Below are 5 basic Unity programs with detailed step-by-step instructions for undergraduate

students. These programs cover essential Unity concepts such as scene setup, scripting, object
manipulation, user input, and interaction. Each exercise is designed to be beginner-friendly
and progressively builds on Unity's basic concepts.

Program 1: Moving an Object with Arrow Keys

Objective: Learn how to move an object using keyboard input.

Steps:

1. Create a New Unity Project:

o Open Unity Hub and click New Project.
o Choose the 3D template and name the project (e.g., "MoveObject").
o Click Create to open your new project.
2. Create the Object to Move:
o In the Hierarchy panel, right-click and select 3D Object → Cube.
o This will create a cube in the scene.
3. Add a Script to Move the Cube:
o In the Project panel, right-click in the Assets folder and select Create → C#
Script.
o Name the script MoveCube.
o Double-click on the script to open it in Visual Studio.
4. Edit the Script:
o Replace the existing code with the following:

using UnityEngine;

public class MoveCube : MonoBehaviour

{
public float speed = 5f;

// Update is called once per frame

void Update()
{
float moveX = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal") * speed * Time.deltaTime;
float moveZ = Input.GetAxis("Vertical") * speed * Time.deltaTime;
transform.Translate(moveX, 0f, moveZ);
}
}

5. Attach the Script to the Cube:

o Go back to the Unity Editor and drag the MoveCube script from the Assets
folder onto the Cube in the Hierarchy panel.
6. Test the Movement:
o Press Play at the top of the Unity Editor.
o Use the arrow keys or WASD keys to move the cube in the scene.
o The cube should move based on your input.
Program 2: Changing Object Color on Mouse Click

Objective: Change the color of an object when the user clicks on it.

Steps:

1. Create a New Scene:

o Open Unity, and create a new scene if not already done.
2. Add a 3D Object (Sphere):
o Right-click in the Hierarchy and select 3D Object → Sphere.
o Rename the sphere to ColorChangingSphere.
3. Create a Script to Detect Mouse Click:
o In the Project panel, right-click in Assets and select Create → C# Script.
o Name the script ChangeColorOnClick.
o Double-click the script to open Visual Studio.
4. Write the Script:
o Replace the code in ChangeColorOnClick with the following:

using UnityEngine;

public class ChangeColorOnClick : MonoBehaviour

{
private Renderer rend;

void Start()
{
rend = GetComponent<Renderer>();
}

void OnMouseDown()
{
rend.material.color = new Color(Random.value, Random.value,
Random.value); // Set to random color
}
}

5. Attach the Script to the Sphere:

o Go back to Unity, and drag the ChangeColorOnClick script onto the
ColorChangingSphere in the Hierarchy panel.
6. Test the Click Interaction:
o Press Play.
o Left-click on the sphere, and it should change color each time you click on it.

Program 3: Simple Jumping Mechanism

Objective: Implement a basic jumping mechanic using Unity’s physics system.

Steps:

1. Create a New Unity Project (if not already done):

o Choose the 3D template.
2. Add a Player Object (Cube):
o Right-click in the Hierarchy → 3D Object → Cube.
o Rename it to Player and resize it to be more like a player character (e.g., set
the scale to (1, 2, 1)).
3. Add a Plane to Act as Ground:
o Right-click in the Hierarchy → 3D Object → Plane.
o This will act as the ground for the player to jump on.
4. Add a Rigidbody Component:
o Select the Player object.
o In the Inspector, click Add Component → Rigidbody.
o This component enables the cube to interact with Unity’s physics system.
5. Create the Jumping Script:
o In the Project panel, right-click in Assets → Create → C# Script.
o Name the script PlayerJump.
o Double-click to open the script.
6. Write the Script:
o Replace the script with the following code:

using UnityEngine;

public class PlayerJump : MonoBehaviour

{
public float jumpForce = 5f;
private Rigidbody rb;

void Start()
{
rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();
}

void Update()
{
if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Space) && Mathf.Abs(rb.velocity.y) <
0.01f)
{
rb.AddForce(Vector3.up * jumpForce, ForceMode.Impulse);
}
}
}

7. Attach the Script to the Player:

o Go back to Unity, drag the PlayerJump script onto the Player object in the
Hierarchy panel.
8. Test the Jumping:
o Press Play.
o Press the Spacebar to make the cube jump.
 UNITY Programs

Program 1: First-Person Character Controller with Mouse Look

Objective: Create a first-person character controller where the user can move around using
keyboard input and look around using the mouse.

Steps:

1. Create a New Unity Project:

o Open Unity Hub, click New Project, and select 3D.
o Name your project (e.g., FirstPersonController) and click Create.
2. Add Terrain and Player Object:
o Right-click in the Hierarchy → 3D Object → Terrain.
o Right-click in the Hierarchy → 3D Object → Cube.
o Rename the cube to Player (this will represent the player's body).
3. Create the Player Script:
o Right-click in Assets → Create → C# Script and name it PlayerController.
o Open the script and write the following code:

using UnityEngine;

public class PlayerController : MonoBehaviour

{
public float speed = 5f;
public float mouseSensitivity = 2f;
public Transform playerBody;

private float xRotation = 0f;

void Update()
{
// Handle mouse look
float mouseX = Input.GetAxis("Mouse X") * mouseSensitivity;
float mouseY = Input.GetAxis("Mouse Y") * mouseSensitivity;

xRotation -= mouseY;
xRotation = Mathf.Clamp(xRotation, -90f, 90f);

playerBody.Rotate(Vector3.up * mouseX);
Camera.main.transform.localRotation = Quaternion.Euler(xRotation,
0f, 0f);

// Handle player movement

float moveX = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal") * speed * Time.deltaTime;
float moveZ = Input.GetAxis("Vertical") * speed * Time.deltaTime;
 transform.Translate(moveX, 0f, moveZ);
}
}

4. Add the Script to the Player:

o Drag the PlayerController script onto the Player object in the Hierarchy.
5. Create and Attach the Camera:
o Right-click in the Hierarchy → Camera.
o Position the camera so that it’s inside the Player cube.
o Drag the Camera into the PlayerBody field in the PlayerController script
(in the Inspector).
6. Test the First-Person Controller:
o Press Play. You should be able to move the player using WASD and look
around using the mouse.

