G.D.

GOENKA PUBLIC SCHOOL, SEC-22, ROHINI

CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL
FILE WORK
CLASS IX

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

• Note down Experiments no. 1 and 2 in the Chemistry file as mentioned below in your handwriting
neatly.
• Diagrams and observation table to be drawn on the left-hand side (blank side).
• Use pencil and scale for drawing the table and diagrams with neat and proper labeling.
• Index to be filled by mentioning the complete aim of the experiment in the title column, write the date
also in the index as well as on the page from where you start writing.

Experiment No. 1

AIM: - To determine the melting point of ice.

Materials Required
A thermometer (Celsius scale), a glass rod, an iron stand, a bunsen burner, wire gauze, a beaker, a tripod
stand, distilled water, and ice cubes prepared from distilled water.
Theory

1. Melting Point: The temperature at which the solid changes into liquid at the atmospheric
pressure is called melting point. For example, ice melts at 0°C to form water.
2. Latent Heat of Fusion: The heat energy absorbed during the melting of ice is stored in the
water formed, this energy is called latent heat of fusion. The amount of heat energy that is
required to change 1 kg of a solid into liquid at atmospheric pressure at its melting point
is known as the latent heat of fusion.

PROCEDURE :

1. Take some crushed ice in a beaker and suspend a thermometer in it such that the bulb of the
thermometer is surrounded by ice and should not touch the walls of the beaker.
2. Note the temperature when ice starts melting.
3. Heat the ice gently by using a flame of the burner and also keep on stirring with the help of a glass rod
to provide uniform heating.
4. On heating, ice starts melting to form water.
5. Note the temperature when all the ice has converted into water.
 OBSERVATION
As more heat is given, more ice melts to form water but the thermometer reading remains at 0oC.
As long as there remains even a little of ice in the beaker, the temperature does not rise, it remains constant
at 0oC.
RESULT

1. The melting point of ice is 0 °C.

2. The melting point of ice does not change with time as long as ice is present in the mixture of ice and
water formed from it.

PRECAUTIONS

1. The bulb of the thermometer should be kept in between ice cubes and it has to be surrounded with
ice on all sides.

2. The stirring of the ice cube should be done regularly to maintain uniform heating.

3. Temperature should be measured by keeping eyes in line with the level of mercury.

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 EXPERIMENT NO. 2 (Begin from a new Page)
AIM: To determine the boiling point of water.
Materials Required
Thermometer (Celsius scale), a glass rod, iron stand, a bunsen burner, wire gauze, beaker, tripod stand,
distilled water.
THEORY :

1. Boiling Point: The temperature at which the liquid boils and changes into gaseous state at the
atmospheric pressure is called boiling point. For example, water boils at 100°C to form water vapour.

2. Latent Heat of Vaporisation:

The heat energy absorbed by water when it changes its phase to steam, this hidden heat is called latent
heat of vaporisation.
The amount of heat energy that is required to change 1 kg of a liquid into vapour at atmospheric
pressure at its melting point is known as the latent heat of fusion.

PROCEDURE
1. Take some water in a beaker and add few pieces of pumice stones and suspend a thermometer in it.
2. Note the temperature of water.
3. Heat water gently by using a flame of the burner with constant stirring.
4. On heating, water starts converting into steam.
5. Record the temperature of boiling water on the thermometer every minute.

OBSERVATION
1. As more heat is given, more steam is formed but the thermometer reading remains at 100oC.
2. Once, the water has begun to boil, the temperature remains constant at 100oC until all the water
has changed into steam.
RESULT

1. The Boiling Point of water is 100 °C.

2. Once the boiling point is attained, the temperature reading on the thermometer does not
change with time as long as any water is left for boiling.

PRECAUTIONS

1. The bulb of the thermometer should be surrounded with the liquid.

2. To avoid bumping, Add porcelain pieces (pumice stones) before heating.
3. Heat water by rotating the flame.
4. Note the temperature by keeping the eyes in line with the level of mercury.

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 G.D. GOENKA PUBLIC SCHOOL, SEC-22, ROHINI

CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL
FILE WORK
CLASS IX

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
• Note down the Experiment No. 1 in the Chemistry file as mentioned below in your hand writing
neatly.
• Diagrams and observation table to be drawn on the left-hand side (blank side).
• Use pencil and scale for drawing the table and diagrams with neat and proper labelling.
• Index to be filled by mentioning the complete aim of the experiment in the title column, write
the date also in the index as well as on the page from where you start writing.

EXPERIMENT NO.3

AIM (Right hand side, Rule side)

To prepare
(a) a mixture
(b) a compound using iron filings and sulphur powder and distinguish between these based on:

1. appearance, i.e. homogeneity and heterogeneity

2. behaviour towards a magnet
3. behaviour towards carbon disulphide (a solvent)
4. effect of heat

MATERIALS REQUIRED (Right hand side, Rule side)

China dish, tripod stand, wire gauze, iron filings, sulphur burner, test tube stand and test tube holder.

