MOST ASKED - 40

Interview Questions
Q 1. What is C++?
Ans: As an extension of the C language, C++ was
developed by Bjarne Stroustrup as a general
purpose cross-platform language which gives
programmers a high level of control over system
resources and memory.

Q 2. What are the different Data Types present in

C++?
Ans: There are 4 data types in C++:
1.Primitive Datatype : e.g - char, short, int, float,
long, double, bool, etc.
2.Derived datatype : e.g - array, pointer, etc.
3.Enumeration : e.g - enum
4.User-defined data types :e.g - structure, class,
etc.

Q 3. What is operator overloading in C++?

Ans: An overloaded declaration is a declaration in
the same scope of function or operator
declared with the same name more than
once.

01
 Q 4. What is namespace in C++?

Ans: A namespace in C++ is a declarative region that

provides scope to identifiers like variables,
functions, and classes. It's mainly used to organize
code and avoid name conflicts, especially when
integrating multiple libraries.

C++

namespace MyNamespace {
int x = 10;
void display() {
std::cout << "x = " << x <<
std::endl;
}
}

Q 5. How to take input string in C++?

Ans:
C++

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
string name;
cin >> name;
cout << "You entered: " << name << endl;
return 0;
}

02
 Q 6. . How to reverse a string in C++?
Ans:
C++

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

int main() {
string str = "hello";
reverse(str.begin(), str.end());
cout << "Reversed: " << str << endl;
return 0;
}

Q 7. What is pointer in C++?

Ans: Pointers in C++ are a data type that store the
memory address of another variable.

C++

int a = 10;
int* ptr = &a; // pointer stores the address of a

03
Q 8. What is a reference variable in C++?
Ans: A reference variable acts as an alias for an
existing variable. When a variable is declared as
a reference, it becomes another name for the
original variable, meaning any operations
performed on the reference are actually
performed on the original variable.

Q 9. What is the difference between C and C++?

Ans: C C++

Supports both procedural

Procedural programming
and object-oriented
language
programming

No support for classes and Supports classes and

objects objects (OOP features)

No function or operator Supports function and

overloading operator overloading

Uses printf() and scanf() for

Uses cin and cout for I/O
I/O

Uses new and delete (also

Manual memory
supports
management (malloc, free)
constructors/destructors)

04
Q 10. What is function in C++?
Ans: A function in C++ is a reusable block of code that
performs a specific task. It has a return type, a
name, optional parameters, and a body. Functions
help in organizing code, improving readability, and
avoiding repetition. For example, a function can
take inputs, process them, and return a result. C++
supports various types of functions including user-
defined, inline, recursive, and overloaded functions.

Q 11. What is destructor in C++

Ans: Destructors in c++ are special function/methods

that are used to remove memory allocation for
objects. They are called usually when the scope of
an object ends. eg. when a function ends you can
call a destructor. They are of the same name as
the class – syntax – ~();

05
Q 12. What is function overloading in C++
Ans: Function Overloading happens in C++ when two or
more functions share the same name. They can be
differentiated on the basis of the type of data they
are passing as parameters or even the number of
paramters they are passing. eg. int fun(char a); &
int fun(int b); & void fun(int a, int b)

06
Q 13. What are Classes and Objects in C++?
Ans: Class:
Blueprint: A class is a blueprint or a template for
creating objects.
Data and Functions:The encapsulation of data
(attributes) and functions (methods) that
operate on the data.
Abstraction: Provides a way to represent real-
world entities with properties, behaviors, and
expressions.
Object:
Instance: An object is an instance of a class
representing a specific entity.
Attributes: Objects store data defined in the
class's attributes.
Methods: Objects can invoke the methods
defined in the class, performing operations
specific to that object's type.

07
Q 14. What is exception in C++
Ans: Runtime abnormal conditions that occur in the
program are called exceptions.

These are of 2 types:

Synchronous
Asynchronous
C++ has 3 specific keywords for handling these
exceptions:
– try – catch – throw

Q 15. How to get absolute value in C++

Ans: There are three functions in the cstdlib header file
to return the absolute value of the integer.

Those are: – abs() – labs() – llabs()

The difference lies in the range for integer value

being passed as an argument. For abs() its type
int in C++. For labs(), its type long int in C++ and
for llabs() its long long int in C++.

08
Q 16. What is stack in C++?
Ans: A linear data structure which implements all the
operations (push, pop) in LIFO (Last In First Out)
order. Stack can be implemented using either
arrays or linked list.

The operations in Stack are

Push: adding element to stack
Pop: removing element from stack
isEmpty: returns true if stack is empty
Top: returns the top most element in stack

Q 17. Define token in C++

Ans: A token is the smallest unit of code that the
compiler recognizes during compilation.
Identifiers – Names of variables, functions,
classes, etc.
Keywords – Reserved words like if, int, while.
Literals – Constant values like numbers (42) or
strings ("text").
Operators – Symbols like +, -, *, &&.
Comments – Notes in code (//, /* */) that are
ignored by the compiler.
Whitespace – Spaces, tabs, and newlines that
separate tokens but aren’t processed.
09
Q 18. What is stream in C++?
Ans: Stream refers to a stream of characters to be
transferred between program thread and i/o.

Q 19. What is Operator Overloading in C++?

Ans: Operator overloading in C++ lets you redefine the

behavior of operators (like +, -, *) for user-defined
types.

It allows class objects to behave like built-in types

by providing custom implementations for these
operators.

Q 20. What is Polymorphism in C++?

