Advantages, Disadvantages, and Limitations of Technology

Technology has a profound impact on every aspect of our lives. The way we live, communicate, and interact changes through technology in education, medicine,
transportation, economy, communication, and politics. This chapter will provide you with a clear picture of this impact and highlight its limitations and negative aspects.

Advantages
1. Life has become easy through science and technology.

2. Travelling has become faster than before.

3. Communication becomes more comfortable, faster, and cheaper.

4. Innovations in technology increased the standard of living.

5. Using various technology, man becomes advanced.

6. The impossible has become possible due to the progress in science and technology. 7. Science and technology made a lot of things easy to do and comfortable for

men.

Disadvantages
1. The human had misused the technology and used in damaging purpose.

2. By the use of technology, man is doing illegal things.

3. New technology like mobiles is generating harmful consequences for children.

4. Using modern technology, terrorists use it for destructive purposes.

5. Many illnesses are created due to the development of atomic energy and the atomic bomb.

6. Modern technology like nuclear energy have not only affected man, but it also affected plants and other creatures. 7. Natural beauty is decreasing due to the

development of modern technology.

Limitations of Technology to Humanity
According to Thobela (2023), technology has many advantages for humanity. In the present era, one cannot live without these advancements, but there are certain
limitations to what humanity can apply it to almost everything they do. These are the factors that define the limits of technology:

1. Natural Limits
Natural constraints are hard boundaries-things that technology cannot physically perform. No limit is unquestionably a hard limit, despite the fact that our
knowledge of the universe is constantly expanding. What we currently consider to be impossible may actually be achievable.

For instance, according to the principles of physics, we cannot move faster than the speed of light. Therefore, we believe that no spaceship will ever be able to
break through that barrier, regardless of the technology we develop. Another kind of natural limit is a logical limit, which states that something cannot be true and false
at the same time. For example, technology cannot allow us to utilize every inch of land on Earth while still protecting every natural habitat.

2. Economic Limits
Then there are financial limitations. Some things might be technically possible but be so expensive that they are completely unworkable. The cost of developing
and manufacturing many of today's most cutting-edge medicines, including gene therapies, stem cell treatments, and complex pharmaceuticals, is prohibitive.

In actuality, financial restrictions are not necessarily irreversible; just because something is affordable right now, doesn't mean it always will be. However, there
are some ideas for reducing climate change's consequences, such taking carbon dioxide directly out of the atmosphere or building a big enough barrier between us and
the sun to reduce the amount of energy we receive from it. For example, if living space on Earth is an issue, we may terraform Mars over a few decades to create an
earth-like environment. But the expense would be utterly prohibitive right now.

3. Ethical Limits
Technology also has ethical bounds, or limitations imposed by preexisting notions about what is right and wrong
in a particular culture. In fields like genetic engineering (including gene therapy), cloning, artificial intelligence, surveillance, cybernetics, and biological warfare, humans
have made tremendous advancements. For a number of reasons, many are concerned about the ethics of these technologies. Cybernetics and gene therapy both claim
to increase human potential, but what about those who cannot afford the technologies? And are we trying to pretend to be God? The time when privacy can be
completely eliminated from people is quickly approaching. Do we, however, go too far in violating people's rights? It makes sense to have reservations about the
employment of technology in combat.
Humanity
From the Latin word "humanitas", which means "human nature kindness", is the human race, including everybody on Earth. It is also a term for the qualities that
make us human, such as the capacity to love, sympathize, be creative, and not be a robot or alien. With the development and constant technological changes, humans
change their way of life to improve living standards.

Today, humanity is advanced. Humans have come a long way from the cave, but how far can they still go? Is there a limit to technological progress? What does
this mean for humanity's distant future? The answer to that is: As a part of these technological advancements, it hinges on the longevity of the human species. To
advance far ahead in science and technology and the wisdom to use these, human beings need time.

Human beings' capabilities in terms of technology, will depend on how they can improve the quality of life. According to Sagan (2004), today is the period he
called "technological adolescence". Human beings are still delivering technological advancement, and it all depends on how wisely they will use these "technological
advancements" to reach into a mature human being with a reasonable chance of reaching and enjoying the quality of life until old age. Sagan also stated that he is
worried that human beings will likely mature fast enough to escape the destruction by their own hands.

The two roads to take in humanity are ascension of all humankind, and the other is complete and total destruction.

