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Spread Sheet
What is MS Excel?
MS Excel is a Microsoft Office application developed by Microsoft. The Excel Spreadsheet Software
supports multiple operating systems such as Windows, Mac OS, Android, Ios, and iPad OS. It is used to
perform calculations and computations using various functions and formulas present in Excel. Users can
store and analyze the data whenever they needed.
How to get a start with MS Excel?
To start MS Excel on Computer, the steps to be followed are:
Step 1:Click on Start Button
Step 2:Choose All Programs
Step 3: Click MS Office
Step 4: Choose MS Excel Application. The MS Excel application will open.

Another option is to Type "MS Excel" in the search box after clicking the Start Button.
What is a Cell?
A cell in Excel is defined as the intersection of rows and columns. It is present in the form of a rectangular
shape. The combination of rows and columns forms a table.

Cell Address in Excel

As the name suggests, cell address is the name by which the Cell is addressed. For example, A1 indicates
the Cell in the first Row and column.

Features of MS Excel
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The various features of MS Excel are as follows:

The several features in MS Excel format and edit the data based on the requirement.

Home: The Home option consists of tabs such as Clipboard, Font, Alignment, Number, Styles, Cells, and
Editing.
Insert: The Insert tab consists of Tables, Illustrations, Charts, Links, and Text.
Page Layout: Themes, Page Setup, Page Background, Paragraph, and Arrange.
Formulas: The Formulas consist of Function Library, Defined Names, Formula Auditing and Calculation
Data: The Data consists of Get External Data, Connections, Sort &Filter, Data Tools, and Outline.
Review: The review tab consists of Proofing, Comments, and Changes.
View: The View tab consists of Workbook Views, Show/Hide, Zoom, Window, and Macros.
WPS PDF consists of Create PDF, WPS PDF Tools, and Settings.
Advantages of Using MS Excel
The advantages of using MS Excel are as follows:
Data Storage: MS Excel is widely used in many organizations as a large amount of data is stored in Excel.
The user can edit and retrieve the data whenever needed. Hence filtering the data is a quick and easy
process.
Data Recovery: Data Recovery is done quickly in Excel. If data is written on paper, it isn't easy to recover
and filter it. But it is easy to find and recover the data in Excel Spreadsheet.
Mathematical Calculations: Excel consists of a variety of formulas that are used to perform mathematical
calculations. Based on the data and requirements, the formula is modified.
Data Privacy: Data security and privacy is ensured in Excel. The Personal Computer and laptop are secured
with a password; hence data is protected.
All data in one place: In earlier days, the records and data were maintained in separate files, which were
difficult to take and time-consuming process. In Excel
the data are stored in one Excel file, which is used to analyze the data whenever needed.
Organized and clear View: The data is stored as a table in MS Excel. Hence the data looks organized and
clear to understand.
Usage of MS Excel
As MS Excel is widely used for various purposes, some of the MS Excel usage is defined as follows:
o Data Entry
o Time Management
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o Accounting
o Financial analysis
o Charting and Graphing
o Financial Modeling
o Programming
o Task Management and Data Management
o Customer Relationship Management(CRM)
o Mathematical Calculations
o Human Resource Management
Terminologies and Components Present in Excel
The terminologies and Components Present in Excel are defined as follows:
Cell: The intersection of Row and column is called Cell
Cell reference: The cells are referenced by the cell name. The respective Cell's horizontal Row and vertical
column numbers assign the cell name.
Active Cell: The current selected Cell is called Active Cell
Workbook: The workbook comprises one or more worksheets.
Worksheet: Multiple worksheets are nested within a single workbook.
Worksheet tab: The worksheet tab is presented at the bottom left of the spreadsheet.
Column and Row Heading: The column letter and row number are outside the rows and columns.
Selecting the Header will select the entire Row and column.
Formula: Formulas in Excel generate the accurate result for the given problem. It is entered in a particular
cell preceded by a "=" sign.
Formula bar: The formula bar or input bar is at the top of the worksheet where the formulas or values are
entered.
Filter: The Filter option is in the Sort & Filter tab in the top right of the Home bar. It displays the user-
specified data in the selected rows and columns.
Auto-fill: The auto-fill option fills the required data in multiple cells. The data containing the respective
Cell is selected, and drag the bottom right corner to the specified amount of Cell to auto-fills the data.
Auto Sum: The Auto Sum feature is used to add the data present in the selected Cell. The Auto Sum option
is present in the top right of the home page in the "Sort and Filter" tab.
Pivot Table: The Pivot table automatically sorts and calculates the data for the selected data. It is presently
left to the Insert tab.
Pivot Chart: The Pivot Chart represents the data in graph format. It is located in the middle of the Insert
Page next to Maps.
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Source Data: The source data is used to create Pivot Table.

Excel Shortcut Keys
The shortcut keys present in Excel are as follows:

Keys Functions

Ctrl+O Open a Workbook

Ctrl+W Close a Workbook

Alt+H Go to the Home tab

Ctrl+S Save a Workbook

Ctrl+C Copy Selection

Ctrl+V Paste Selection

Ctrl+Z Undo recent action

Delete Remove Cell Contents

Alt+H,H Choose a fill color

Ctrl+X Cut Selection

Alt+N Go to Insert tab

Ctrl+B Apply bold formatting

Alt+H, A, C Center align cell contents

Alt+P Go to the Page Layout tab

Alt+A Go to Data Tab

Alt+W Go to View Tab

Shift+F10 or Open the context menu

Windows
Add borders Alt+H,B
Menu Key
Delete Alt+H, D, C
Column
Go to the Alt+M
Formula tab
Hide the Ctrl+9
selected rows
Hide the Ctrl+0
selected
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Features of MS Excel
Some of the salient features of MS Excel are listed as follows:
Programming Language
Excel consists of a programming language called VBA. VBA is called Visual Basic Applications. The
purpose of the programming language is to automate a repetitive task, saving the user time and creating
custom solutions. VBA is used to create macros, a small program that performs repeated everyday tasks
such as formatting the data and generating the report.
Macros
Macros in Excel are used to increase the efficiency and productivity of the data. Macros perform automatic
tasks such as data cleaning, entry, modeling, analysis, etc. It is used to create formulas, which are reused in
the data when needed.
The basic knowledge of VBA should be known to understand macros. Excel contains an in-built macro
recorder that records the user's action and converts the required action into VBA code. One can create
complex macros by modifying the existing code or writing the own code from scratch.
If the user wants to share the macro code with others, it can be saved in a separate file or Excel spreadsheet.
Before sharing, it is necessary to check whether it contains malicious code which attacks the program.
Macros provide several benefits, such as saving user time, improving workflow, and increasing efficiency
and productivity. To ensure privacy, Macros should be used from trusted sources.
Integration
MS Excel provides compatibility with other applications such as PowerPoint and Word. The data present in
Excel can be copied and pasted into these applications if needed. Copying the data to the respective MS
Office applications, the data looks professional, attractive, and organized.
The file format supported by Excel is as follows:
1. TXT
2. XML
3. HTML
4. CSV
These file format helps to share the required data with other applications, or it can import the necessary data
from external sources.
The various external sources connect with MS Excel are as follows:
o SharePoint lists
o SQL Database
o O Data feeds
Security Features
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Excel provides security features such as Password Protection and file encryption
to maintain data security for sensitive and confidential data.
Third-party access and unauthorized access are denied by creating the password for the required files. The
password must be created robustly, not breached easily, and cannot be stored in an insecure location.
Another way to protect the file is by restricting access to the files. The file permission option in Excel
determines who can access the file and the changes done in the file. For example, if the read-only option is
enabled, the third-party user can only read the data, whereas modifying or editing the data is not done.
While sharing the files with other users, the files should be encrypted. Sharing files via email or cloud
services should be protected using an encryption method.
Data Sorting
The Sorting feature in Excel is used to sort the data based on logical order, such as ascending or descending
order.
Formulas and Functions
Excel provides various in-built formulas and functions used to perform calculations and finds a solution for
complex data.
Header and Footer
The Header is at the top of the spreadsheet, where the document's title is entered. The footer is at the bottom
of the spreadsheet, where the page numbers are inserted.
Real-time application
The various formulas and functions are used to generate the result for the required problem. If the existing
data is modified and replaced with new data, the formula and function automatically update the result
regarding the new data.
Insertion of Charts
Excel provides various charts, such as Pie charts, Bar graph charts, and Line charts. For data analysis, the
charts are inserted for the required data, which helps to understand the data quickly and easily.
What is Workbook Window?
In Excel, when we create a new document, we always select a blank workbook, as you already have done in
the previous chapter. When this blank workbook opens up, an interface you see is called a workbook
window.
This workbook window contains several essential components. Most importantly, rows and columns that
together create cells.
In other words, an interface that you see when opening a new or existing document in Excel is called
workbook window and that Excel file is called workbook.
What is Workbook?
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An Excel workbook is a collection of worksheets that stores the data inside rows and columns. A new Excel
workbook is default named as Book1 (see at the top of the Excel). You can provide and save the workbook
according to the data saved in it. A single Excel worksheet consists of around 1,048,576 and 16,384
columns.
Note: A worksheet is also called a spreadsheet.
A workbook has several worksheets, named as Sheet1, Sheet2, Sheet3, … SheetN. You can add these
worksheets to your workbook by clicking on this + symbol near to sheets. One worksheet can be active at a
time. It means - in an Excel workbook, only one worksheet can be active. However, you can more than one
worksheet in a workbook.
Worksheet
Excel files are known as workbooks. Each workbook holds one or more worksheets (also called a
"spreadsheetsx").
Whenever we create a new Excel workbook, it will include one worksheet named Sheet1. A worksheet is a
framework of columns and rows where columns are identified by letters running across the top of
worksheet, and rows are identified by numbers running down the left side of the worksheet.

When working with a high amount of data, we can create multiple worksheets to help organize our
workbook and make it easier to find content. We can also group worksheets to quickly add data to multiple
worksheets at the same time.
Operations on worksheet
Excel enables the users to perform several types of operations on Excel worksheet and its data. For
example, rename a worksheet, insert a new worksheet, delete a worksheet, and many more. See them how
could they performed -
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To rename a worksheet
As we have told you that whenever we create a new Excel workbook, a new worksheet named Sheet1 gets
added to the workbook by default. Excel allows its users to rename the worksheet name.
We can rename a worksheet to reflect its content better. In this example, we will develop a training log
organized by month. Now, follow the given steps below:
1. Right-click the worksheet we wish to rename, then select Rename from the worksheet menu.

2. Type the desired namefor the worksheet.

3. Click anywhere outside of the worksheets, or press the Enteron our keyboard. The worksheet will
be renamed.

To insert a new worksheet

Excel provides a new sheet button (+ symbol) near the worksheet menu that allows the users to add any
number of worksheets to their currently active workbook. See the steps for it -
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1. Locate the new sheet button (+) and click on it to add a new sheet.

2. A new, blank worksheet will occur named as Sheet2.

Similarly, you can add more sheets to your workbook from here.
Note: To change the default number of worksheets, navigate to backstage view, click Options, and then
choose the desired amount of worksheets to contain in each new workbook.
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To delete a worksheet
1. Right-click the worksheet you wish to remove, then select Delete from the worksheet menu.

2. You will see that the targeted worksheet has been deleted from our workbook. Only one worksheet
has remained.

Alternatively, you can also go to Home Tab in the Cells Group, click on Delete and select Delete Sheet.

Note: The Undo button will not undo the deletion of the worksheet.
To copy a worksheet
If we need to duplicate the content of one worksheet to another, Excel allows us to copy an existing
worksheet. Using the few simple steps, you can copy the content of a sheet to the same workbook.
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1. Right-click the worksheet you want to copy, then select Move or Copy from the worksheet menu.

2. A dialogue box named Move or Copy will occur. Select the sheet in the Before Sheet field whose
content you want to copy. We have selected Sheet1.

3. Mark the Create a copy checkbox, then click OK.

You can also select move to end option that will also allow to place a copy of the sheet on the right
of the current sheet.
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4. The worksheet (Sheet1) has been copied and its content is placed in a new sheet present to the left of
the first sheet. It will have a similar title as the original worksheet, as well as a version number.

Note: We can also copy a worksheet to a fully different workbook. We can choose any workbook that is now
open from the To book dropdown menu.
Copy a worksheet to another workbook
Instead of copying the content of a sheet to another sheet within the same workbook, you can also copy the
content to another workbook. Excel allows the users to do it. You just have to choose another workbook in
the To book dropdown menu.
Here, we have steps for it:
1. Choose a new workbook in which you want to move the content.

2. Mark the Create a copy checkbox and click OK.

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3. The same content will be copied to the new workbook.

To move a worksheet
Sometimes we may want to move a worksheet to rearrange our workbook.
1. Select the worksheet we wish to move. The cursor will develop into a small worksheet icon
2. Hold and drag the mouse until the small black arrow emergesabove the desired place.

3. Release the mouse. The worksheet will be changed.

To change the worksheet color
We can change a worksheet's color to help organize our worksheets and make our workbook easier to
navigate.
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1. Right-click the desired worksheet and take the mouse over Tab Color. The Color menu will emerge.

2. Choose the desired color. A live preview of a new worksheet color will develop as the mouse over
different options. In this example, we'll choose Red.

