensure that every task has been accounted for.

For example, you must have provisions for removing out-of-stock items, processing

refunds, identifying customer locations outside of your delivery zone, etc.

Having well-defined processes helps identify bottlenecks and determine which tasks

can be automated or need manual intervention. Also, build an IT process chart that

specifies the software applications you use and the tasks they perform. An IT

process chart will help you understand how and what data is being captured, used,
and stored.

Understand the regulations you must follow and get all licenses you’ll need to start

food delivery. Consult with a local council, or visit the U.S. Small Business

Administration (SBA) website to learn about the licenses you’ll need.

Physical Evidence

6. Physical evidence

Physical evidence refers to the tangible and intangible elements customers come

across when interacting with your business. Restaurant building, seating, and

ambiance are the physical evidence for your dine-in restaurant. For your food delivery

service, evidence will include your website or mobile app. An easily navigable

website or mobile app that is well designed, loads quickly, and supports multiple

payment options will help create a positive impression on your customers.Packaging

is another physical evidence. Distinct packaging colors or innovative packaging

methods,
 People

such as using reusable or organic materials, will make your brand stand out. Your

delivery personnel’s uniform is also physical evidence. It can make your brand

colors/logo stand out even at a crowded traffic signal.

7. People

People or human resources are your most valuable asset. Their manners, attitude,

hospitality, and other traits will be matched/associated with those of your brand.

Thus, they play a vital role in enhancing customers’ experience. Train your

employees, including delivery staff, customer service representatives, chefs,

marketers, and salespersons, so they represent your brand well.

Now that your dine-in restaurant may be operating at less capacity, consider

realigning employee roles. For instance, your receptionist could take on some

delivery responsibilities. Depending on demand, you can also consider hiring part-

time or contractual staff.

 Unit-2
Industrial visit report
(Yakult)
 Industrial Visit Organized for BBA Students,
Bharati Vidyapeeth(Deemed to be University), Delhi.
Event: Industrial Visit

Date: February 21st, 2023

Time: 10:00 AM

Venue: Yakult Danone India (P) Ltd, HSIIDC Industrial Area, Rai, Sonepat,
Haryana

Students: BBA

Faculty In-charge: Ms. Aashima Bhatnagar

Company Profile:-
Yakult DANONE India (P) Ltd is a 50:50 JV between Yakult Honsha, Japan and Group
DANONE of France, both of which are global pro biotic leaders. The JV was formed
in 2005 to manufacture and sell pro biotic products in the Indian market. Yakult, a
pro biotic drink was launched in India in 2007, and is presently available in Delhi, NCR,
Chandigarh, Punjab, Jaipur, Mumbai, Pune and Bangalore. Yakult is manufactured at
an ISO 9001 : 2008 and HACCP certified manufacturing facility in Sonepat, Haryana.
As a pioneer in pro biotic, Yakult has formidable research capabilities and product
technologies in the field of pro biotic. Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological
Research has for years researched the use of intestinal bacteria as a factor in health
maintenance, conducting a wide range of studies on the benefits of microorganisms
in Japan. In India too, Yakult Danone (joint venture of France and Japan) India is
working actively to build awareness about pro biotic and contribute to a healthier
society. Yakult’s benefits have been scientifically established through years of
research and 30 million people in 32 countries drink Yakult every day.
Yakult Danone India Pvt. Ltd. was awarded the jury award for Emerging Company of
the Year in 2011 from Frost & Sullivan. This Award signifies the company's
identification of solutions with long-term sustainability as a final objective, while
presenting tremendous market potential simultaneously. Moreover, the Award also
signifies that the company's overall business strategy is sound and poised for
success.

Objective:-

 To help students gain Corporate Exposure to aspiring students.

 To gain an insight of Yakult production process.

 Learning while experiencing Corporate Culture.