Policies and Technological Advancement + United States of America

According to the US, Industrial Competitiveness and Technological Advancement article in 2012: US industry technological advancement has frequently been
reinforced by congressional initiatives over the past 30 and more - direct measures that concern budget outlays and the provision of services government and indirect
measures that include economic and legal changes.

However, many of these efforts have been revised over the past several congresses. Congressional legislation seems to have preferred indirect strategies such as
tax policies, intellectual property rights protection, and antitrust laws to promote technological advancement and government support for basic research over direct
federal funding for private-sector technology commercialization initiatives.

An increase in economic growth in contributing to new goods, new services, new jobs, and new capital is due to technological advances. Technology applications
can improve productivity and quality of products. The development and
use of technology also play a vital role in determining international trade patterns by affecting industrial sectors' comparative advantages. Since technological progress is
not necessarily determined by

economic conditions but can be influenced by advances in science. The organization and management of firms and govemment activity can affect trade
independent of macroeconomics factors. New technologies also help reward for possible disadvantages in the cost of capital and labor handled by firms.
 Canada, USA, North and South America to Europe and Asia-Pacific
The origins of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development-OECD is date back to 1960 when 18
European countries, the United States, and Canada merged an organization dedicated to economic development. Today, 35 countries are members around the world
from North and South America to Europe and Asia-Pacific. They include many of the world's most advanced countries and emerging economies like Mexico, Chile, and
Turkey.

Scientific developments and technological changes are important drivers of current economic performance. Creating, distributing, and exploiting knowledge has
become a significant source of competitive advantage, wealth creation, and improvements in life quality. Some features of this transformation are the growing impact of
information technologies (ICT) on the economy and society, rapid application of new scientific advances in new products and processes; a high rate of innovation across
OECD countries; a change to more knowledge-intensive industries and services; and rising skill requirements.

+ Philippines
According to the Research and Development and Technology in the Philippines, the technology market faces a crisis since the developing countries' economic
environment is opposing technology-based institutions. Thus, the
Philippines is taking action in reforming the technology market by focusing on 23 Industries as priority areas. The
Philippines can follow the technological innovation strategies imposed by Japan and South Korea. With a synchronize and consistent overall industrial strategy, the
Philippines can move up to economic reforms. The govemment should also expand human resources, infrastructure, incentives, and research institutions to help this
system grow.

Ethical Dilemmas
Dilemma is a situation wherein a person or a group of individuals are facing difficult choices in accepting whether a phenomenon is acceptable or not. Ethics on
the other hand, refers to moral principles that govern a person's behavior or activity. Therefore, ethical dilemma means a tough choice whether a phenomenon is
acceptable, which in this case is, the various technological advancements.

Three Ethical Decision Criteria

Technology can be a great help to one person but be destructive to another. The ethical perspective can sometimes be subjective, and it would be difficult to
consider whether technological advancement is really ethically unacceptable. With this, criteria should be set, and here are the three criteria used in arriving at
decisions on ethics questions:

• Utilitarian Criterion. This criterion is solely based on their outcomes and consequences. It is grounded to the concept of common good, wherein a certain
thing or event should serve the greatest good for the greatest number.
 • Criterion based on "Rights". This criterion urges an individual to decide based on the fundamentals of liberties and privileges. It is usually set forth in the
Bill of Rights. It has the main goal of protecting and respecting the basic rights of an individual, such as rights of speech, privacy, and due process.

• Criterion based on "Justice". This criterion requires individuals to impose and enforce rules fairly with no exception to anybody to ensure equitable
distribution of benefits and costs.

With the obligation to be an ethical individual, our use of technology is in pertinent scrutiny. The three ethical
decision criteria are universal, but is tis not fully utilized for assessing technological innovations. Each country has different interpretation of what is ethical and what is
unethical in regard with technological advancement but as a universal moral obligation they set certain tegal provisions and standards on ethics.

Science and technology, as well as research and development, enjoy autonomy from the state and society. They may draw inspiration from them, but they are
not necessarily determined and directed by them. However, the application, use, and distribution of technology require ethical standards and even legal provisions set by
the local and international governments.

