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JUnit Interview Guide

JUnit is a unit testing framework for Java that allows developers to write and run repeatable tests, with JUnit 4 and JUnit 5 being the most commonly used versions. JUnit 5 consists of three main components: JUnit Platform, JUnit Jupiter, and JUnit Vintage, and includes various annotations for test management and assertions. The document also covers best practices for writing tests, differences between JUnit 4 and 5, and common interview questions related to JUnit.

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3 views4 pages

JUnit Interview Guide

JUnit is a unit testing framework for Java that allows developers to write and run repeatable tests, with JUnit 4 and JUnit 5 being the most commonly used versions. JUnit 5 consists of three main components: JUnit Platform, JUnit Jupiter, and JUnit Vintage, and includes various annotations for test management and assertions. The document also covers best practices for writing tests, differences between JUnit 4 and 5, and common interview questions related to JUnit.

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sxqjvsjng4
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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JUnit Interview Guide

1. What is JUnit?

JUnit is a unit testing framework for Java programming language. It helps developers write and run

repeatable tests.

- JUnit 4 and JUnit 5 (also called Jupiter) are the most commonly used versions.

- It is used to test individual units of source code (methods/classes).

2. JUnit 5 Architecture

JUnit 5 = JUnit Platform + JUnit Jupiter + JUnit Vintage

- **JUnit Platform**: Foundation for launching testing frameworks.

- **JUnit Jupiter**: New programming model for writing tests in JUnit 5.

- **JUnit Vintage**: Supports running older JUnit 3 & 4 tests.

3. Common JUnit 5 Annotations

- @Test - Marks a method as a test

- @BeforeEach - Runs before each test method

- @AfterEach - Runs after each test method

- @BeforeAll - Runs once before all tests (static method)

- @AfterAll - Runs once after all tests (static method)

- @Disabled - Disables a test class or method

- @DisplayName - Sets custom name for test method


JUnit Interview Guide

4. Assertions

- assertEquals(expected, actual)

- assertTrue(condition)

- assertFalse(condition)

- assertThrows(Exception.class, () -> { /* code */ })

- assertAll(() -> assertEquals(...), () -> assertTrue(...))

- assertTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(1), () -> { /* code */ })

5. Parameterized Tests

Use @ParameterizedTest with @ValueSource, @CsvSource, etc.

Example:

@ParameterizedTest

@ValueSource(strings = { "racecar", "radar", "level" })

void testPalindrome(String word) {

assertTrue(isPalindrome(word));

6. Mockito with JUnit

Mockito is used to mock dependencies and verify interactions.

Basic Example:

@Mock

private MyService service;


JUnit Interview Guide

@InjectMocks

private MyController controller;

@BeforeEach

void setup() {

MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(this);

@Test

void testServiceCall() {

when(service.getData()).thenReturn("Mocked");

assertEquals("Mocked", controller.fetchData());

7. JUnit 4 vs JUnit 5

| Feature | JUnit 4 | JUnit 5 |

|-----------------|----------------|------------------|

| Annotations | org.junit.* | org.junit.jupiter.* |

| Test Runner | @RunWith | Extension Model |

| Parameter Tests | @RunWith | @ParameterizedTest |

| Parallel Tests | Limited | Supported |

| Lambda Support | No | Yes |

8. Best Practices
JUnit Interview Guide

- Write tests for all critical business logic.

- Keep tests independent and repeatable.

- Use meaningful method names (testMethodName_shouldDoSomething).

- Prefer assertions over logs.

- Avoid hardcoding - use constants or factories.

- Use test coverage tools (e.g., JaCoCo).

9. Interview Questions

- What's the difference between JUnit 4 and JUnit 5?

- How do you test exceptions in JUnit?

- What is the use of @BeforeEach vs @BeforeAll?

- What are mocks and spies?

- What are the benefits of unit testing?

- How do you run parameterized tests in JUnit 5?

- How can you test private methods?

- How do you integrate JUnit with Maven or Gradle?

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