Report:-
An industrial visit to Yokult-Danone India Pvt. Ltd. Was organized 6th Nov 2017, for
students of BBA Mr. Ishwar Singh, Assistant Professor, Management, TIAS briefed
the students about the (a) objectives of the industrial visit, (b) Company’s Profile, (c)
Probable questions to be asked by the Students with the company people. Once
students reached Yakult-Danone plant site, they were accompanied by Mr. Adish,
Executive-Public Relations to the Seminar Room where he gave a brief presentation
about the Company’s history, its presence across the globe, distribution channel,
turnover and strong research. Following the presentation, Mr. Adish interacted with
the students and answered their queries regarding HR, marketing & operations
aspects of the company. The students were then taken to the processing unit where
all the stages from mixing of raw ingredients to the final shrink – packing were
briefed. Students were amazed at the speed at which the process occurred and how
the automated systems could be set according to requirements, as minimum of
human intervention was required. On a whole, it was an exemplary learning
experience that the students will savor for a long time to come.
Learning Outcome:-
 Students got insight about the Operations & Production at Yakult.
 Students were enabled with the real feel of the current industrial scenario.
 Students were made aware about first hand information regarding functioning
of the company.
 Students were made to learn the corporate culture and mannerism.
 UNIT – 3 & 4

MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRY

AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY

A. History of the Automobile Industry

B. Present Practices in Automobile Industry

C. Products/ Services of the Automobile Industry

D. Players in the Automobile Industry

E. Trends in the Automobile Industry

F. Contribution of the Automobile Industry to the development of the

nation

G. Future of the Automobile Industry

 History of the Automobile Industry

In 1769, French inventor Nicholas-Joseph Cugnot built a three-wheeled

steamer (see above image) to help the French army haul artillery pieces.
Although his contraption was considered to be too slow and impractical,
Cugnot is still regarded as the creator of the first motorized road vehicle.
In 1805, Oliver Evans, who built an incredibly slow machine designed to
work on both land and in water for the City of Philadelphia Department of
Health, is considered to be the first American to create a motorized road
vehicle. Commercial production of automobiles began in 1896 in the
United States, ten years after Karl Benz received a German patent for his
invention of the first automobile powered by an internal combustion
engine. Along with his wife, Bertha, he founded the German automobile
manufacturer Mercedes-Benz.

The early 1900s boomed with various types of motorized vehicles being
developed around the world. In the United States Ransom E. Olds and his
Olds Motor Vehicle Company (later known as Oldsmobile) dominated
this era of automobile production. As a result of superior promotional
and marketing efforts, sales of the Oldsmobile approached 5,000 in
1904 which, at the time, was unheard of in the industry. The Thomas B.
Jeffrey Company developed the world’s second mass-produced
automobile called the Rambler. In 1902, 1,500 Ramblers were built and
sold, and by 1904 production reached 2,342 units.

Perhaps the most famous car of all time is Henry Ford’s Model T. In
order to keep costs low, Ford focused efforts on improving production
methods. His moving assembly line began operation in 1913-1914
making it possible to lower the cost of the Model T and, as a result,
increase sales and potential customers. In response to consumer
demands manufacturers have reinvented the automobile numerous
times over.
From the development of anti-lock braking systems, to hybrid vehicles,
to the first highway-capable all electric vehicle, the automobile industry
continues to create, innovate and transform the way we live. To read
more about this fascinating industry, take a look at these books, ebooks
and DVDs:

Present Practices in Automobile Industry

• Electric Vehicles (EVs): As the world becomes more conscious

about the environment and carbon emissions, electric vehicles are
gaining popularity. Many automobile companies are investing
heavily in research and development of EVs to offer a more
sustainable mode of transportation.

• Autonomous Vehicles: Another area of focus for the industry is

autonomous vehicles, also known as self-driving cars. Automakers
are investing heavily in developing advanced driver assistance
systems (ADAS) that can enable autonomous driving.

• Connected Cars: Cars are becoming more connected with the

advent of advanced sensors and technologies that allow them to
communicate with other vehicles and infrastructure. This
connectivity can help reduce traffic congestion, improve safety,
and provide better navigation and entertainment options.

• Additive Manufacturing: Also known as 3D printing, additive

manufacturing is becoming increasingly popular in the automobile
industry. It enables companies to produce parts and components
more efficiently and cost-effectively.

• Sustainable Manufacturing: Automakers are adopting more

sustainable manufacturing practices to reduce their carbon
 footprint. This includes using renewable energy sources, reducing
waste, and recycling materials.

