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Computer Science Answers

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3 views4 pages

Computer Science Answers

Uploaded by

nikhilkumarmainpura
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Answers to Computer Science

Questions
Question 1(g):
Define switching.

Switching is a technique used in telecommunications and computer networks to route data


from a source to a destination. It enables the transmission of data through multiple paths to
reach its destination efficiently. There are three main types:
- Circuit Switching – Establishes a dedicated path between sender and receiver (e.g.,
telephone network).
- Packet Switching – Data is broken into packets, each sent independently (e.g., the internet).
- Message Switching – Entire messages are routed and stored before forwarding.

Question 1(h):
What is the purpose of testing?

The purpose of testing is to identify errors, gaps, or missing requirements in software. It


ensures that the software meets the required standards and performs its intended
functions. Types of testing include:
- Unit testing
- Integration testing
- System testing
- Acceptance testing

Question 1(i):
What is the difference between a process and a program?

- Program: A set of instructions written in a programming language that performs a specific


task. It is a passive entity (stored on disk).
- Process: A program in execution. It is an active entity and includes program code, memory,
and system resources.
Question 1(j):
How to define Intranet?

An Intranet is a private network accessible only to an organization’s staff. It uses internet


protocols and services such as web browsers and servers, but it is restricted to internal use,
enhancing collaboration, communication, and data sharing within the organization.

Question 2(a):
Explain the characteristics of digital computers.

- Speed – High processing speed


- Accuracy – High precision and reliability
- Automation – Performs tasks automatically
- Versatility – Can perform different types of jobs
- Storage – Stores large volumes of data

Question 2(b):
Draw a flowchart to find the largest among three numbers.

Start → Input A, B, C → If A > B and A > C → A is largest


Else if B > C → B is largest
Else → C is largest → Display → End

Question 2(c):
Define the difference between RAM and ROM.

| Feature | RAM | ROM |


|--------|-----|-----|
| Full Form | Random Access Memory | Read Only Memory |
| Volatility | Volatile | Non-volatile |
| Usage | Temporary storage | Permanent storage |
| Modifiability | Read/Write | Mostly Read-only |

Question 2(d):
What are the BATCH files in MS-DOS?
Batch files are text files containing a series of commands to be executed by the command-
line interpreter in DOS or Windows. File extension is .BAT. Used for automating repetitive
tasks like backups, file copying, etc.

Question 2(e):
Explain the idea of multiplexing.

Multiplexing is a technique that combines multiple signals for transmission over a single
communication channel. It increases efficiency and reduces cost. Types:
- TDM (Time Division Multiplexing)
- FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing)
- WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing)

Question 3:
Discuss the different types of switching technique.

- Circuit Switching: Dedicated path; used in telephony.


- Packet Switching: Data divided into packets; used in the Internet.
- Message Switching: Whole messages transmitted; slower due to storage delay.

Question 4:
What is the difference between computer hardware and software?
Discuss the different categories of computer hardware.

- Hardware: Physical components (e.g., CPU, RAM).


- Software: Set of instructions that operate hardware.
Categories of Hardware:
1. Input Devices – Keyboard, Mouse
2. Output Devices – Monitor, Printer
3. Processing Devices – CPU
4. Storage Devices – Hard Disk, SSD

Question 5:
What is computer output microfilm? Discuss the classification of
secondary storage devices.
COM is a method to archive data by converting digital output into microfilm for long-term
storage. It's durable, secure, and space-saving.
Classification of Secondary Storage Devices:
- Magnetic Storage – Hard disks, tapes
- Optical Storage – CDs, DVDs
- Solid-State Storage – SSDs, USB drives

Question 6:
What are the features of good programming language? Write an
algorithm to calculate a factorial of an N number.

Features:
- Simplicity
- Readability
- Portability
- Modularity
- Efficiency
- Robustness
Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input N
Step 3: Set Fact = 1
Step 4: Repeat from i = 1 to N → Fact = Fact * i
Step 5: Output Fact
Step 6: End

Question 7:
Discuss the layers of TCP/IP model.

1. Application Layer – End-user services (HTTP, FTP)


2. Transport Layer – End-to-end communication (TCP, UDP)
3. Internet Layer – Logical addressing and routing (IP)
4. Network Access Layer – Physical transmission (Ethernet, Wi-Fi)

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