3. The worksheet color will be modified.

The worksheet color is significantly less noticeable when the worksheet is selected. Select another
worksheet to view how the color will emerge when the worksheet is not selected.
The Scrolling Buttons
These buttons scroll the show of sheet tabs one at a time or to show the first and last grouping of sheet tabs
and are placed to the left of the sheet tabs.
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The Scroll Bars

Our spreadsheet may frequently have more data than we can view on-screen at once. Click, hold, and drag
the vertical or horizontal scroll bar depending on what part of the page we want to view.

How to Create and Open Workbooks?

Excel files are known as workbooks. Whenever we start a new project in Excel, we'll need to create a new
workbook. There are different ways to start working with a workbook in Excel 2016. We can choose to
create the new workbook, either with a blank workbook or a predesigned template or open an existing
workbook.
Create a new blank workbook
To create a new blank workbook in MS Excel, follow the given steps -
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1. Select the File tab from where the Excel Backstage view will appear.

2. Select New, and then click the Blank workbook.

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3. A new blank workbook will occur like this.

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Open an existing workbook

In addition to creating new workbooks, we'll often need to open a workbook that was previously stored. An
existing workbook may contain data inside it. We can open it directly from the location where it is stored or
through MS Excel. Follow the given steps below:
1. Navigate to Backstage view from the File menu, then click Open.

2. Now, MS Excel will allow us to open an existing file either from your local computer, or cloud storage
(OneDrive), Recent files.
Open existing files from local storage
To open an existing file from the local computer, click the Browse button here.

3. The Open dialog box will emerge, and you will navigate to the local storage. Locate and select a
workbook, then click Open.
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We have opened an existing workbook named Employee from the Desktop.

Open existing files from cloud storage
If your Excel file is stored on cloud storage like OneDrive, you can open it by following these simple steps:

1. From the Excel backstage view, click on the Open and select OneDrive cloud storage.
2. Now, log in to your OneDrive account from here if you have not logged in.
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Now, open the existing file stored on your cloud storage.

Note: If we've opened the desired workbook recently, we can browse our Recent Workbooks rather than
searching for the file.
Open existing file from Recent files
Excel enables a Recent folder on backstage view. It temporarily keeps recently opened files. If it has your
desired Excel file, you can open it by following these simple steps:
1. From the Excel backstage view, click on the Open and look for the existing file you want to open under
the Recent

Pin a workbook
If we frequently work with the same workbook, you can pin it to the Backstage view for quick access.
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1. Navigate to the Backstage view and then click Open. Our recently edited workbooks will occur.
2. Take the mouse over the workbook we wish to pin. A pushpin icon will emerge next to the workbook.
Click that pushpin icon.

3. The workbook will stay in the Recent Workbook, or you can also find it inside the Pinned tab. To unpin
the workbook, simply click the pushpin icon again.
Note: We can also pin folders to the Backstage view for quick access. From the Backstage view, click Open,
then locate the folder we wish to pin and click the pushpin icon.
Compatibility mode
We may have existing Excel files created in an older version of Microsoft Excel, such as Excel 2003 or
Excel 2000. Sometimes, we need to work with those workbooks to make some changes in them. When we
open these kinds of workbooks, they will occur in Compatibility mode.

Compatibility mode disables certain features. For example, if we open a workbook created in Excel 2003,
we can only use those tabs and commands that were available in Excel 2003.Hence, we can only access
commands found in the program that was used to create the workbook.
In order to exit from Compatibility mode, we'll need to convert the workbook to the current version type. If
we are collaborating with others who just created an earlier version of Excel, it's best to leave the workbook
in the Compatibility mode so the format would not change.
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To convert a workbook
If you want to access all the features of the current version of Excel, you can change the workbook to that
version of the file format. For example, convert an older version workbook to a 2016 file format.
Note that converting the data may cause some changes in the original layout of the workbook.
Follow the steps to make an older file compatible with Excel version 2016:
1. On the Excel Backstage view, click the Info tab on the left panel.

2. Click on the Check for Issue and then Check Compatibility option.

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3. If the current file has any compatibility issue, it will display here. Select a preferred Excel version from
here and click OK.
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3. The Save As dialog box will emerge. Select the location where we want to save the workbook, enter the
file name for presentation, and then click Save.
4. The workbook will be changed to the newest file type.
Saving and Sharing Workbooks
Whenever we create a new workbook in Excel, we'll need to know how to store it to access and edit it later.
As with previous versions of Excel, we can save files locally to our computer. But unlike older versions,
Excel 2016 also lets us save a workbook to the cloud using OneDrive.
Additionally, we can also export and share workbooks with others directly from Excel.
Save and Save As
Excel offers two methods to save a file: Save and Save As. These options work in a similar way, with a few
crucial differences:
o Save: When we create or edit a workbook, we'll use the Save command to save our changes. We'll
use this command most of the time.
When we save a file for the first time, only that time we will need to select a file name and location.
After that, we can just click the Save command to save it with a similar name and location. You can
also use the Ctrl+S shortcut key for it.
o Save As: We'll use this command to create a copy of a workbook while keeping the original. When
we use Save As, we will need to provide a different name and/or location for the copied version.
Steps to save a workbook
It's essential to save our workbook whenever we start a new project or make changes to an existing one.
Saving early and often can prevent our work from being lost.
1. Locate and select the Save command on the Quick Access Toolbar.
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2. If we're saving the file for the first time, the Save As pane will occur in the Backstage view. Where
choose a location to save your file with a new file name.

3. To save the workbook to our computer, click Browse button here. Alternatively, we can click OneDrive
to save the file to your OneDrive.

4. The Save As dialog box will emerge. Select the location in local storage where we want to save the
workbook. Enter the file name for the workbook, then click Save.
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5. The workbook will be saved. We can click the Save command (Ctrl+S) again to save our changes as we
modify the workbook.
Using Save As to make a copy
If we want to save a different version of a workbook while keeping the original, we can create a copy. For
example, if we have a file name "Sales Data" we could save it as "Sales Data 2" so we'll be able to edit the
new file and still refer back to the original version.
On the currently opened file, select the Save As command in the Backstage view. Then follow the same
steps like when storing a file for the first time, we'll need to select where to save the data and give it a new
file name.
AutoRecover
Excel automatically saves our workbooks to a temporary folder while we are working on them. If we forget
to save our changes, or if Excel crashes, we can restore the file using the Excel AutoRecover feature.
To use AutoRecover
1. Open Excel 2016. If auto-saved versions of the file are found, the Document Recovery pane will emerge.
2. Click to open an available data. The workbook will be recovered.
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Note: By default, Excel AutoSaves every 10 minutes. If we are editing a workbook for less than 10 minutes,
Excel may not develop an AutoSaved version.
If we don't see the file we need, we can browse all AutoSaved files from the Backstage view. Just go to File
> Info > Manage Workbooks > Recover Unsaved Workbooks. From here, you can set up the required
autorecover option.
Exporting Workbooks
By default, Excel workbooks are stored in the .xlsx file type. There may be a time when we want to use
another file type, such as a PDF or Excel 97-2003 workbook. It's easy to export our workbook from Excel in
a variety of file types.
To export the workbook as a PDF file
Exporting our workbook as an Adobe Acrobat document, usually called a PDF file, can be especially
helpful if sharing the workbook with someone who does not have Excel. A PDF will make it feasible for
recipients to see, but not to edit the content of our workbook.
1. Click the File tab to create the Backstage view.
2. Click Export, then select Create PDF/XPS.
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3. The Save As dialog box will emerge. Select the location where we wish to export the workbook, enter the
file name and then click Publish.

