1. What are Polya’s four steps in problem-solving?

2. Who developed the four-step problem-solving strategy?

3. What is the first step in Polya’s problem-solving method?
4. What does it mean to "devise a plan" in problem-solving?
5. Give an example of "reviewing the solution" in a math problem.
6. Define inductive reasoning.
7. Define deductive reasoning.
8. Identify whether this statement uses inductive or deductive reasoning: "All dogs I have
seen are friendly. Therefore, all dogs are friendly."
9. Identify whether this statement uses inductive or deductive reasoning: "All birds lay eggs.
Chickens are birds. Therefore, chickens lay eggs."
10. What type of reasoning involves reaching a general conclusion from specific examples?
11. What type of reasoning uses premises to draw a certain conclusion?
12. What is the main difference between inductive and deductive reasoning?
13. What is Sudoku?
14. What does the term "KenKen" mean?
15. Who invented the KenKen puzzle?
16. What is the last step in Polya’s problem-solving strategy?
17. How does reviewing the solution help in problem-solving?
18. What is the role of reasoning in mathematics?
19. What is a mathematical proof?
20. What are the two types of reasoning in mathematics?
21. Give an example of a pattern in mathematics.
22. How is a table useful in problem-solving?
23. How do you identify given information in a problem?
24. What is the difference between an equation and an inequality?
25. What does it mean when a problem has multiple solutions?
26. Identify whether this reasoning is inductive or deductive: "The sum of two even numbers
is always even."
27. Identify whether this reasoning is inductive or deductive: "I observed that all swans I
have seen are white. Therefore, all swans are white."
28. How is an organized list helpful in solving problems?
29. Why is defining variables important in solving word problems?
30. Give an example of an everyday problem that can be solved using Polya’s method.
31.  What is the importance of problem-solving in mathematics?
32.  What is a mathematical argument?
33.  What is a conjecture in mathematics?
34.  How does a counterexample disprove a conjecture?
35.  What does it mean when a problem is "well-defined"?
36.  What is a pattern in mathematics?
37.  What is the difference between a theorem and a postulate?
38.  What does it mean to "generalize" in mathematics?
39.  What is an axiom?
40.  What are the properties of equality in mathematics?
41.  How is a Venn diagram useful in problem-solving?
42.  What is a hypothesis in deductive reasoning?
 43.  What is the conclusion in a logical argument?
44.  What is the difference between necessary and sufficient conditions in logic?
45.  What is an example of a real-world problem that requires problem-solving strategies?

Intermediate Questions (Moderate Difficulty)

16. Why is "understanding the problem" important in solving mathematical problems?

17. How does making a list help in problem-solving?
18. What is the purpose of writing an equation in problem-solving?
19. What is an example of extraneous information in a word problem?
20. How does recognizing a pattern help in problem-solving?
21. Solve: A baseball team won two out of their last four games. In how many different
orders could they have two wins and two losses?
22. Solve: If six people shake hands with each other once, how many handshakes occur?
23. Solve: Two ladders are placed end to end. Their combined height is 32.5 feet. One ladder
is 7.5 feet shorter than the other. What are their heights?
24. Solve: A frog is at the bottom of a 29-foot well. It jumps up 3 feet but slides down 1 foot
after each jump. How many jumps does it take to escape?
25. Solve: The number of ducks and pigs in a field totals 34. The total number of legs among
them is 112. How many ducks and how many pigs are in the field?
26. How does the concept of permutations relate to problem-solving?
27. Explain why checking for duplicate answers is important in problem-solving.
28. What logical error occurs when one assumes that because a grandfather is bald, all
grandfathers must be bald?
29. What are some limitations of inductive reasoning?
30. What are some limitations of deductive reasoning?
31. Give an example of a problem where both inductive and deductive reasoning are used.
32. Explain why problem-solving strategies like Polya’s method are useful outside of
mathematics.
33. What does it mean when a Sudoku puzzle has a "unique solution"?
34. How does KenKen differ from Sudoku?
35. What role does logic play in solving Sudoku puzzles?
36. What are some common mistakes people make in problem-solving?
37. How do you determine if a problem has extraneous information?
38. Why is it important to verify answers?
39. Solve: "A car travels 60 km in 1.5 hours. What is its speed?"
40. Solve: "If x + 7 = 12, what is the value of x?"
41. A school has 8 rows of chairs with 10 chairs in each row. How many chairs are there in
total?
42. Solve: "If a rectangle has a length of 8 cm and a width of 5 cm, what is its perimeter?"
43. Solve: "Find the missing term in the sequence: 5, 10, 20, 40, __."
44. Solve: "A farmer has twice as many chickens as cows. If there are 18 animals in total,
how many chickens are there?"
45. Solve: "If a number is tripled and then increased by 5, the result is 23. What is the
number?"
 46. Identify if this is inductive or deductive reasoning: "If today is Monday, then tomorrow is
Tuesday. Today is Monday, so tomorrow must be Tuesday."
47. Identify if this is inductive or deductive reasoning: "The last five times I flipped a coin, it
landed on heads. Therefore, it will land on heads again."
48. Explain why Sudoku is considered a logic puzzle.
49. Explain why the number of handshakes in a group of people is given by n(n-1)/2.
50. How many different three-letter codes can be formed using the letters A, B, and C if
repetition is allowed?
51. How many different three-letter codes can be formed using the letters A, B, and C if
repetition is NOT allowed?
52. If a box contains 6 red balls and 4 blue balls, what is the probability of picking a red ball?
53. If a fair die is rolled, what is the probability of getting an even number?
54. If a fair die is rolled twice, what is the probability of getting two sixes?
55. Explain why KenKen puzzles require both arithmetic and logic to solve.
56.  What are some common mistakes people make in problem-solving?
57.  How do you determine if a problem has extraneous information?
58.  Why is it important to verify answers?
59.  Solve: "A car travels 60 km in 1.5 hours. What is its speed?"
60.  Solve: "If x + 7 = 12, what is the value of x?"
61.  A school has 8 rows of chairs with 10 chairs in each row. How many chairs are there
in total?
62.  Solve: "If a rectangle has a length of 8 cm and a width of 5 cm, what is its perimeter?"
63.  Solve: "Find the missing term in the sequence: 5, 10, 20, 40, __."
64.  Solve: "A farmer has twice as many chickens as cows. If there are 18 animals in total,
how many chickens are there?"
65.  Solve: "If a number is tripled and then increased by 5, the result is 23. What is the
number?"
66.  Identify if this is inductive or deductive reasoning: "If today is Monday, then
tomorrow is Tuesday. Today is Monday, so tomorrow must be Tuesday."
67.  Identify if this is inductive or deductive reasoning: "The last five times I flipped a
coin, it landed on heads. Therefore, it will land on heads again."
68.  Explain why Sudoku is considered a logic puzzle.
69.  Explain why the number of handshakes in a group of people is given by n(n-1)/2.
70.  How many different three-letter codes can be formed using the letters A, B, and C if
repetition is allowed?
71.  How many different three-letter codes can be formed using the letters A, B, and C if
repetition is NOT allowed?
72.  If a box contains 6 red balls and 4 blue balls, what is the probability of picking a red
ball?
73.  If a fair die is rolled, what is the probability of getting an even number?
74.  If a fair die is rolled twice, what is the probability of getting two sixes?
75.  Explain why KenKen puzzles require both arithmetic and logic to solve.