Program 2: Basic 3D Racing Game (Car Movement and Camera Follow)

Objective: Create a simple racing game with a controllable car and a camera that follows the
car's movement.

Steps:

1. Create a New Unity Project:

o Open Unity and create a new 3D project (name it 3DRacingGame).
2. Import a Car Model or Use Cube:
o For simplicity, you can use a Cube for the car.
o Right-click in Hierarchy → 3D Object → Cube and rename it to Car.
o Resize the cube to look more like a car (e.g., (2, 1, 5)).
3. Create the Car Movement Script:
o Right-click in Assets → Create → C# Script, name it CarController.
o Open the script and add the following code:

using UnityEngine;

public class CarController : MonoBehaviour

{
public float moveSpeed = 10f;
public float turnSpeed = 100f;

void Update()
{
float move = Input.GetAxis("Vertical") * moveSpeed *
Time.deltaTime;
float turn = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal") * turnSpeed *
Time.deltaTime;

transform.Translate(Vector3.forward * move);
transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * turn);
}
}

4. Attach the Script to the Car:

o Drag the CarController script onto the Car object in the Hierarchy.
5. Create a Camera Follow Script:
o Create another script and name it CameraFollow.
o Write the following code to make the camera follow the car:

using UnityEngine;

public class CameraFollow : MonoBehaviour

{
public Transform target; // Target to follow (Car)
public Vector3 offset; // Offset from the car

void Update()
{
transform.position = target.position + offset;
transform.LookAt(target);
}
}

6. Attach the Camera Follow Script:

o Drag the CameraFollow script onto the Main Camera.
o In the Inspector, assign the Car object to the target field and adjust the offset
for the desired camera angle (e.g., (0, 5, -10)).
7. Test the Racing Game:
o Press Play. You should be able to control the car using WASD or the arrow
keys, and the camera will follow the car.

Program 3: Simple 3D Platformer (Jump and Collectibles)

Objective: Create a basic 3D platformer where the player can jump and collect items.

Steps:

1. Create a New Unity Project:

o Create a new 3D project and name it 3DPlatformer.
2. Create the Player Object:
o Right-click in the Hierarchy → 3D Object → Cube, and rename it Player.
o Resize the cube to represent the player (e.g., (1, 2, 1)).
3. Add a Rigidbody Component:
o Select the Player and click Add Component → Rigidbody to allow the cube
to interact with Unity's physics system.
4. Create a Jumping Script:
o Create a C# Script named PlayerJump and write the following code:

using UnityEngine;
public class PlayerJump : MonoBehaviour
{
public float jumpHeight = 5f;
private Rigidbody rb;

void Start()
{
rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();
}

void Update()
{
if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Space) && Mathf.Abs(rb.velocity.y) <
0.01f) // Check if on the ground
{
rb.AddForce(Vector3.up * jumpHeight, ForceMode.Impulse);
}
}
}

5. Attach the Script to the Player:

o Drag the PlayerJump script onto the Player object.
6. Create a Collectible Item (Cube):
o Right-click in Hierarchy → 3D Object → Cube.
o Rename it to Collectible and place it somewhere the player can reach.
o Attach a Collider (Box Collider) to the Collectible and check Is Trigger.
7. Create a Collecting Script:
o Create a new C# Script called CollectibleItem and write the following code:

using UnityEngine;

public class CollectibleItem : MonoBehaviour

{
void OnTriggerEnter(Collider other)
{
if (other.CompareTag("Player"))
{
Destroy(gameObject); // Destroys the collectible when the
player touches it
}
}
}

8. Tag the Player:

o Select the Player and in the Inspector, set the Tag to Player.
9. Test the Platformer:
o Press Play and test jumping and collecting items.

Program 4: Simple AI Enemy with Patrol and Attack

Objective: Create a simple enemy AI that patrols between points and attacks the player when
in range.
Steps:

1. Create a New Unity Project:

o Create a new 3D project and name it EnemyAI.
2. Create the Player Object:
o Right-click in the Hierarchy → 3D Object → Cube, and rename it to Player.
3. Create the Enemy Object:
o Right-click in the Hierarchy → 3D Object → Cube, and rename it to
Enemy.
4. Create the Patrol and Attack Script:
o Create a C# Script named EnemyAI and write the following code:

using UnityEngine;

public class EnemyAI : MonoBehaviour

{
public Transform pointA;
public Transform pointB;
public float speed = 3f;
public float detectionRange = 5f;
public Transform player;

private bool movingToB = true;

void Update()
{
// Patrol between pointA and pointB
if (movingToB)
{
transform.position = Vector3.MoveTowards(transform.position,
pointB.position, speed * Time.deltaTime);
if (transform.position == pointB.position) movingToB = false;
}
else
{
transform.position = Vector3.MoveTowards(transform.position,
pointA.position, speed * Time.delta