1.
Basic Plotting Functions
Function Description
plt.plot(x, y) Line plot
plt.scatter(x, y) Scatter plot
plt.bar(x, height) Vertical bar chart
plt.barh(y, width) Horizontal bar chart
plt.hist(data) Histogram
plt.pie(sizes) Pie chart
plt.boxplot(data) Box and whisker plot
plt.stackplot(x, y) Stack plot
2. Labels and Titles
Function Description
plt.title("Title") Add title to graph
plt.xlabel("X Label") Label for X-axis
plt.ylabel("Y Label") Label for Y-axis
plt.legend() Show legend for labels in plot
plt.grid(True) Show grid
plt.text(x, y, "text") Place custom text on plot
3. Styling and Customization
Function Description
plt.plot(x, y, 'r--') Red dashed line (r-- = red + dashed)
plt.style.use('ggplot') Use predefined plot styles
plt.figure(figsize=(w,h)) Set figure size
plt.axis([xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax]) Set axis limits
plt.xlim() / plt.ylim() Set X or Y limits
plt.xticks() / plt.yticks() Customize tick marks
4. Subplots and Layouts
Function Description
plt.subplot(nrows, ncols, index) Add subplot (e.g. plt.subplot(2,2,1))
plt.subplots() Create figure and axes (object-oriented)
plt.tight_layout() Prevent overlapping elements
Basic Plotting Functions
# 1. Line Plot
x=[2, 4, 6, 12, 9]
y = [10, 15, 13, 18, 16]
plt.figure(figsize=(6,4))
plt.plot(x, y, marker='o')
plt.title("Line Plot: Stock Price Over Days")
plt.xlabel("Day")
plt.ylabel("Stock Price")
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()
x---------------------------------------------------------------------x
# 2. Scatter Plot
study_hours = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
scores = [50, 55, 65, 70, 85]
plt.figure(figsize=(6,4))
plt.scatter(study_hours, scores, color='red')
plt.title("Scatter Plot: Study Hours vs Exam Score")
plt.xlabel("Study Hours")
plt.ylabel("Exam Score")
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()
x---------------------------------------------------------------------x
# 3. Bar Chart (Vertical)
products = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']
sales = [150, 200, 300, 250]
plt.figure(figsize=(6,4))
plt.bar(products, sales, color='green')
plt.title("Bar Chart: Product Sales")
plt.xlabel("Product")
plt.ylabel("Sales")
plt.show()
x---------------------------------------------------------------------x
# 4. Horizontal Bar Chart
countries = ['USA', 'India', 'China', 'Brazil']
population = [331, 1391, 1441, 213]
plt.figure(figsize=(6,4))
plt.barh(countries, population, color='orange')
plt.title("Horizontal Bar Chart: Country Population (Millions)")
plt.xlabel("Population")
plt.ylabel("Country")
plt.show()
x---------------------------------------------------------------------x
# 5. Histogram
ages = [22, 25, 27, 25, 30, 35, 40, 23, 33, 25, 29, 40, 50]
plt.figure(figsize=(6,4))
plt.hist(ages, bins=5, color='purple', edgecolor='black')
plt.title("Histogram: Age Distribution")
plt.xlabel("Age")
plt.ylabel("Frequency")
plt.show()
x---------------------------------------------------------------------x
# 6. Pie Chart
departments = ['HR', 'R&D', 'Marketing', 'IT']
budget = [20, 40, 25, 15]
plt.figure(figsize=(6,6))
plt.pie(budget, labels=departments, autopct='%1.1f%%', startangle=140)
plt.title("Pie Chart: Budget Allocation")
plt.show()
x---------------------------------------------------------------------x
# 7. Box and Whisker Plot
scores = [65, 70, 72, 68, 75, 80, 85, 90, 88, 95, 100]
plt.figure(figsize=(6,4))
plt.boxplot(scores)
plt.title("Boxplot: Test Scores")
plt.ylabel("Score")
plt.show()
x---------------------------------------------------------------------x
# 8. Stack Plot
months = ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May']
food = [200, 220, 250, 270, 300]
rent = [800, 800, 800, 800, 800]
utilities = [150, 160, 170, 180, 190]
plt.figure(figsize=(6,4))
plt.stackplot(months, food, rent, utilities, labels=['Food', 'Rent', 'Utilities'])
plt.title("Stack Plot: Monthly Expenses")
plt.xlabel("Month")
plt.ylabel("Cost")
plt.legend(loc='upper left')
plt.show()
Styling and Customization
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
days = np.arange(1, 6)
actual = [10, 15, 13, 18, 16]
predicted = [11, 14, 14, 17, 17]
plt.figure(figsize=(6, 4))
plt.plot(days, actual, 'b-', label='Actual') # Solid blue line
plt.plot(days, predicted, 'r--', label='Predicted') # Red dashed line
plt.title("Stock Price: Actual vs Predicted")
plt.xlabel("Day")
plt.ylabel("Price")
plt.legend()
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()
x---------------------------------------------------------------------x
plt.style.use('ggplot') # Apply global styling
study_hours = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
scores = [50, 55, 65, 70, 85]
plt.figure(figsize=(6, 4))
plt.scatter(study_hours, scores, color='purple')
plt.title("Study Hours vs Exam Score")
plt.xlabel("Study Hours")
plt.ylabel("Score")
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()
x------------------------------------------------------------------------x
countries = ['USA', 'India', 'China', 'Brazil']
population = [331, 1391, 1441, 213]
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6)) # Increase width and height
plt.barh(countries, population, color='orange')
plt.title("Population by Country")
plt.xlabel("Population (Millions)")
plt.ylabel("Country")
plt.show()
Numpy
arr = np.arange(0, 11, 2)
print("Array with step 2:", arr)
x----------------------------------------------------------------x
arr = np.linspace(0, 1, 5)
print("Linearly spaced array:", arr)
x-----------------------------------------------------------------x
data = np.array([10, 20, 30, 40])
print("Sum:", np.sum(data))
print("Min:", np.min(data))
print("Max:", np.max(data))
Bar Chart Example
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Data
categories = ['Math', 'Science', 'English', 'History']
scores = [88, 92, 79, 85]
# Plot
plt.bar(categories, scores, color='skyblue')
plt.title('Student Scores')
plt.xlabel('Subjects')
plt.ylabel('Marks')
plt.show()
Pie Chart Example
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#Data
activities = ['Sleep', 'Work', 'Exercise', 'Leisure']
hours = [8, 9, 2, 5]
# Plot
plt.pie(hours, labels=activities, autopct='%1.1f%%', startangle=90)
plt.title('Daily Activity Breakdown')
plt.axis('equal') # Makes pie a circle
plt.show()
Scatter Plot Example
python
CopyEdit
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Data
x = [5, 7, 8, 7, 2, 17, 2, 9]
y = [99, 86, 87, 88, 100, 86, 103, 87]
# Plot
plt.scatter(x, y, color='red', marker='o')
plt.title('Age vs Score')
plt.xlabel('Age')
plt.ylabel('Score')
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()
Multiple Lines on One Graph
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Data
days = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
temperature = [30, 32, 34, 33, 31]
humidity = [60, 65, 63, 62, 64]
# Plot multiple lines
plt.plot(days, temperature, label='Temperature (°C)', color='orange', marker='o')
plt.plot(days, humidity, label='Humidity (%)', color='blue', marker='s')
plt.title('Weather Report')
plt.xlabel('Day')
plt.ylabel('Measurement')
plt.legend()
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()