Advanced Questions (Difficult)

36. Prove why the formula for counting handshakes is n(n-1)/2.

37. In the frog problem, what if the well was 50 feet deep, but the frog jumps 4 feet and
slides 2 feet back—how many jumps would it take?
38. If the ladder problem had three ladders instead of two, how would you modify your
solution?
39. How many ways can the letters in "MATHEMATICS" be arranged?
40. If the Brit does not live in the yellow house, but the Norwegian does, what other
conclusions can we draw from Einstein’s riddle?
41. Find the missing number in the sequence: 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, ?
42. A number is divided by 2 and then multiplied by 3 to get 24. What is the original
number?
43. Using logic, determine the truthfulness of this statement: "If a number is divisible by 6, it
is also divisible by 3."
44. Suppose you have 4 different books. In how many ways can they be arranged on a shelf?
45. Solve: "A square has a perimeter of 48 cm. What is its area?"
46. What is the next number in the Fibonacci sequence: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, ?
47. If a person has 3 shirts, 4 pants, and 2 pairs of shoes, how many different outfits can they
make?
48. A committee of 3 people is to be formed from a group of 8. How many ways can this be
done?
49. Solve: "If a train travels at 80 km/h for 2.5 hours, how far does it travel?"
50. Prove or disprove: "If two even numbers are added, the result is always even."
51. Solve: "If a frog climbs 3 feet up a 50-foot well but slips back 2 feet each time, how
many jumps does it take to escape?"
52. Prove or disprove: "The sum of any three consecutive numbers is always divisible by 3."
53. Prove or disprove: "The square of an even number is always even."
54. Prove or disprove: "If two numbers are divisible by 4, their sum is also divisible by 4."
55. Solve: "Find the sum of the first 100 natural numbers."
56. Solve: "A committee of 4 people is to be chosen from a group of 10. How many ways can
this be done?"
57. Solve: "If 5 books are arranged on a shelf, how many different ways can they be
ordered?"
58. Solve: "A store sells 3 types of coffee and 4 types of tea. How many drink choices are
available?"
59. Solve: "A number when divided by 7 gives a remainder of 5. What is the smallest such
number?"
60. Solve: "If x² - 4x - 12 = 0, what are the values of x?"
61. Solve: "The perimeter of a triangle is 24 cm. If two sides are equal and the third side is 6
cm, what is the length of each equal side?"
62. If a town's population doubles every 5 years and is currently 10,000, what will the
population be in 15 years?
63. Prove or disprove: "If the sum of two numbers is even, then both numbers must be even."
64. Solve: "If an investment of $1000 grows by 5% annually, how much will it be worth in
10 years?"
65. Explain why Einstein’s riddle is an example of pure logical deduction.
66.  Prove or disprove: "The sum of two prime numbers is always even."
67.  Prove or disprove: "The product of two odd numbers is always odd."
68.  Prove or disprove: "Every number that ends in 0 is divisible by 10."
69.  Solve: "If a town's population triples every 6 years and is currently 5,000, what will it
be in 18 years?"
70.  Solve: "Find the number of ways to arrange 6 different books on a shelf."
71.  Solve: "A triangle has sides of length 5 cm, 12 cm, and 13 cm. Is it a right triangle?"
72.  Solve: "Find the probability of rolling a sum of 7 on two six-sided dice."
73.  Solve: "Find the sum of the first 100 odd numbers."
74.  Solve: "Find the value of x if 3x² - 12 = 0."
75.  Solve: "A wire of length 36 cm is bent to form a square. What is the area of the
square?"
76.  Solve: "If a bank account earns 6% interest compounded annually, how much will
$2,000 grow to in 5 years?"
77.  Solve: "A fair coin is flipped 5 times. What is the probability of getting exactly 3
heads?"
78.  Solve: "The length of a rectangle is 5 more than twice its width. If the perimeter is 58
cm, what are its dimensions?"
79.  Prove or disprove: "If a number is divisible by 4 and 6, it must be divisible by 24."
80.  Solve: "Find the number of diagonals in a 12-sided polygon."