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OPM Chapter 3 Element of Programmings

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OPM Chapter 3 Element of Programmings

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kaouthermounir6
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Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University

of Algiers 1
Faculty of Sciences, Department of Mathematics

1st year Mathematics

Programming tools (MATLAB)

Prepared by:

Dr KHETTABI Imen

Associate Professor B Department of Mathematics


Faculty of Sciences, University of Algiers.

Year: 2024-2025
Chapter 3:

Elements of programming
1.1 Reading data in a program (Inputs)
1.2 Writing data in a program (Outputs)
1.3 Script
1.4 Function
1.5 Control structure
1.5.1 Conditional Structure (if … elseif … else)
1.5.2 Multiple Conditional Structure (switch … case)
1.5.3 Conditional loop (while)
1.5.4 Iterative loop (for)
1.6 Creating and Running MATLAB Programs Using M-Files
9

Chapter3 : Elements of Programming


We have seen how to use MATLAB to execute commands or evaluate
expressions by writing them on the command line. Typically, the commands
used are written as a single instruction (sometimes on a single line).
However, some problems require multiple instructions to describe their
solutions, which necessitates using multiple lines.
In MATLAB, we can find:
• Script
• Function

3.1 Reading Data in a Program (Inputs)


To read a value provided by the user, we can use the input() command
with thefollowing syntax:

variable = input(' indicative sentence ')

When MATLAB executes such an instruction, the indicative sentence will


be displayed to the user, waiting for the user to enter a value.

Example:
10

3.2 Writing Data in a Program (Outputs)


The “disp” Command
disp is a basic MATLAB function used to display text or variable values in
the command window. It's typically used for quickly showing results.

Syntax:

disp(text or variable)

Example:

The “num2str” Command


num2str converts numbers to strings so that you can combine numbers
with text for display using disp.
Syntax:
num2str(variable)

Example:
11

The “fprintf” Command


fprintf is a MATLAB function used to display formatted text or variable values in
the command window or write them to a file. It provides more control over the
output format compared to disp.

Syntax:
fprintf( format text, variables)

Example:
12

3.3 Script
A script is a program or a sequence of MATLAB instructions saved in a file
with the extension ".m".

3.4 Function
A function is a set of instructions grouped in a structure that allows it to
have input variables (the data) and output variables (the results).

function[Output1, Output2, …] = function_name(Input1, Input2, …)

Notes:

- The name of the function saved in a file with the ".m" extension must be
identical to the defined function name.
- The end of the function is optional.
- Do not name functions with hyphens, such as "vector-product".
- Do not name functions using multiple words separated by spaces, such as
"vectorproduct".

Example :
13

3.5 Control structure

3.5.1 Conditional Structure (if … elseif … else)


The set of instructions is executed only if the expression is true. Multiple
exclusive tests can be combined.

Syntax

if expression1
instructions1 …
elseif expression2
instructions2 …
else
instructions3 …
end

Example :
14

3.5.2 Multiple Conditional Structure (switch … case)


In this structure, a numerical expression is successively compared to
different values. As soon as a match is found, the corresponding block of
instructions is executed.
Syntax

Switch expression
case value1,
instructions1 …
case value2,
instructions2 …
case value3,
instructions3 …
………
Otherwise instructions …
end

Example :
15

3.5.3 Conditional Loop (while)


This mechanism allows a series of instructions to be repeated as long as a
condition is achieved.
Syntax

while expression

instructions …

end

Example1 :
This script uses a while loop to calculate the square of numbers from 1 to 5.
16

Example2 :
Compute the sum s = 1 + 2/2! + 3/3! + .... stop when s > 2.5

3.5.4 Iterative Loop (for)


This loop executes the internal block as many times as specified by a variable
acting as a counter.

Syntax

for variable = begin : step : end


instructions …
end
17

Example 1 :

Example2 :

Example3 :
18

3.6 Creating and Running MATLAB Programs Using M-Files


M-files can store data, programs (scripts) or functions.
To create an M-File, once we've written our code, save the file with a .m
extension (example: First_Program.m).
19

Running the Program:


To execute the program, simply click on Run or return to the MATLAB
command window and type the file name (without the .m extension) as
follows:
The program will execute immediately.

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