Note: By default, Excel will only export an active worksheet. If we have multiple worksheets and want to
store all of them in a similar PDF file, click Option in the Save as dialog box. The Options dialog box will
emerge. Select the Entire workbook, then click OK.

To export the workbook in other file types

We may also find it helpful to export our workbook in other file types, such as an Excel 97-2003 Workbook
if we need to share with people using an older version of Excel, or a .CSV file if we need a plain-text
version of our workbook.
1. Click the File tab to create the Backstage view.
2. Click Export, then select Change File Type.
3. Select the common file type, then click Save As.
4. The Save As dialog box will emerge. Select the location where we want to export the workbook,
enter a file name, and then click Save.
Formatting cells in Excel
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We've learned how to navigate Excel spreadsheets, resize rows and columns, and format numbers. But how
do Excel experts get their sheets to look so beautiful? To answer that question, we'll take a look at the
options that Excel includes for cell formatting.

Basic text formatting

If we select any cell and head to the Home tab on the Ribbon, we'll see some basic formatting options at the
top of the ribbon: font style and size; bold, underline, and italics; and borders:

Of particular note are the font color and cell background color drop-downs, which allow us to style cells as
we see fit:

To the right, we'll see a number of paragraph options, including cell vertical alignment (top, middle, or
bottom); horizontal alignment (left, right, and center); and indentation:
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The "wrap text" option on this page allows us to toggle text wrapping within a cell on or off. If toggled on,
text within a cell will automatically wrap to multiple lines rather than being cut off or just appearing on one
line:

And, the "merge and center" button on this same tab allows us to merge multiple cells together to create
headers. Try selecting a block of cells and hitting the "Merge" button to transform it into one larger block.
We usually use this option at the top of charts, like so:
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Advanced formatting
Looking for more cell formatting options? Try right-clicking a cell or selected range of cells; then hitting
the Format Cells... button:

A cell formatting dialogue will appear with a number of tabs that allow us to format our spreadsheet in a ton
of different ways:
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 The Number tab allows us to change number formats with some more expansive options, like
commas (,) and number of decimal places.
 The Alignment tab allows us to choose vertical and horizontal alignment; angle text; wrap text; and
merge and center cells.
 The Font tab allows us to modify text with features like colors; font styles; underlines; bold; italic;
superscript; subscripts; strikethroughs; and different sizes.
 The Border tab allows us to add various borders to our cells, including double borders, thick
borders, and colored borders.
 The Fill tab allows us to fill the backgrounds of cells with custom colors or patterns.
Take some time to explore the Format Cells dialogue to get a feel for all of the formatting options we have
at our fingertips. We can combine these formatting options to beautify our spreadsheets in many different
ways — so have fun and experiment to get a sense for what works well for you!

Custom styles

Excel also has a number of built-in Excel styles available for easy access. Check out the Cell Styles menu
on the Home section of the ribbon to take a look at them. Using these preset styles is a great way to format
our sheets with minimal effort while maintaining consistency across workbooks.
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How we format our spreadsheets

Take a look at the below spreadsheet, which we've formatted using our standard procedure. Of course,
formatting is totally subjective — so you can make your spreadsheet look however you want it to look —
but consider the following as inspiration for where you might want to start.

In the above sheet, we've:

 Formatted column headings with bold styling and a light blue cell background for easy viewing.
We've also added a thick white border to the cells to differentiate them from each other.
 Used Merge and Center on top of column headings, where appropriate.
 Used appropriate number formats to accurately represent the quantities we're analyzing.
 Indented titles appropriately in the first column of our data set to represent the various
components of different quantities. For example, Units sold and Sale price per unit are both
components of Revenue, so they're indented below it to represent dependency.
 Used preset Cell Styles to represent key assumptions and outputs on our sheet.
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Navigation in Excel

The Navigation pane in Excel is an easy way to understand a workbook's layout, see what elements exist
within the workbook, and navigate directly to those elements. Whether you're a new user getting familiar
with Excel, or an experienced user trying to navigate a large workbook, the Navigation pane can help.

Find and access elements such as tables, charts, PivotTables, and images within your workbook. Once
you've opened the Navigation pane, it displays on the right side of the Excel window.

The Navigation pane also makes it easier for those with visual impairments to access all parts of the
workbook. It can improve how tools such as screen readers interpret your workbook.

Open the Navigation pane

In an open workbook, select View > Navigation.

The Navigation pane will open on the right side of the window.

The Navigation pane can also be opened from the status bar at the bottom of the screen. Right-click on the
status bar and select Sheet Number. This will add a sheet count in the status bar.

Select the sheet count in the status bar and select the sheet you want to see. Focus will shift to that sheet and
the Navigation pane will open.
Explore the elements
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When the Navigation pane opens, you’ll see a list of elements such as tables, named ranges, and other
elements from this sheet. Each sheet within the workbook will be in its own section. Select a section to
expand and display its contents.

Each section will show any tables, charts, PivotTables, and images located on the sheet. Selecting an
element will move the focus to that element on the sheet.

If the element is on another sheet within the workbook, the focus will switch to the correct sheet and
element.

Make changes

Some elements can be modified directly from the Navigation Pane. Right-click on the element name to open
a menu of options. Which options are available will depend on the element type.

Charts and images can be renamed, deleted, or hidden from the Navigation pane. PivotTables can only be
renamed. There are no additional options for PivotTables in the Navigation pane.

Formulas
Excel Tutorial
Excel is great for working with numbers and math. Sometimes you do that by entering formulas, and in this
course you'll learn how to add, subtract divide, and multiply by typing formulas into Excel worksheets.
You'll also learn how to use simple formulas that automatically update their results when values change. If
you need to revise a value after a total is calculated, no problem. Just make the change, and Excel updates
the total for you.
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Imagine that Excel is open and you're looking at the Total Acres column. Cell B6 in the worksheet is empty;
the amount of total acreage hasn't been entered yet.
In this lesson you'll learn how to use Excel to do basic math by typing simple formulas into cells. You'll also
learn how to total all the values in a column with a formula that updates its result if values change later on.