Ans: Polymorphism in C++ allows objects of different
classes to be treated as objects of a common base
class. It enables functions to work with different
derived class objects through base class pointers or
references, making the code more flexible and
reusable.
C++ supports two types of polymorphism:
Compile-time polymorphism (e.g., function
overloading, operator overloading)
Runtime polymorphism (achieved using virtual
functions)
10
Q 21. Explain the Constructor in C++
Ans: In C++, a constructor is a special function that has
the same name as the class. It runs automatically
when you create an object and is used to initialize
the object’s data members, making sure the
object starts in a valid state.
Q 22. What is polymorphism?
Ans: Compile-Time Polymorphism
Also known as: Static binding or early
binding
Achieved using: Function overloading and
operator overloading
Decision made at: Compile time
Performance: Faster (no runtime overhead)
Flexibility: Less flexible, behavior fixed at
compile time
Runtime Polymorphism
Also known as: Dynamic binding or late
binding
Achieved using: Inheritance and virtual
functions
Decision made at: Runtime
Performance: Slightly slower due to virtual
table lookup
Flexibility: More flexible, supports dynamic
behavior
11
Q 23. What is enum in C++?
Ans: enum is abbreviation of Enumeration which
assigns names to integer constant to make a
program easy to read.

Syntax for the same:

enum enum_name{const1, const2, ……. };

Q 24. What do you mean by Abstraction in C++?

Ans: Abstraction in C++ means hiding the internal
implementation details and showing only the
essential features of an object. It helps simplify
code and allows you to focus on what an object
does, not how it does it.
Q 25. What are Destructors in C++?
Ans: A destructor is a special function in a class that
cleans up when an object is no longer needed. It
has the same name as the class but starts with
a tilde (~). The destructor is automatically called
when an object goes out of scope or is deleted,
helping to free resources like memory or file
handles to prevent leaks.

12
Q 26. Can Java support multiple inheritance?
Ans: Java does not support multiple inheritance with
classes to avoid ambiguity.

it allows multiple inheritance using interfaces.

Q 27. Explain Inheritance in C++

Ans: Inheritance in C++ is a way for one class to take
on the properties and behaviors of another class.
The child class inherits from the parent class,
which means it can use the parent’s functions
and variables without having to rewrite them.
This helps save time, avoid code duplication, and
makes it easier to organize related classes in a
clear hierarchy.

13
 Q 28. What is Function Overriding in C++?
Ans: Function overriding in C++ occurs when a
derived class defines a function with the same
name, return type, and parameters as one in
its base class. This lets the derived class
provide its own behavior, which is called
instead of the base class version, enabling
polymorphism.

Q 29. What is the purpose of the “delete” operator

in C++?
Ans: The delete operator in C++ frees memory allocated
by new and calls the destructor to clean up the
object.

Q 30. What are character constants in C++

Ans: Character constant are members of the
character set in which a program is written which
is surrounded by single quotation marks (‘).

Q 31. What is flush in C++?

Ans: std::flush synchronizes the stream buffer with its
controlled output sequence

14
Q 32. What is the difference between new and
malloc() in C++?
Ans: new is an operator that allocates memory
and also calls the constructor to initialize
objects. It returns a pointer of the appropriate
type and throws an exception if allocation
fails.
malloc() is a C library function that only
allocates raw memory but does not call
constructors. It returns a void* that needs to
be cast to the appropriate type and returns
nullptr (or NULL) if allocation fails.
Q 33. Can you compile a program without the
main function?
Ans: A program may be compiled without a main()
call. For instance, Use Macros that define the
main

Q 34. What is the difference between == and =

in C++?
Ans: = is the assignment operator (used to assign
values), while == is the equality operator (used
to compare values).

15
Q 35. What is the purpose of a virtual function
in C++?
Ans: A virtual function allows derived classes to
override it so that the correct function is called
through a base class pointer or reference,
enabling runtime polymorphism.

Q 36. What is the difference between struct and

class in C++?
Ans: By default, members of a struct are public,
meaning they can be accessed from outside the
struct. In contrast, members of a class are private
by default, restricting access only within the class
itself. Apart from this default access difference,
struct and class are essentially the same in C++.

16
Q 37. What are the four main principles of
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in C++?
Ans: The four main OOP principles in C++ are:
1.Encapsulation – Bundling data and functions
that operate on that data within a class,
restricting direct access to some of the object’s
components.
2.Abstraction – Hiding complex implementation
details and exposing only the necessary
features.
3.Inheritance – Creating new classes from
existing ones to promote code reuse and
establish relationships.
4.Polymorphism – Allowing functions or
operators to behave differently based on the
object’s actual type, mainly through function
overloading (compile-time) and virtual
functions (runtime).

Q 38. What is the difference between ++i and i++?

Ans: ++i (pre-increment) increments the value first and
then returns it, while i++ (post-increment) returns
the value first and then increments it.

17
Q 39. What is a mutable storage class specifier?
How can they be used?
Ans: The mutable keyword allows a class member
to be modified even if the object is declared
const. This is useful because normally const
objects can’t change their members. However,
mutable can’t be used with reference, static, or
const members. In a const member function,
only mutable members can be modified since
the this pointer is treated as a pointer to a
const object.

Q 40. Define storage class in C++ and name

some of them
Ans: The properties (lifetime and visibility) of a
variable or function are defined by the storage
class. These properties often aid in tracking a
variable's existence while a program runs.

Syntax :-
storage_class var_data_type var_name;

18
Our students have gone on to work at renowned companies,
innovative startups, and leading unicorns.

Explore our Programs

Crack Project
Top Job
MNC’s Updates

Resume LEARN Interview

Templates NOVA Questions

Courses Blogs
E - Books

www.thelearnnova.com Follow us -