Technology permeates every aspect of human life, an activity. Inevitably, ethics will also evolve into a buming, un-ignorable issue for every individual and
organization. At present, we do not have everyday global ethics to technological advancement to discuss different issues, let alone agreement or accepted legal rights and
responsibilities. Ethical dilemmas and policy issues for 2015 (no particular order)

A. Real-time Satellite Surveillance Video

Companies such as Planet Labs and Skybox Imaging have launched lots of satellites in the last year to record the entire Earth's status in real-time. The satellites
themselves are getting cheaper, smaller, and more sophisticated than before. "How do we choose what should be observed and how frequent? Should we use this
information to solve criminalities? What is possible for the misuse by corporations, govemments, police departments, private citizens or terrorists, and other "bad
actors"?"

B. Astronaut Bioethics (of colonizing Mars)

The colonization of Mars and plans for long-term space missions are already ongoing. NASA has launched the Orion spacecraft, and NASA Administrator Charles
Bolden declared a "Day One of the Mars era." The company Mars One and Lockheed Martin and Surrey Satellite Technology are preparing to launch a robotic mission to
Mars in 2018 with succeeding humans in 2025. However, as we watch with interest as this clarifies, we might ask ourselves the following:

"Is it moral to expose people to new levels of human separation and physical danger, including exposure to radiation for such purpose? Will these pioneers lack
privacy for the rest of their lives so that we might watch what happens? Is it moral to consider the birth of a child in space or on Mars? Moroso, who protects the rights
of a child not bom on Earth and who did not consent to the risk? If we say no to children in space, does that mean we sterilize all astronauts who volunteer for the
mission? Given the potential dangers of setting up a new colony strictly lacking in resources, how would sick colonists be cared for? Moreover, how an Off-Earth colony
is administered?" C. Wearable Technology
 We are presently involved in multiple technologies that monitor our behaviors. The development of dozens of bracelets and clip-on devices that monitor steps
taken, activity levels, heart rate, etc., not to mention the advent of organic electronics that can be layered, printed, painted, or grown on human skin, has led by the
fitness tracking craze. Google is partnering with Novartis to create a contact lens that monitors blood sugar levels in diabetes and leads healthcare providers' Information.
Wearables have the potential to teach us, protect our health, as well as violate our privacy in many amounts of ways.

D. State-Sponsored Hacktivism and "Soft War"

"Soft war" is a concept used to explain insurgents' rights and duties during the armed struggle. It incorporates tactics other than armed force to achieve political
ends. Cyberwar and hacktivism could be soft war tools, through specific ways by states in inter-state conflict, instead of isolated individuals or groups. We already live in a
state of lowintensity cyber conflict,

"How do we fight back if these activities become more aggressive, damaging infrastructure? Does a nation have
a right to defend itself against, or retaliate for, a cyberattack, and if so, under what situations? What if the aggressors are non-state actors? If a group of Chinese hackers
launched an attack on the US, does that give the US government the right to react against the Chinese government? In a soft war, what are the circumstances of self-
defense? May that selfdefense be preventative? Who can be attacked in a cyber-war? What is to stop attackers from hacking into our wearable devices? Are private
citizens attacked by cyber warriors just another form of collateral damage?" E. Enhanced Pathogens

White house suspended research on October 17, 2014, enhancing the pathogenicity of viruses such as influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). In itself, Gain-of-function research is not detrimental; it is used to provide vital understanding into viruses and how to treat
them. When used to increase mammalian transmissibility and virulence, altered viruses pose severe security and biosafety risks.

F. Non-lethal Weapons
Primarily, it may seem ridiculous that kinds of weapons that have been around since World War I and not designed to kill could be an evolving ethical or policy
dilemma. Considering the recent development and production of non-lethal weapons such as laser missiles, blinding weapons, pain rays, sonic weapons, electric
weapons, heat rays, disabling malodor ants, as well as the use of gases and sprays in both the military and domestic police forces. These weapons may not kill, but they
can cause severe pain, physical injuries, and long-term health costs (the latter has not been thoroughly investigated).