The three separate acreage amounts are .28, .20 and .17. The total of these three values is the total acreage
under consideration.
You can add these values in Excel by typing a simple formula into cell B6.
Excel formulas always begin with an equal sign (=). Here's the formula typed into cell C6 to add .28, .20
and .17:
=.28+.20+.17
The plus sign (+) is a math operator that tells Excel to add the values.
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If you wonder later on how you got this result, the formula is visible in the formula bar
near the top of the worksheet whenever you click in cell B6 again.

To do more than add, use other math operators as you type formulas into worksheet cells.
Use a minus sign (-) to subtract, an asterisk (*) to multiply, and a forward slash (/) to divide. Remember to
always start each formula with an equal sign.
Note You could use more than one math operator in a single formula. This course covers only single-
operator formulas, but you should know that if there's more than one operator; formulas are not just
calculated from left to right.
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Another method of calculating the total acreage is to use a prewritten formula, called a function.

You can get the total in cell B5 by clicking Sum in the Editing group on the Home tab. This enters the
SUM function, which adds up all the values in a range of cells. To save time, use this function whenever
you have more than a few values to add up, so that you don't have to type the formula.
Pressing ENTER displays the SUM function result .65 in cell B5. The formula =SUM (B2:B4) appears in
the formula bar whenever you click in cell B5.
B2:B4 is the information, called the argument, which tells the SUM function what to add. By using a cell
reference (B2:B4) instead of the values in those cells, Excel can automatically update results if values
change later on. The colon (:) in B2:B4 indicates a cell range in column B, rows 2 through 4. The
parentheses are required to separate the argument from the function.
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Several of the most common summary statistics can be found on the drop down menu under AutoSum.
Any of these can be used by moving to the cell below the last data item in any column, selecting the drop
down item and hitting enter. Sum will calculate the total value of all numeric entries; Average will
calculate the mean value of those same entries; Count Numbers will calculate the number of numeric
entries; Max will calculate the largest numeric entry; and Min will calculate the smallest numeric entry.

Tip The Sum button is also on the Formulas tab. You can work with formulas no matter what tab you work
on. You might switch to the Formulas tab to work with more complex formulas.

Tip: Especially for large worksheets, you will find it useful to have the column headings visible at all times.
One way to accomplish this is to select the Freeze Panes option under the View tab and then select Freeze
Top Row. It can be unfrozen at any time.
Sometimes it's easier to copy formulas than to create new ones. In this example, you'll see how to copy the
formula used to get the total of all selling prices and use it to add up the Total Cost Values.
First you select cell E103, which contains the sum of the Sale Prices formula. Then, position the mouse
pointer over the lower-right corner of the cell until the black cross (+) appears. Next, drag the fill handle

over cell F103. When the fill handle is released, the Total Cost Values total appears in cell F103.
The formula =SUM (F2:F102) is visible in the formula bar near the top of the worksheet whenever you click
in cell F103.
Notice also that cell F103 may be filled with " # ". That is because there is insufficient width to display the
answer. Column widths can be adjusted manually by clicking on the right vertical border and dragging it.
Excel will also automatically adjust to the widest entry when the user double clicks on the column
boundary.

After the formula is copied, the Auto Fill Options button appears to give you some formatting options.
In this case you wouldn't need to do anything with the button options. The button disappears when you next
make an entry in any cell.
Play this movie to see how a formula is copied.
Note You can drag the fill handle to copy formulas only into cells that are next to each other, either
horizontally or vertically.

Cell references identify individual cells in a worksheet. They tell Excel where to look for values to use in a
formula.
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Excel uses a reference style called A1, which refers to columns with letters and to rows with numbers. The
letters and numbers are called row and column headings.
In this lesson you'll see why Excel can automatically update the results of formulas that use cell references,
and how cell references work when you copy formulas.
What happens if the value in a cell changes after a total is calculated?
Suppose it turned out that the 0.17 value in cell B4 under Total Acres was incorrect. It was actually 0.19
acres instead. You change that amont in one of the ways described previously and hit ENTER.

As the picture shows, when the value in cell B4 changes, Excel automatically updates the total in cell B6
from 0.65 to 0.67. Excel can do this because the original formula =SUM (B2:B4) in cell B6 contains cell
references.
If you had entered specific values into a formula in cell B6, Excel would not be able to update the total.
You'd have to change not only the figures in cell B4, but in the formula in cell B6 as well.
Note You can revise a formula in a selected cell by typing either in the cell or in the formula

bar .
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You can type cell references directly into cells, or you can enter cell references by clicking cells, which
avoids typing errors.
In the first lesson you saw how to use the SUM function to add all the values in a column. You could also
use the SUM function to add just a few values in a column, by selecting the cell references to include.
Imagine that you want to know the combined acreage for parcels 12 and 13. You don't need to store the
total, so you could enter the formula in an empty cell and delete it later. The example uses cell C6.
The example shows you how to enter the formula. You would click the cells you want to include in the
formula instead of typing the cell references. A color marquee surrounds each cell as it is selected and
disappears when you press ENTER to display the result 0.37. The formula =SUM (B3, B4) appears in the
formula bar near the top of the worksheet whenever cell C6 is selected.
The arguments B3 and B4 tell the SUM function what values to calculate with. The parentheses are required
to separate the arguments from the function. The comma, which is also required, separates the arguments.
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Now that you've learned more about using cell references, it's time to talk about different types of
references:
Relative Every relative cell reference in a formula automatically changes when the formula is copied down
a column or across a row. This is why you could copy the Sale Price formula to add up Total Cost Values.
As the example illustrated here shows, when the formula =C4*$D$9 is copied from row to row, the relative
cell references change from C4 to C5 to C6.
Absolute An absolute cell reference is fixed. Absolute references don't change if you copy a formula from
one cell to another. Absolute references have dollar signs ($) like this: $D$9. As the art shows, when the
formula =C4*$D$9 is copied from row to row, the absolute cell reference remains as $D$9.
Mixed A mixed cell reference has either an absolute column and a relative row, or an absolute row and
a relative column. For example, $A1 is an absolute reference to column A and a relative reference to row 1.
As a mixed reference is copied from one cell to another, the absolute reference stays the same but the
relative reference changes.
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Copy everything in the Parcel, Sale Price and Total Cost Value columns to a separate worksheet. Then
enter the formula =C2/B2 in cell D2. You can do that either by typing it directly into D2 or by typing '='
then pointing to C2, typing '/', and finally pointing to B2. The result of 0.822039 should be displayed in D2
after you hit ENTER.
This formula uses relative references. You can see that if you simply copy it to D3. The formula in that
cell is now '=C3/B3'.
Copy this formula down the remainder of column D. This can be done by dragging down to the bottom of
the column or double clicking the mouse with the cursor at the bottom right corner of cell D3.
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Move beyond the bottom of column D to cell D103. Select the Formulas tab and the More
Functions options in the Function Library group. This will cause a drop down menu to appear containing a
list of available functions. Move down that list to MEDIAN and select it.