• Ride-Sharing and Car-Sharing: Ride-sharing and car-sharing

services are becoming more popular as consumers seek more
affordable and convenient transportation options. Many
automakers are partnering with these services to offer their
vehicles for rent or use in ride-sharing programs.Online Sales and
Marketing: The rise of e-commerce has also impacted the
automobile industry, with many companies offering online sales
and marketing of their vehicles. This allows consumers to
research and purchase cars from the comfort of their own homes.

Products/ Services of the Automobile Industry

 Cars and Trucks: This is the primary product of the automobile industry,
including passenger cars, commercial vehicles, SUVs, trucks, and buses.
 Spare Parts and Accessories: Automobile manufacturers and aftermarket
suppliers provide spare parts and accessories for vehicles. These include
engine parts, brakes, tires, audio systems, and navigation systems.
 Maintenance and Repair Services: Automobile companies and independent
service providers offer maintenance and repair services for vehicles. This
includes routine maintenance, repairs, and upgrades to improve the
 performance and longevity of a vehicle.
 Leasing and Financing: Many automobile companies offer leasing and
financing options to help consumers purchase or lease their vehicles. This
can include competitive interest rates, flexible payment plans, and other
incentives to help consumers make a purchase.
 Insurance: Automobile insurance companies offer a range of insurance
products for vehicles. This includes comprehensive coverage, liability
insurance, collision coverage, and more.
 Fuel and Charging Stations: As vehicles require fuel or electric charging to
operate, the automobile industry provides fuel and charging stations to
consumers. These stations are often owned and operated by energy
companies or automobile manufacturers.
 Ride-Sharing and Car-Sharing Services: In addition to traditional car sales and
leasing, many automobile companies are now offering ride-sharing and car-
sharing services. This allows consumers to rent or share vehicles for short
periods of time, providing an alternative to traditional car ownership.

Players in the Automobile Industry

 Toyota: Toyota is one of the largest automakers in the world, based in Japan.
They produce a wide range of vehicles, from compact cars to commercial
trucks.

 General Motors: General Motors is an American automaker and one of the

largest in the world. They produce vehicles under various brands, including
Chevrolet, GMC, Buick, and Cadillac.

 Volkswagen Group: The Volkswagen Group is a German multinational

automotive company that produces vehicles under various brands, including
Volkswagen, Audi, Porsche, Bentley, and Lamborghini.
 Ford Motor Company: Ford is an American automaker that produces a range
of vehicles, including cars, trucks, and SUVs. They also own the luxury brand
Lincoln.

 Honda: Honda is a Japanese automaker that produces cars, motorcycles, and

power equipment. They are known for their reliability and fuel efficiency.

 BMW: BMW is a German automaker that produces luxury vehicles, including

cars, SUVs, and motorcycles. They are known for their performance and
advanced technology.

 Tesla: Tesla is an American electric vehicle manufacturer that produces

luxury electric cars, including the Model S, Model X, Model 3, and Model Y.

Trends in the Automobile Industry

 Electric Vehicles: The trend towards electric vehicles (EVs) is rapidly growing
as consumers and governments look for more sustainable transportation
options. Automakers are investing heavily in EV technology and developing
new models to meet this demand.

 Autonomous Vehicles: Autonomous or self-driving vehicles are another

growing trend in the industry. Automakers and tech companies are investing
in the development of autonomous technology, which has the potential to
revolutionize transportation.

 Connected Cars: Connected cars, which use wireless communication

technology to link vehicles to other devices and networks, are becoming
increasingly popular. This technology enables features such as navigation,
entertainment, and remote control through mobile devices.

 Shared Mobility: Shared mobility services, such as ride-sharing and car-

 sharing, are becoming more popular as consumers seek more flexible and
sustainable transportation options.

 Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS): ADAS technology, such as

adaptive cruise control, lane departure warning, and automatic emergency
braking, is becoming increasingly common in new vehicles. These systems
improve safety and reduce the likelihood of accidents.

 Lightweight Materials: Automakers are looking to reduce vehicle weight to

improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. Lightweight materials, such as
carbon fiber, aluminum, and high-strength steel, are being used more
frequently in vehicle production.

