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CBSE Class 10 Computer Applications

Complete notes to Ace in 10th board

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3 views4 pages

CBSE Class 10 Computer Applications

Complete notes to Ace in 10th board

Uploaded by

mohato1046
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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CBSE Class 10 Computer Applications:

Chapter 2: Introduction to HTML

1. History of HTML – HTML-HyperText Markup Language.

 Developed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991.


 First version was simple; now latest is HTML5.
 It is the backbone of all web pages.

2. Features of HTML

 Easy to learn and use.


 Platform-independent (works on all devices).
 Supports multimedia (images, videos, audio).
 Free and open (no license needed).
 Links pages using hyperlinks (<a> tag).

3. Basic Terminologies

 Tag: A command enclosed in < > like <p>.


 Element: Complete structure, e.g., <p>This is a paragraph.</p>.
 Attribute: Extra info in a tag, e.g., <img src="img.jpg" alt="Image">.
 Container Tag: Has opening and closing tags, e.g., <b> </b>.
 Empty Tag: No closing tag, e.g., <br>.

4. Creating an HTML Document

 Use text editor (Notepad or VS Code).


 Save with .html extension.
 Example file name: index.html.

5. Attributes

 Added inside the opening tag.


 Gives additional details.
 Syntax: name="value" (e.g., src="image.jpg").

6. Comments

 Used for notes, not shown in browser.


 Helps programmers understand code.
 Syntax: <!-- This is a comment -->
7. Character Formatting Tags

 <b>: Bold
 <i>: Italic
 <u>: Underline
 <sub>: Subscript (e.g., H2O)
 <sup>: Superscript (e.g., x2)
 <strike>: Strike-through

8. Tag

 Adds a line break.


 Empty tag (no closing).
 Example: Hello<br>World

9. Description List

 Used to describe terms.

<dl>
<dt>HTML</dt>
<dd>HyperText Markup Language</dd>
</dl>

10. Evolution of HTML

 Versions:
o HTML 1.0 (1991)
o HTML 2.0 (1995)
o HTML 4.01 (1999)
o HTML5 (2014)
 HTML5 supports videos, canvas, forms, and mobile compatibility.

11. Prerequisites to Work with HTML

 Basic knowledge of:


o Using a text editor.
o Saving files.
o Opening files in a browser.

12. Fundamental Structure of an HTML Document

<html>
<head>
<title>My First Page</title>
</head>
<body>
Hello World!
</body>
</html>

13. Viewing Web Page in Browser

 Save .html file.


 Double-click or open with browser (Chrome, Firefox, etc.).
 You will see the result of your HTML code.

14. Presentation Tags

 Used to change appearance of text.


 Tags include <b>, <i>, <u>, <strike>, etc.
 These tags don’t affect meaning, only look.

15. to Heading Tags

 For headings.
 <h1> = Largest heading
 <h6> = Smallest heading
 Example: <h2>This is a heading</h2>

16. Tag

 Used to write a paragraph.

<p>This is a paragraph of text.</p>

17. Lists in HTML

 Ordered List (<ol>) – Numbered list.

<ol>
<li>Apple</li>
<li>Banana</li>
</ol>

 Unordered List (<ul>) – Bulleted list.

<ul>
<li>Dog</li>
<li>Cat</li>
</ul>

 Description List (<dl>) – Terms and definitions.


(Explained in point 9 above)

18. Combining Tags

 You can nest multiple tags:

<p><b><i>Bold and Italic Text</i></b></p>

 Tags should be properly closed in reverse order

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