At that point a dialog box should appear in the center of your screen. It will display the arguments
D2:D102 in the window labeled Number 1. It will also show the result of calculating the median based on
the cells in that range. When you select 'OK', that result will be shown in cell D103.
The formula =MEDIAN (D2:D102) will also appear in the formula window.

Part of the calculation of the coefficient of dispersion (COD) involves finding the absolute difference
between every ratio and the median. The Median ratio has been calculated and is found in cell D103.
Because we want every calculation to reference that cell, we will make that reference in the formula
absolute ($D$103). The reference to each cell containing the ratios can be relative.
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SUM is just one of the many Excel functions. These prewritten formulas simplify the process of entering
calculations. Using functions, you can easily and quickly create formulas that might be difficult to build for
yourself.

You can use the AVERAGE function to find the average absolute deviation from the median.
Excel will enter the formula for you. Click in cell E102. On the Home tab, in the Editing group, click the
arrow on the Sum button, and click Average in the list. The formula =AVERAGE (D2:D101) appears in the

formula bar near the top of the worksheet. Excel will tend to use the closest cell with a
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numeric value in it in these functions. If you placed the cursor at E103, Excel would attempt to use D103
as an argument. If you want the average to appear in E103, you should type the formula in that cell instead
of using the menu.

The coefficient of dispersion can be easily calculated using the previous results. Move your cursor to an
empty cell, say F102 and enter the formula '=E102/D103'.

This is a good place to talk about formatting. There are two ways you as a user may approach formatting.
The first involves changing the way numbers are displayed without changing the underlying number. You
may select this approach when you want an interim report that does not change the underlying number.
The second involves changing the underlying number for both display and further calculation.
The median ratio was calculated as 0.932473. By right clicking on the cell containing the median ratio
(D103), a dialog box appears that allows the user to make several different changes. Using the Number tab
and selecting Percentage, the user can change the display of the median to a percentage.
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Notice when the decimal places are changed to 0 and we hit OK the median changes to 93%. However, all
other figures on the worksheet remain unchanged. That is because only the appearance of the number has
changed.

Another approach changes the underlying number. Remember the original formula for the Ratio was
'=C2/B2' for the first ratio. We can begin adjusting that formula by multiplying the result by 100. We can
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show the result in a separate column or revise the existing ratio. Be sure to separate every function in Excel
with parentheses. Now the formula becomes '= (C2/B2)*100' and the result is 82.20388 for the first ratio.
To represent that ratio as a whole number, we add the Round function to the front of the formula =Round
((and indicate the number of places to round by adding a ',' and a '0'. The final formula appears as
"=ROUND((C2/B2),0)". The number of places to round are indicated by the size of the number, to the
right is indicated by positive numbers (greater than zero), with the sign assumed, and to the left by negative
numbers (less than 0).
=ROUND((C2/B20,0) -> 82
=ROUND((C2/B20,1) -> 82.2
=ROUND((C2/B20,-1) -> 80

The median ratio will have to be reformatted now so that it doesn't show 9300%. The average absolute
deviation has already been rounded along with the ratios.
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It is good practice to label calculated results for future reference.

Some of the other summary statistics that might be helpful are shown below.

0
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You can print formulas and put them up on your bulletin board to remind you how to create them.
To print formulas, you need to display formulas on the worksheet. You do this by clicking

the Formulas tab, and in the Formula Auditing group, clicking Show Formulas .
Hide the formulas on the worksheet by repeating the step to display them.
 You can also press CTRL+` (the ` key is next to the 1 key on most keyboards) to display and hide
formulas.
 Displaying formulas can also help you spot errors.

Sometimes Excel can't calculate a formula because the formula contains an error. If that happens, you'll see
an error value instead of a result in a cell. Here are three common error values:
##### The column is not wide enough to display the contents of this cell. Increase column width,
shrink the contents to fit the column, or apply a different number format.
#REF! A cell reference is not valid. Cells may have been deleted or pasted over.
#NAME? You may have misspelled a function name or used a name that Excel does not recognize. You
should know that cells with error values such as #NAME? may display a color triangle. If you click the cell,

an error button appears to give you some error correction options.

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In this case, the user typed Summary, which is not an Excel function.
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Excel offers many other useful functions, such as date and time functions and functions you can use to
manipulate text.
To see all the other functions, click the arrow on the Sum button in the Editing group on the Home tab, and
then click More Functions in the list. In the Insert Function dialog box that opens, you can search for a
function. This dialog box also gives you another way to enter formulas in Excel. You can also see other
functions by clicking the Formulas tab.
With the dialog box open, you can select a category and then scroll through the list of functions in the
category. Click Help on this function at the bottom of the dialog box to find out more about any function.
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PRINTING FILE IN MS EXCEL

Figure 1.24 Option for print command

As shown in the above figure to print an Excel workbook the Print command available on the Back Stage
view is used, giving different print options. Page Setup link is the last entry available in the Print option,
clicking on this option opens a Page Setup dialog box as shown in below figure,

Figure 1.26 The Page setup dialogbox

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proving additional options to set page, margin, header and footer. By clicking on the Print button, the
default printer prints the document as per the desired settings. 170 The document can be viewed before
printing it in the right side of Back Stage view but the view cannot be changed. To make changes in the
view, View → Workbook Views → Page Layout View is to be selected as shown in the Figure 1.25. Figure
1.24 Options for the Print Command If you want to see from where the pages will be separated during
printing, then the View → Workbook Views → Page Break Preview as shown in Figure 1.25 can be used.
Figure 1.25 The Page Layout View 171 Figure 1.26 The Page Setup Dialog Box

Preparation of Financial Statement

Financial Statements are summary reports that contain the state of a company or organization’s financial
situation. They include reports like balance sheets, income statements, and cash flow statements.

There are 3 main parts of a financial statement report:

Part 1 – Balance Sheet

It summarizes the financial position of the company after a certain period. It is also known as a Statement
of Financial Position/condition. In general, a balance sheet contains 3 sections:

 Assets: These are the main resources owned by the company. Assets can be classified into many
types. Like Current and Fixed assets, Tangible and Intangible assets, etc.
 Liabilities: They are things that the company owes to a person or a company like cash, loans, etc.
 Owners Equity: It represents the value for a company’s shareholders after all the company’s assets
were sold off and all company liabilities were paid off.
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Part 2 – Income Statement

It reports the profit and loss of a company over a certain period. So, the income statement is made of 3 parts:

 Revenue
 Expense
 Profits.
So, it contains all incomes and expenses in a certain period and calculates net profit.