 Digitalization: Digitalization is transforming the automobile industry, with the

use of data analytics, artificial intelligence, and other digital technologies.
These technologies are being used to improve production efficiency, optimize
supply chains, and enhance customer experience.

Contribution of the Automobile Industry to the development

of the nation
 Economic Growth: The automobile industry creates jobs and generates
economic growth by providing employment opportunities in manufacturing,
sales, and related industries. The industry also contributes to national income
through taxes, exports, and foreign exchange earnings.

 Infrastructure Development: The development of the automobile industry

requires significant investments in infrastructure, such as roads, highways,
and bridges. This investment leads to improved transportation and logistics,
 which in turn supports other industries and improves the overall efficiency of
the economy.

 Technological Advancements: The automobile industry is a major driver of

technological advancements in areas such as fuel efficiency, safety, and
connectivity. These advancements have a ripple effect on other industries,
leading to the development of new products, services, and markets.

 Environmental Sustainability: The automobile industry is working towards

reducing the environmental impact of vehicles by developing technologies
such as electric and hybrid vehicles, lightweight materials, and cleaner fuels.
These efforts contribute to sustainable development and help to mitigate
climate change.

 Social Impact: The automobile industry contributes to social development by

providing mobility and access to employment, education, and healthcare.
Vehicles also support emergency response and disaster relief efforts,
improving the overall quality of life for citizens.
 Future of the Automobile Industry
 Electric and Autonomous Vehicles: The adoption of electric and autonomous
vehicles is expected to continue to grow, with more automakers investing in
research and development of these technologies. This could lead to a shift
away from traditional gasoline-powered vehicles, as well as changes in
transportation models and infrastructure.

 Mobility-as-a-Service: The rise of shared mobility services, such as ride-

sharing and car-sharing, is expected to continue, potentially leading to a shift
away from car ownership as the primary mode of transportation. Mobility-as-a
-Service (MaaS) models are also emerging, which offer a range of
transportation options through a single platform.

 Digitization and Connectivity: Vehicles are becoming increasingly connected,

with features such as telematics, infotainment systems, and advanced driver
assistance systems (ADAS). This trend is expected to continue, with more
vehicles incorporating digital technologies and enabling greater connectivity
with other devices and networks.

 Sustainability: The automobile industry is under increasing pressure to reduce

its environmental impact, particularly with regard to greenhouse gas
emissions. This is likely to lead to the adoption of more sustainable materials
and technologies, such as electric and hydrogen-powered vehicles, lightweight
materials, and more efficient engines.

 Shift in Ownership Models: As mobility options continue to expand, ownership

models for vehicles may shift. For example, car-sharing and subscription
services may become more common, with consumers opting to use vehicles
only when needed, rather than owning them outright.

 New Business Models: The automobile industry may also see the emergence
of new business models, such as data-driven services, predictive maintenance,
and new financing models. These developments could change the way the
industry operates and create new opportunities for businesses.
 Unit-5
Trade Organization
(ITPO)
India Trade Promotion Organization
(ITPO)

Pragati Bhavan,Pragati Maidan New Delhi110001

Phone: (9111)23371540

Fax: (9111)23378142

E-Mail: [email protected]

City New Delhi

Web Site: http://www.indiatradepromotion.org

 Some Prominent Associate Members of ITPO

Mr.Pradeep Singh Kharola,

IAS Mr.Mathura Prasad Mr.BimalKumar Dubey, IAS
Chairman & Managing Director Executive Director General Manager

Mrs.
HemaMaity Col.
Pushpam Kumar, SM
General Manager Officer on Special Duty
 History
India Trade Promotion Organisation (ITPO) was incorporated by merger of Trade
Development Authority (TDA), a Registered Society under Ministry of Commerce &
Industry, with Trade Fair Authority of India (TFAI) with effect from 1 January 1992.

India Trade Promotion Organisation (ITPO) harks back to India's golden past while
aspiring for a promising future.

The ITPO emblem has been derived from an inscription on a gold coin belonging to
the era of the ancient ruler, Samundragupta ( circa 330-380 A.D.) symbolising the
zenith achieved in external trade.

The vertical and horizontal strokes in the symbol represent life and prosperity.

