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Module 3 Notes

The document covers various modules related to finite element analysis, including the derivation of global matrices for spring assemblies and the Constant-Strain Triangular (CST) element. It provides worked examples for 3D stress and strain, as well as plate bending elements, detailing the stiffness matrix and its relationship to nodal displacements and applied forces. The document emphasizes the importance of shape functions and material properties in deriving the stiffness matrices for different element types.

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3 views41 pages

Module 3 Notes

The document covers various modules related to finite element analysis, including the derivation of global matrices for spring assemblies and the Constant-Strain Triangular (CST) element. It provides worked examples for 3D stress and strain, as well as plate bending elements, detailing the stiffness matrix and its relationship to nodal displacements and applied forces. The document emphasizes the importance of shape functions and material properties in deriving the stiffness matrices for different element types.

Uploaded by

mikiyasdessie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MOLUDULE - 2

Let's solve Q5: For the spring assembly shown in the figure, we need to derive the:
 Global force matrix
 Global displacement matrix
 Global stiffness matrix
Let me know if you want the derivative of shape functions (needed for strain-displacement
matrix) or to extend this to natural coordinates
MODULE-3
Constant-Strain Triangular (CST) Element Overview
A CST element is a 2D triangular element with three nodes and linear displacement
interpolation. It assumes constant strain over the element.
Two-Dimensional State of Stress and Strain
Here is a worked example for understanding the Two-Dimensional State
of Stress and Strain, specifically for plane stress conditions. This is
fundamental in finite element analysis, especially when dealing with thin
structures like plates.
Derivation of the Constant-Strain Triangular(CST) Element
Stiffness Matrix and Equations
WORKED EXAMPLE: CST ELEMENT STIFFNESS MATRIX
Worked Example Based on CST Derivation (Like Fig. 6.6)
MODULE 5
3D Stress and Strain
Applications:

 Dam bodies, bridges, machine parts, soil structures


Worked examples
Example: 8-Node Hexahedral (Brick) Element Under Body Force
Step 1: Define Element Geometry

We assume a regular brick element in global coordinates with side length a


in x, b in y, and c in z.

Node coordinates:

Node 1: (0, 0, 0)

Node 2: (a, 0, 0)

Node 3: (a, b, 0)

Node 4: (0, b, 0)

Node 5: (0, 0, c)

Node 6: (a, 0, c)

Node 7: (a, b, c)

Node 8: (0, b, c)
The typical finite element formulation for a linear 4-node
tetrahedral element (T4).
YES
MODULE 5
Plate bending
The stiffness matrix for a plate bending element describes the resistance of a
plate to bending deformations. It relates the nodal displacements
(deflections and rotations) to the applied forces (bending moments and shear
forces). A common example is the plate bending element with three nodes,
where the stiffness matrix relates the nodal deflections and rotations to the
applied moments.

Worked Example: 3-Node Plate Bending Element

Let's consider a simple 3-node plate element with a single degree of freedom
per node (deflection at the node). The stiffness matrix for such an element
can be derived using the finite element method.

1. Define the Element:

 Nodal Points: Let's assume the element has three nodes: 1, 2, and 3.

 Displacement Field: We assume a linear interpolation for the


deflection, denoted by 'w(x, y)'. This means the deflection at any point
within the element can be written as:

w(x, y) = N1(x, y) * w1 + N2(x, y) * w2 + N3(x, y) * w3

where:

 w1, w2, w3 are the deflections at nodes 1, 2, and 3 respectively.

 N1, N2, N3 are the shape functions (interpolation functions). For a


linear interpolation, these would be linear functions of x and y.

 Material Properties: We need Young's modulus (E) and Poisson's


ratio (ν) of the plate material.

 Thickness: The thickness (h) of the plate.

2. Define the Stiffness Matrix:

The stiffness matrix 'K' relates the nodal forces to the nodal
displacements. It's derived by minimizing the total potential energy of the
plate. In this case, the stiffness matrix will be a 3x3 matrix (since we have 3
degrees of freedom).

3. Calculate the Stiffness Matrix (Simplified):


The stiffness matrix elements can be calculated using the following integral:

Code

Kij = ∫∫ B' * D * B dxdy

where:

 B is the strain-displacement matrix, which relates the nodal deflections


to the strains (bending curvatures).

 D is the material stiffness matrix, which relates the bending moments


to the bending curvatures.

 ∫∫ represents the integration over the area of the element.

4. Example Values (Illustrative):

Let's assume a simplified element area and material properties for


demonstration. We'll assume a square element for simplicity.

 Element Area: Assume the area of the element is 100 square units.

 Material Stiffness: Let's assume the material stiffness is 1.0 * 10^6


(units to be specified).

 Shape Functions: For simplicity, we'll assume a constant deflection


across the element (w1 = w2 = w3), so the shape functions become
constants (e.g., 1/3, 1/3, 1/3).

5. Example Stiffness Matrix (Simplified):

Based on the above assumptions, a simplified stiffness matrix might look like
this:

Code

K = [[k11, k12, k13],


[k21, k22, k23],
[k31, k32, k33]]

where:

 k11 = k22 = k33 = 100000000/9

 k12 = k13 = k21 = k23 = k31 = k32 = 100000000/9

6. Interpretation:
This matrix relates the applied bending moments at the nodes to the
resulting deflections. For instance, a force applied at node 1 will cause
deflections at all nodes, and the stiffness matrix elements (k11, k12, k13,
etc.) quantify those relationships.

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