Part 3 – Cash Flow Statement

Cash flow statements are the bridge between the Income statement and the Balance sheet. There are also 3
parts to it:

 Operations: It is the main source of revenue for a company or organization. Cash flows regarding
main operations will be included here.
 Investment Activity: Cash received or paid due to buying or selling any assets, taking loans, paying
interest on loans, etc., are included here.
 Financing Activity: Cash flows regarding any changes in equity earning or borrowing entities like
bonds, stocks, or dividends.
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How to Prepare Financial Statements in Excel: with Easy Steps

Step 1 – Create a Balance Sheet

Part 1 – Create a Layout

 Create 3 individual sections for Assets, Liabilities, and Owner’s equity and assign a cell to calculate
the balance value.
 In the assets section, you can create 2 parts for current assets, fixed assets, and other assets.
 In the liabilities section, there will be two sections for Current and long-term liabilities.
Balance = Assets – Total Liabilities – Owner’s Equity

Part 2 – Calculate Total Assets

 Use the SUM function to calculate the Total Current Assets, Total Fixed Assets, and Total Other
Assets.
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Part 3 – Calculate Total Liabilities and Owner’s Equity:

 Insert the values of current and long-term liabilities and calculate their totals.

 Insert the values of the owner’s equity and sum them to calculate the total.
 Calculate the total liabilities and owner equity value.
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Part 4 – Calculate the Balance Amount:

 Subtract the total liabilities and owner’s equity from the value of the total assets.

 Here’s a sample balance sheet for a company.

Step 2 – Create the Income Statement Sheet

Part 1 – Calculate Total Revenue:

 Calculate the total sales value and subtract the value of the fewer quality products from it.
 Add initial inventory, purchased goods and materials, and labor costs.
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 Subtract the value of ending inventory from the total cost of goods.
 Calculate the gross revenue by subtracting the total cost of goods from the net sales.

Part 2 – Calculate Total Operating Expenses

 Add all relevant items here and sum them to calculate the total operating expenses.
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Part 3 – Calculate Net Profit

 Calculate interest expenses or profit, tax expenses, or anything else that affects your profit.
 Add some items as Non–recurring items.
 Sum them to get the Net Profit value.

 You will get a complete Income Statement Sheet.

Read More: How to Create a Personal Financial Statement in Excel

Step 3 – Create Cash Flow Statement Sheet

Part 1 – Create a Layout:

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 Create a layout to allocate the cash flow items into 3 different categories for operations, investment
activity, and financial activity.

Part 2 – Calculate Net Cash Flow of Operations:

 You can receive cash from clients or many other sources and cash be paid for many reasons like
inventory, salary, administrative expense, interest, expense, etc.
 Subtract the cash-paid value from the cash received value to get the net cash flow of operations.

Part 3 – Calculate Net Cash Flow of Investments

 The items relevant to the assets of the company include properties, machinery, loans, investment
securities, etc.
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Part 4 – Calculate Net Cash Flow of Financial Activities

 Include items like stock issuance, borrowings, dividends, etc.

 You will get the Cash flow statement of the company.

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Data Analysis in Excel

Data Analysis with Excel is a detailed lesson that gives readers a clear understanding of the newest
and most sophisticated functions offered by Microsoft Excel. It describes in detail how to use MS-
capabilities Excel to carry out various Data Analysis Excel tasks. The guide includes a good amount of
screenshots that step-by-step demonstrate how to use various features. One of the most used programs for
Data Analysis Excel is Microsoft Excel. You can simply import, browse, clean, analyze, and display your
data using this all-in-one data management tool.

In this article, we will explore each and everything of Data Analysis in Excel and learn about Data analysis
excel.
Table of Content
 What is Data Analysis?
 Excel for Data Analysis
 Methods of Data Analysis
 Excel functions for data analysis
 Frequently Asked Questions(FAQs)

What is Data Analysis?

Data analysis is the process of inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data to discover
useful information, draw conclusions, and support decision-making. It involves a variety of techniques and
methods, including Data Analysis Excel, for extracting insights from raw data, with the ultimate goal of
gaining a deeper understanding of patterns, trends, relationships, and characteristics within the dataset.
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Utilizing tools like Data Analysis Excel can significantly enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the
analysis process.
Excel for Data Analysis
Data analysis with Excel is a common and accessible way for individuals and businesses to analyze
and visualize data. Microsoft Excel provides a range of tools and functions for performing basic to advanced
data analysis tasks. The software enables users to seamlessly import and organize data from various sources,
facilitating a structured foundation for Data Analysis Excel.
Data cleaning becomes an intuitive process with Excel’s capabilities, allowing users to identify and rectify
issues like missing values and duplicates. PivotTables, a hallmark feature, empower users to swiftly
summarize and explore large datasets, providing dynamic insights through customizable cross-tabulations,
making Data Analysis Excel an essential skill for professionals.
Methods of Data Analysis
Charts
Any set of information may be graphically represented in a chart. A chart is a graphic representation of data
that employs symbols to represent the data, such as bars in a bar chart or lines in a line chart. Data Analysis
Excel offers several different chart types available for you to choose from, or you can use the Excel
Recommended Charts option to look at charts specifically made for your data and choose one of those.
Step 1: Select a table. After that go to the Insert tab on the top of the ribbon then in the charts group select
any chart. Here we are going to select a 3-D column chart.

Step 2: As you can see, the excel table has been converted to a 3-D column chart.
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Bar Graph
Conditional Formatting
Patterns and trends in your data may be highlighted with the help of conditional formatting. To use it
in Data Analysis Excel, write rules that determine the format of cells based on their values. In Excel for
Windows, conditional formatting can be applied to a set of cells, an Excel table, and even a PivotTable
report. To execute conditional formatting, adhere to the instructions listed below.
Step 1: Select any column from the table. Here we are going to select a Quarter column. After that go to
the home tab on the top of the ribbon and then in the styles group select conditional formatting and then in
the highlight cells rule select Greater than an option.

Step 2: Then a greater than dialog box appears. Here first write the quarter value and then select the
color.

Step 3: As you can see in the excel table Quarter column change the color of the values that are greater
than 6.
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Sorting
Data analysis Excel requires sorting the data. A list of names may be arranged alphabetically, a list of sales
numbers can be arranged from highest to lowest, or rows can be sorted by colors or icons. Sorting data
makes it easier to immediately view and comprehend your data, organize and locate the facts you need, and
ultimately help you make better decisions. Both columns and rows can be used to sort. You’ll utilize column
sorts for the majority of your sorting. By text, numbers, dates, and times, a custom list, format, including
cell color, font color, or icon set, you may sort data in one or more columns.
Step 1: Select any column from the table. Here we are going to select a Months column. After that go to
the data tab on the top of the ribbon and then in the sort and filters group select sort.