ITPO is, today, committed to continue the trend and recapture the excellence
achieved by our forebears in the areas of trade and commerce.
The ITPO emblem has been derived from an inscription on a gold coin belonging to
the era of the ancient ruler, Samundragupta ( circa 330-380 A.D.) symbolising the
zenith achieved in external trade. The vertical and horizontal strokes in the symbol
represent life and prosperity.

Mision
Its mission is to promote, facilitate, encourage and coordinate various activities
and programmes to enhance India's share of exports. ITPO provides a wide
spectrum of services to trade and industry and acts as a catalyst for growth of
India's trade and commerce.

Vision
To be a leader amongst world class Trade Promotion Organisations, leveraging
India's strengths internationally. Rapid growth in India's share of global trade and
investments, quality of services and customer satisfaction is to be the touchstone of
our success.

Objectives
The Committee observed that the efforts made towards trade promotion by ITPO are
to general in nature and fail to provide a cutting edge to exporters. The
recommendations of the Committee are:

 Industry consultation process: The Committee noted that no institutional

mechanism for a regular consultative process with industries for trade
promotion has been established by ITPO, and recommended that such a
process be put in place.

 Foreign offices: The Committee felt that the decision of closing its foreign
offices by ITPO should be reconsidered since the employees stationed at
these offices provided valuable trade data and forged useful links in those
countries.

 Review mechanism: The Committee recommended instituting a regular

review mechanism to appraise the contribution of the Commerce and Trade
wing of Indian embassies towards trade promotion.

 Export Promotion Councils (EPC): The Committee noted that the role of ITPO
in export promotion has definitely reduced because of EPCs, which are
exclusively focused on trade promotion for a particular sector. The
Committee recommended that ITPO be more proactive in finding new
markets for trade promotion and that ITPO’s mandate be redefined to
dedicate its services exclusively for trade promotion of the Micro, Small and
Medium Enterprises sector.

 Organiser of fairs: The Committee was of the opinion that ITPO focused more
on its role as organiser of exhibitions and less on promotion of exports and
trade. It noted that, in the exhibitions, the number of foreign exhibitors and
visitors is very low, and recommended that ITPO make efforts to increase
foreigner footfall.

 Grievances of Indian exhibition industry: The Committee was informed that

ITPO, as the regulator of exhibitions in India and owner of several exhibition
spaces, has abused its dominant position by imposing unfair conditions. It
recommended that ITPO submit a detail of redressal action taken on specific
problems/grievances of the exhibition industry within three months of the
submission of this report.

 Rental charges: The Committee noted that the rental charges for Pragati
Maidan, the biggest exhibition space in India and operated by ITPO, are the
highest in the world. The Committee felt that this high cost reduces the
organiser’s investment in visitor promotion, and ITPO should consider
rationalising rentals.

 Trade and exhibition centres: The Committee noted that establishment of

trade and exhibition centres has been slow in the country. It recommended
the development of trade-cum-exhibition centres on priority basis, and the
upgradation of existing facilities.
 Advantages
Its mission is to promote, facilitate, encourage and coordinate various activities and
programmes to enhance India's share of exports. ITPO provides a wide spectrum of
services to trade and industry and acts as a catalyst for growth of India's trade and
commerce.

Purpose
India Trade Promotion Organisation (ITPO) is a nodal trade promotion agency of the
Government of India. It has been charting a multi-dimensional course for itself in
conformity with its mandated role. Since its inception in 1992 and prior to that in its
earlier incarnations of Trade Fair Authority of India (TFAI) and Trade Development
Authority (TDA), ITPO has for well over three decades, played a multi-faceted role in
bringing out the strengths of the Indian economy and giving a thrust to the country's
exports as a premier export promotion organization.

 Organizing of fairs and exhibitions in India

 Participation in select overseas fairs and organizing of exclusive Indian trade
shows in select locations abroad
 Promotion through department stores, contact and product promotion
programmes, and market surveys
 Information dissemination on products and markets among trade and industry in
India and abroad.
 Organizing seminars, conferences and workshops on trade-related issues
 Up gradation of the facilities of Pragati Maidan to exacting international standards
Organization Structure
 References

https://www.zomato.com/who-we-are
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zomato

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_Trade_Promotion_Organisa
tion
https://indiatradefair.com/information/details/itpo_profile