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Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry - Assignment 2

Questions

1. Zeroth law of thermodynamics gives the concept of

(a) pressure

(b) volume

(c) temperature

(d)

Mass

2. During compression of a spring the work done is 20 KJ and 5 KJ escaped to the

surroundings as heat. The change in internal energy, ΔU (in kJ)is:

(a) −12

(b) −15

(c) 15

(d) 12

3. A system gives out 20 J of heat and also does 40 J of work. Calculate the internal

energy change.

(a) 60 J

(b) –60 J

(c) 20 J

(d) –20 J

4. What is the work done when 1 mole of a gas expands isothermally and reversibly

from 25 L to 250 L at a constant pressure of 1 atm and a temperature of 300 K?

(a) –3542 J

(b) –5744.1 J

(c) –2657 J

(d) –4890 J

5. Which of the following statements/relationship is not correct in thermodynamic

changes ?
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(a) ΔU = 0 (isothermal reversible expansion of a gas)

V2
(b) w = −nRT ln (isothermal reversible expansion of an ideal gas)
V1
V2
(c) w = nRT ln (isothermal reversible expansion of an ideal gas)
V1
(d) For a system of constant volume, heat involves direct changes to internal energy.
6.
Two moles of Helium gas undergo a reversible cyclic process as show in figure.
Assuming gas to be ideal. What is the work for the process C to D?

(a) -800 R(ln2)

(b) 0

(c) +200 R(ln2)

(d) -600 R(ln2)

7. Which one of the following equations correctly represent the first law of

thermodynamics for the given processes involving an ideal gas? (Assume non-

expansion work is zero)

(a) Cyclic process : q = +w

(b) Adiabatic process: ∆ U = –w

(c) Isochoric process: ∆ U = -q

(d) Isothermal process: q = –w

8. 16g of oxygen gas expands isothermally and reversibly at 300 K from 10 dm3 to 100

dm3. The work done is (approx.)

(a) 0

(b) -2875 J

(c) +2875 J

(d) infinite

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9. Five moles of an ideal gas are expanded isothermally and reversibly at 300 K from 1

L to 2 L. ΔE for the process is

(a) Zero

(b) 180.6 cal

(c) 300 cal

(d) -180.6 cal

10. Pressure-volume (PV) work done by an ideal gaseous system at constant volume is
ΔP
(a) −
P
(b) Zero
V
(c) −
ΔP
(d) −ΔV

11. If a gas absorbs 200 J of heat and expands by 500 cm3 against a constant pressure

of 2 × 105 N m−2 , then the change in internal energy is

(a) -300 J

(b) -100 J

(c) +100 J

(d) +300 J

12. Which of the following is not correct about internal energy?

(a) Internal energy is a state function.

(b) Absolute value of internal energy can be calculated experimentally.

(c) The internal energy of a system is made up of a number of energies.

(d) All are correct.

13. When 2 mole of an ideal gas is heated at constant volume the temperature is

raised from 300 K to 310 K. If heat supplied to the gas is x J, then which of the

following statement is correct?

(a) ΔU = 0; q = w = −x J

(b) q = w ≠ xJ; ΔU = 0

(c) q = ΔU = x; w = 0

(d) ΔU = 0; q = w = x J

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14. A gas absorbs 200 J heat and undergoes simultaneous expansion against a

constant external pressure of 105 Pa. The volume changes from 4L to 5L. The change in

the internal energy is nearly

(a) 300J

(b) 100J

(c) –300J

(d) –100J

15. Which of the following is true for isothermal process?

V2
(a) Wexp = –2.303 nRT log
V1
P1
(b) Wexp = –2.303 nRT log
P2
(c) ∆ T = 0

(d) All of these

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Answer Key

1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. A
7. D 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. C 12. B
13. C 14. B 15. D

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Solutions

1. (C) The law is based on temperature.

w = 20 kJ
2. (C) q = −5 kJ
ΔU = q + w = −5 + 20 = 15 kJ
3. (B) ∆ U = q + W

= -20 J + (-40 J)

= -60 J

4. (B) Work done in reversible isothermal expansion,

Vf
w = −2.303 nRT log
Vi
250
= −2.303 × 1 × 8.314 × 300 × log = −5744.14J
25
5. (C) For isothermal reversible expansion.
V2
w = −nRT ln
V1

(c) is incorrect statement.

Vf Pi
6. (A) w = −nRT ln Vi
= −nRT ln Pf

For work done from C to D,

T = 400 K

Pi = 2 atm

Pf = 1 atm

2
∴ wC→D = −2 × R × 400 × ln 1

⇒ wC→D = −800R (ln 2)

7. (D) (a) for cyclic process, ∆U = 0, ∆U = q + w ⇒ q = -w

(b) Adiabatic process, q = 0, ∆U = q + w ⇒ ∆U = w

(c) isochoric process, w = 0, ∆U = q + w ⇒ ∆U = q

(d) isothermal process, ∆U = 0, ∆U = q + w ⇒ q = -w

8. (B) For isothermal reversible expansion, work done is given by the following formula

w = −2.303nRT log( V2 )
V
1

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⇒ w = −2.303 × 16
32
× 8.314 × 300 × log( 100
10
)

w = −2872.0713J ≈ −2875 J
9. (A) Internal energy for isothermal process is zero.

10. (B) From the first law of thermodynaics,

ΔE = q + W
where,

dw = −P × dV
∵ ΔV = 0 since the volume is constant.
w=0
11. (C) ΔU = q + w = q − P ΔV

= 200 − 2 × 105 × 500 × 10−6

= 100 J

12. (B) The internal energy includes all type of energies of molecules constituting the

given mass of matter such as translational, vibrational, and rotational.

E = Etranslational + Erotational + Evibrational

Absolute value of U can never be calculated only change in value of U can be

calculated for a particular process and internal energy is a state function.

13. (C) From first law of thermodynamics:

ΔU = q + w
In the given problem, q = x J

w = −pΔV = 0, ΔV = 0
So, ΔU = q = x J

14. (B) ∆U = q – P∆V

– P∆V = –1 atm × (5 – 4) L [ 1 atm = 105 pa (approx)]

= -100 J

∆U = 200 – 100 J

= 100 J

15. (D) All expressions are true for the isothermal process.

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