Scribd
Upload
24 views3 pages

Differential Protection Relay

Differential Protection Relay

Uploaded by

unofficial.pronay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
24 views3 pages

Differential Protection Relay

Differential Protection Relay

Uploaded by

unofficial.pronay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION RELAY

The relay whose operation depends on the phase difference of two or more electrical quantities
is known as the differential protection relay. It works on the principle of comparison between
the phase angle and the magnitude of the same electrical quantities.

For instance, consider the comparison of the input and output current of the transmission line.
If the magnitude of the input current of the transmission line is more than that of output
current that means the additional current flows through it because of the fault. The difference
in the current can operate the differential protection relay.

The following are the essential condition requires for the working of the differential protection
relay.

1. The network in which the relay use should have two or more similar electrical
quantities.
2. The quantities have the phase displacement of approximately 180º.

The differential protection relay is used for the protection of the generator, transformer,
feeder, large motor, bus-bars etc.

The following are the classification of the differential protection relay.

1. Current Differential Relay


2. Voltage Differential Relay
3. Biased or Percentage Differential Relay
4. Voltage Balance Differential Relay
5. Current Balance Differential Relay

Current Differential Relay –

A relay which senses and operates the phase difference between the current entering into the
electrical system and the current leaving the electrical system is called a current differential
relay.

Current transformer is placed at both the ends of the protection zone. The secondary of the
transformers is connected in series with the help of the pilot wire. Thereby, the current induces
in the CTs flows in the same direction. The operating coil of the relay is connected on the
secondary of the CTs.

In the normal operating condition, the magnitude of current in the secondary of the CTs
remains same. The zero current flows through the operating coil. On the occurrence of the
fault, the magnitude of the current on the secondary of CTs becomes unequal because of which
the relay starts operating.
DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION RELAY
Biased or Percentage Differential Coil –

This is the most used form of differential relay. Their arrangement is same as that of the current
differential relay; the only difference is that this system consists of an additional restraining coil
connected in the pilot wire.

The operating coil connects in the Centre of the restraining coil. The ratio of current in the
current transformer becomes unbalance because of the fault current. This problem is resolved
by the use of the restraining coil.

Induction Type Biased Differential Relay –

This induction type relay consists of a disc which freely rotates between the electromagnets.
The each of the electromagnet consists the copper shading ring. The ring can move in or out of
the electromagnet. The disc experiences a force because of the restraining and the operating
element.

The resultant torque on the shaded ring becomes zero if the position of the ring is balanced for
both the element. But if ring moves towards the iron core then the unequal torques acting on
the ring because of the operating and restraining coil.

Voltage Balance Differential Relay –

The current differential relay is not suitable for the protection of the feeders. For the protection
of the feeders, the voltage balance differential relays are used. The voltage differential relay
uses two similar current transformer places across the protective zone with the help of pilot
wire.
The relays are connected in series with the secondary of the current transformer. The relays are
connected in such a way that no current flows through it in the normal operating condition. The
voltage balance differential relay uses the air core CTs in which the voltages induces regarding
current.
When the fault occurs in the protection zone, the current in the CTs become unbalance because
of which the voltage in the secondary of the CTs disturbs. The current starts flowing through
the operating coil. Thus, the relay starts operating and gives the command to the circuit breaker
to operate.

Differential relay is very commonly used relay for protecting transformers and generators from
localized faults. Differential relays are very sensitive to the faults occurred within the zone
of protection but they are least sensitive to the faults that occur outside the protected zone.
DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION RELAY

Differential protection is a type of protection scheme used in power systems to protect


generators, transformers, and feeders. This protection principle is based on the comparison of
the current entering and leaving the protected equipment.

Principle of Differential Protection –


The principle of differential protection is based on Kirchhoff's current law, which states that the
sum of the current entering a node must be equal to the sum of the current leaving the node. In
the case of power systems, this law is applied to the current entering and leaving a piece of
equipment, such as a generator, transformer, or feeder.
If the current entering the equipment is not equal to the current leaving the equipment, it
indicates that there is a fault in the system. The differential protection scheme is designed to
detect this fault and isolate the equipment from the system to prevent further damage.

Applications of Differential Protection –

1. Generator Protection: In a power system, generators are the primary source of power. A
fault in the generator can cause significant damage to the system. Hence, differential
protection is used to protect generators from faults such as short circuits and ground
faults.
2. Transformer Protection: Transformers are used to step up or step down the voltage
levels in a power system. A fault in a transformer can cause a significant power outage.
Differential protection is used to protect transformers from faults such as winding faults,
core faults, and phase faults.
3. Feeder Protection: Feeders are the distribution lines that carry power from the
substation to the load. A fault in a feeder can cause a power outage in the entire
distribution network. Differential protection is used to protect feeders from faults such
as short circuits, ground faults, and open circuits.

Advantages of Differential Protection –

1. Fast Operation: Differential protection operates very fast and can quickly isolate the
faulty section from the rest of the system. This helps in minimizing the damage caused
by the fault.
2. Selective Operation: Differential protection is selective, which means it only operates for
faults that occur within the protected equipment. This ensures that the protection
system does not unnecessarily isolate the entire system.
3. High Sensitivity: Differential protection is highly sensitive and can detect even small
faults in the system. This helps in preventing major faults from occurring in the system.

You might also like