Step 2: Then a sort dialog box appears. Here first select the column, then select sort on, and then
Order. After that click OK.
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Step 3: Now as you can see the months column is now arranged alphabetically.

Filter
You may use filtering to pull information from a given Range or table that satisfies the specified criteria in
data analysis excel. This is a fast method of just showing the data you require. Data in a Range, table, or
PivotTable may be filtered. You may use Selected Values to filter data. You may adjust your filtering
options in the Custom AutoFilter dialogue box that displays when you click a Filter option or the Custom
Filter link that is located at the end of the list of Filter options.
Step 1: Select any column from the table. Here we are going to select a Sales column. After that go to
the data tab on the top of the ribbon and then in the sort and filters group select filter.
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Step 2: The values in the sales column are then shown in a drop-down box. Here we are going to select a
number of filters and then greater than.

Step 3: Then a custom auto filler dialog box appears. Here we are going to apply sales greater than 70 and
then click OK.
Step 4: Now as you can see only the rows greater than 70 are shown.

Excel functions for data analysis

LEN
=LEN quickly returns the character count in a given cell. The =LEN formula may be used to calculate the
number of characters needed in a cell to distinguish between two different kinds of product Stock Keeping
Units, as seen in the example above. When trying to discern between different Unique Identifiers, which
might occasionally be lengthy and out of order, LEN is very crucial.
=LEN(Select Cell)
Step 1: If we want to see the length of cell A2, for that we need to write the function of length.

Step 2: Now as you can see it shows the length of the cell A2.
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TRIM
=TRIM function will remove all spaces from a cell, with the exception of single spaces between words. The
most frequent application of this function is to get rid of trailing spaces. When content is copied verbatim
from another source or when users insert spaces at the end of the text, this is normal.
=TRIM(Select Cell)
Step 1: If we want to remove all spaces from cell A2, for that we need to write the function of trim.

Step 2: Now as you can see after using the trim function, it removes all spaces.

UPPER
The Excel Text function “UPPER Function” will change the text to all capital letters (UPPERCASE). As a
result, the function changes all of the characters in a text string input to upper case.
=UPPER(Text)
Text (mandatory parameter): This is the text that we wish to change to uppercase. Text can relate to a cell
or be a text string.
Step 1: If we want to convert the A2 cell to upper text, for that we need to write the upper function.

Step 2: Now as you can see after using the upper function, the text is changed to the upper text.

PROPER
Under Excel Text functions, the PROPER Function is listed. Any subsequent letters of text that come after a
character other than a letter will also be capitalized by PROPER.
=PROPER(Text)
Text (mandatory parameter): A formula that returns text, a cell reference, or text in quote marks must
surround the text you wish to partly capitalize.
Step 1: If we want to convert the A2 cell to proper text, for that we need to write the proper function.

Step 2: Now as you can see after using the proper function, the text is changed to the proper form.

The PROPER function changes the initial letter of every word, letters that follow digits, and other
punctuation to uppercase. It could be where we least expect it. The characters for numbers and punctuation
remain unaffected.
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COUNTIF
Excel has a built-in function called COUNTIF that counts the given cells. The COUNTIF function can be
used in both straightforward and sophisticated applications in data analysis excel. The fundamental
application of counting particular numbers and words is covered in this.
=COUNTIF(range,criteria)
 Range: The size of the cell range to count.
 Criteria: The standards by which cells are selected for counting.
Step 1: Use the COUNTIF function on the range B2:B20 to get the number of regions we have of each
type.
Step 2: The COUNTIF function will now be used to count the different sorts of Regions in the range
F5:F9.
Step 3: Now as you can see the 4 East Region has been correctly enumerated using the COUNTIF
function.
AVERAGEIF
An Excel built-in function called AVERAGEIF determines the average of a range depending on a true or
false condition.
=AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, [average_range])
 Range: The size of the cell range to count.
 Criteria: The standards by which cells are selected for counting.
 Average Range: The range in which the function computes the average is known as the average range.
But the average range is not required.
Step 1: Use the AVERAGEIF function on the range B2:B10 to get the average speed of vehicles.

Step 2: The AVERAGEIF function will now be used to find the average of Vehicles in the range H4:H7.

Step 3: Now as you can see the 62.333 Car average has been correctly enumerated using the AVERAGEIF
function.

SUMIF
A built-in Excel function called SUMIF determines if a condition is true or false before adding the values in
a range.
=SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range])
 Range: The size of the cell range to count.
 Criteria: The standards by which cells are selected for counting.
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 Sum Range: The range that the function uses to calculate the total is known as the sum range.
Step 1: Use the SUMIF function on the range B2:B10 to get the sum of the vehicle’s speed.

Step 2: The SUMIF function will now be used to find the sum of Vehicles’ speed in the range H4:H7.

Step 3: Now as you can see the 187 Car sum has been correctly enumerated using the SUMIF function.

VLOOKUP
VLOOKUP is a built-in Excel function that permits searching across several columns.
=VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])
 Lookup_value: Choose the cell that will be used to input the search criteria.
 Table_array: The whole table range, which includes each and every cell.
 Col_index_num: The information being searched for. The column’s number, starting from the left, is the
input.
 Range_lookup: FALSE if text (0), TRUE if numbers (1).
Step 1: To locate the Festival names depending on their search ID, use the VLOOKUP function. The
Festival names in this instance are determined by their search ID.

Step 2: F5 was chosen as the lookup value. The search query is typed in this cell. Table array, in this
case, A2:C20, is designated as the table’s range. The col index number is set to 3, which is entered. The
information being searched is in the third column from the left. Range lookup is entered as 0 (False).

Step 3: The #N/A value is what the function returns. This is the result of the Search ID F5 having no value
entered.

Step 4: The Homegrown Festival, which has Search ID 6, has been located through the VLOOKUP tool.

PIVOT TABLE
In order to create the required report, a pivot table is a statistics tool that condenses and reorganizes specific
columns and rows of data in a spreadsheet or database table. The utility simply “pivots” or rotates the data
to examine it from various angles rather than altering the spreadsheet or database itself.
Step 1: Select any cell and then go to the home tab and then select Pivot table.

Step 2: Create Pivot table dialog box appears here select the new worksheet and then click OK.
 OFFICE AUTOMATION

Step 3: Now you can see it creates a pivot table.

Step 4: Just drag the Country field to the row area and the Days field to the value area.

Step 5: Now you can see the proper pivot table with Country and days fields.

Conclusion
In conclusion, mastering Data Analysis Excel techniques can significantly enhance your ability to interpret
and manage data effectively. By utilizing features such as conditional formatting, PivotTables, and various
built-in functions, you can uncover valuable insights and make data-driven decisions with confidence.
Whether you are a beginner or an experienced user, continually exploring and applying new Data Analysis
Excel methods will keep you at the forefront of data analysis and ensure you make the most of this powerful
tool.