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Machine Learning: Cheat Sheet

This cheat sheet provides an overview of machine learning types, including supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, along with examples of algorithms for each type. It covers data preprocessing techniques, model training, evaluation metrics, feature selection, hyperparameter tuning, clustering algorithms, and basic deep learning concepts. The document includes code snippets for implementing various models using Python's scikit-learn and TensorFlow libraries.

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2 views11 pages

Machine Learning: Cheat Sheet

This cheat sheet provides an overview of machine learning types, including supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, along with examples of algorithms for each type. It covers data preprocessing techniques, model training, evaluation metrics, feature selection, hyperparameter tuning, clustering algorithms, and basic deep learning concepts. The document includes code snippets for implementing various models using Python's scikit-learn and TensorFlow libraries.

Uploaded by

neerajmajila257
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Machine

Learning
Cheat Sheet
Types of Machine Learning

SUPERVISED UNSUPERVISED REINFORCEMENT


LEARNING LEARNING LEARNING

Regression Clustering Reward-based


Linear k-Means learning
Polynomial Hierarchical Q-Learning
Ridge DBSCAN Deep Q-Networks (DQN)
Lasso GMM SARSA (State-Action-
Decision Tree Mean Shift Reward-State-Action)
Random Forest Policy Gradient Methods
SVR Actor-Critic Methods
Dimensionality
XGBoost Proximal Policy
k-Means
Hierarchical Optimization (PPO)
Classification Trust Region Policy
DBSCAN
Logistic Optimization (TRPO)
GMM
Decision Tree Monte Carlo Methods
Mean Shift
Random Forest
SVM
k-NN
Naïve Bayes
XGBoost
Neural Networks
Data Preprocessing

df.isnull().sum(): Check missing values


df.dropna(): Remove missing values
df.fillna(value): Fill missing values
StandardScaler():
Standardization (mean=0, std=1)
MinMaxScaler():
Normalization (range [0,1])
LabelEncoder():
Convert categorical labels to numbers
OneHotEncoder():
Convert categorical features into dummy variables
Train Test Split

from sklearn.model_selection
import train_test_split

X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test =


train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2,
random_state=42)
Regression Models
Linear Regression
Polynomial Regression
Ridge & Lasso Regression
Decision Tree Regression
Random Forest Regression
Support Vector Regression (SVR)
python
CopyEdit

from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression

model = LinearRegression()
model.fit(X_train, y_train)
y_pred = model.predict(X_test)
Classification Models
Logistic Regression
K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)
Decision Trees
Random Forest
Support Vector Machines (SVM)
Naive Bayes
Neural Networks (MLP)

from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier

model = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=100)
model.fit(X_train, y_train)
y_pred = model.predict(X_test)
Evaluation Metrics

Regression

MAE (Mean Absolute Error):


Measures avg absolute error
MSE (Mean Squared Error):
Penalizes large errors
RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error):
Square root of MSE
R² Score:
Explains variance captured by model

Classification

Accuracy: (TP + TN) / (TP + FP + TN + FN)


Precision: TP / (TP + FP)
Recall: TP / (TP + FN)
F1-Score: 2 * (Precision * Recall) / (Precision + Recall)
ROC Curve: Trade-off between TPR & FPR
Feature Selection & Engineering
Feature Importance: Use models like Random Forest

PCA (Principal Component Analysis): Reduce


dimensionality

Correlation Matrix: Find highly correlated features

from sklearn.decomposition import PCA

pca = PCA(n_components=2)
X_pca = pca.fit_transform(x)
Hyperparameter Tuning

GridSearchCV – Tries all combinations


RandomizedSearchCV – Randomized search

from sklearn.model_selection import


GridSearchCV

params = {'n_estimators': [50, 100, 150]}


grid = GridSearchCV(RandomForestClassifier(),
params, cv=5)
grid.fit(X_train, y_train)
Clustering Algorithms

K-Means Clustering
Hierarchical Clustering
DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering)

from sklearn.cluster import KMeans

kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=3)
kmeans.fit(X)
labels = kmeans.predict(X)
Deep Learning Basics
Neural Networks
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)
Transformers (BERT, GPT)

import tensorflow as tf
model = tf.keras.Sequential([
tf.keras.layers.Dense(128, activation='relu'),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(1, activation='sigmoid')])
model.compile(optimizer='adam',
loss='binary_crossentropy', metrics=['accuracy'])

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