G. Robot Swarm
Harvard University researchers created 1000 robots capable of communicating with each other to perform simple tasks such as ordering themselves into shapes
and pattems. No human intervention is required in these "kilobots" beyond the original set of instructions and work together to complete tasks. These tiny bots are
based on insects' group behavior and can perform environmental cleanups or answer disasters where humans fear treading. The concept of driverless cars also relies on
this system, where the cars themselves would communicate with each other to obey traffic laws and transport people safely to their destination. " a robot malfunction
and causes harm, what will happen? Who would be blamed for such an accident? What if tiny swarms of robots could be set up to spy or sabotage?"
H. Artificial Life Forms
Research on artificial life forms is a range of synthetic biology focused on custom- building life forms to address specific purposes. Announced by Craig Venter and
colleagues is the first synthetic life form in 2010 made from a present organism by introducing synthetic DNA. Synthetic life allows scientists to study the origins of life by
building it rather than breaking it down, but this technique blurs the line between life and machines, and scientists foresee program organisms' ability. The ethical and
policy issues surrounding synthetic biology innovations renew concerns raised previously with other biological breakthroughs, including safety issues and risk factors
connected with releasing life forms in the environment. Making artificial life forms has been deemed "playing God" because it allows individuals to create a life that does
not exist naturally. Gene patents have been a concern for several years now, and synthetic organisms suggest a new dimension of this policy issue. While customized
organisms may one-day cure cancer, they may also be used as biological weapons.

L. Resilient Social-Ecological Systems

A resilient social and ecological system is what we need to build - being pushed to an extreme while maintaining their functionality either by returning to the
earlier state or by operating a new state. Resilient systems endure external pressures caused by climate change, natural disasters, and economic globalization. A resilient
system can stand extreme weather events or regain functionality quickly afterward is an example. It can maintain a complex web of life when one or more organism is
overexploited. "To what way is it the responsibility of the federal government to assure civil infrastructure is resilient to environmental changes? When individuals act in
their self-interest, there is the unique possibility that their actions fail to maintain infrastructure and processes that are essential for society." J. Brain-to-Brain Interfaces

No Vulcan mind-meld, but brain-to-brain interfaces (BBI) have been achieved. allowing direct communication from one brain to another without speech. The
interactions can be between humans or between humans and animals. In 2014, a University of Washington researcher performed a BBI experiment that allowed a person
to command another person about half a mile away, the goal being the simple task of moving their hand. Using an electroencephalography (EEG) machine that detects
brain activity in the sender and a transcranial magnetic stimulation coil that controls movement in the receiver, we have achieved a BBI twice-this year, scientists also
transmitted words from brain-to- brain across 5,000 miles. "What kind of neuro security can we put in place to protect individuals from having accidental information
shared or removed from their brains? If two individuals share an idea, who is entitled to claim ownership? Who is responsible for actions devoted by the recipient of a
thought if a seperate thinker dictates the actions?" K. Human-Animal Hybrids (Chimeras)
The pursuit of human and animal hybrid today is to transcend the existing hybrids at the cellular level. This idea follows Greek mythologies, but its value covers
the problem we encounter on medicine, food security, etc. the natural reproduction and development is always intraspecies. Merging two species into one is of nature's
design, and it is the main ethical dilemma for this technological advancement.

L. Data Chip Implants

Together with population explosion are the issues and hitches on organizing social activities, verifying identities, tracking individuals, etc. data chip implants
would like to solve the problem on the chaos of having so many people. It can locate lost children. It can keep your medical and financial records efficiently. It can
transmit your identity easily. It can make people wallet-free. This might be a mandatory form of ID in the future.
The question is, can this really organize a society? Or can this even cause of massive chaos from privacy issues and weaker law enforcements?

M. Sexbots
It is a robot with synthetic skin and artificial intelligence capable of learning owner's preferences. The dream of the people working on robotics is limited to
sexual purposes but also to produce robots with feelings and emotions. Why has humanity reached this level of human desperation? This may change the norms, values,
and human interaction. It may promote sex addiction, and attachment to robot issues that can question mental sanity.

N. Virtual Currency
The most popular virtual currency today is called bitcoin. It is used to purchase and exchange money online without the intervention of a bank. This can be
purchased by anyone, and its value can be stored in a heavily encrypted online wallet. Others take the advantage of easy investment, but some others see it as a threat to
malicious exchange of money to fund malicious activities, like terrorism because of no interference from a centralized authority.

Other ethical dilemmas and policy issues presented by Reilly Centre for Science and Technology:

1. CRISPR/Cas9-used to edit a portion of an organism's DNA.

2. Head Transplant - has been experimented by a doctor and the possibility was proven in a lower animal.

3. Disappearing Drones - a drone that will deliver something to a person and will instantly vanish after it hands the delivery to you.

4. Artificial Womb

5. Bone Conduction for Marketing - a technology that will transmit advertisements to the brain through the bones.

6. Exoskeleton for the elderly-it aims to postpone retirement.