THEORY (Right hand side, Rule side)

Formation of mixture is a physical change while formation of compound is a chemical change.
Mixture may be homogeneous or heterogeneous while compounds are always homogeneous. In a
mixture, components retain their individual properties while the components of a compound lose their
individual properties. The components of a mixture can be separated by physical methods while the
components of compounds cannot be separated by physical methods.

PROCEDURE (Right hand side, Rule side)

Preparation of mixture of iron and sulphur:
Take about 2 g iron filing and 1 g sulphur powder in a petri dish and mix them properly. Label this
mixture as A.

Preparation of compound iron sulphide: (Right hand side, Rule side)

Take 2 g iron filing and 1 g sulphur in a china dish. Heat this mixture gently and then strongly. Stir
constantly till black mass or compound of iron and sulphur is formed.
Cool the content of china dish and powder the black mass. Label compound powder as B

DIAGRAM: (Left hand side, Blank side)

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OBSERVATION TABLE: (Left hand side, Blank side)

Page 2 of 3
RESULT (Right hand side, Rule side)

1. ‘A’ is a mixture which is prepared by mixing iron filings and sulphur.

2. ‘B’ is a compound which is formed by strongly heating a mixture of iron filings and
sulphur. The chemical equation for this change is as follows:

3. The mixture of iron filings and sulphur is heterogeneous while the compound iron
sulphide
is homogeneous.
4. The properties of FeS are different from the properties of its constituents.

PRECAUTIONS (Right hand side, Rule side)

1. Handle the chemicals carefully.

2. Do not bring CS2 near the flame as it is highly inflammable.
3. Heating of the mixture of iron filling and sulphur should be done in a china dish.
4. Wash your hands properly with soap after the experiment.

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Page 3 of 3
 G.D. GOENKA PUBLIC SCHOOL, SEC-22, ROHINI

CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL
FILE WORK
CLASS IX

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
• Note down Experiment No. 4 in the Chemistry file as mentioned below in your own handwriting
neatly.
• Diagrams and observation table to be drawn on the left-hand side (blank side).
• Use pencil and scale for drawing the table and diagrams with neat and proper labeling.
• Index to be filled by mentioning the complete aim of the experiment in the title column, write the date
also in the index as well as on the page from where you start writing.

EXPERIMENT NO. 4

AIM (Right-hand side, Rule side)

To prepare

1. A true solution of common salt, sugar and alum.

2. A suspension of soil, chalk powder and fine sand in water.
3. A colloidal solution of starch in water and egg albumin in water and distinguish between these
on the basis of
o transparency
o filtration
o stability.

MATERIALS REQUIRED (Right hand side, Rule side)

Test tubes, beakers, water, common salt, sugar, alum, soil, chalk powder, fine sand, egg albumin, starch,
funnel, glass rod, filter paper.

1. THEORY (Right hand side, Rule side)

2.
True solution: A solution that has solute particles of size smaller than 1 nm (10-9 metres) in
diameter, and cannot be seen with naked eyes. They do not scatter a beam of light, the particles do
not separate by filtration and the particles do not settle down.
3. Suspension: It is a heterogeneous mixture in which solute particles do not dissolve but remain
suspended, particles can be seen with naked eye, it scatters a beam of light, and particles can be
separated from the mixture by filtration.
4. Colloidal solution: The solution appears to be homogeneous, the particles can scatter a beam of
light, they do not settle down when left undisturbed, it is stable and particles cannot be seen by naked
eyes. The particles cannot be filtered. The size of particles is between 1 nm to 1000 nm in diameter.

Properties of True Solutions

1. A true solution is a homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent.

2. The particle size of the solute is less than 1 nm (1 nm =10-9m).
3. The components do not scatter light and do not show the Tyndall effect.

Page 1 of 4
 4. The particles cannot be separated by filtration.
5. The solution is stable (remains uniform).
6. The solution is transparent.

Properties of Colloid

1. It is a heterogeneous solution but appears to be homogeneous.

2. The particle size of the solute is 1 nm-1000 nm. (10-9-10-6 m)
3. The components scatter light and shows the Tyndall effect.
4. The particles can be separated only by centrifugation.
5. The solution is stable.
6. The solution is translucent.

Properties of Suspension

1. It is a heterogeneous mixture.
2. Particle size is more than 1000 nm (10-6 m) and can be seen with naked eyes.
3. The particles of suspension, in its suspended form scatter a beam of light, i.e., shows Tyndall
effect.
4. It is unstable.
5. The particles can be separated by filtration.
6. It is opaque.

PROCEDURE (Right hand side, Rule side)

1. Take 8 beakers and label them as A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H and add 50 ml of water to each of these
beakers.
2. Add samples of salt, sugar and alum to beakers A, B and C. Stir to make clear solution.
3. Add soil, chalk powder and fine sand to beaker D, E and F. Stir for sometime.
4. Add a small amount of starch to the water and boil the content in beaker G.
In beaker H, add egg albumin and stir vigorously.
5. Observe the mixture and record them in the table given below.

OBSERVATION TABLE : (Left Hand Side)

(Complete the blanks in the table.)

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DIAGRAM: (Left hand side, Blank side)

Page 3 of 4
RESULT (Right-hand side, Rule side)

1. Beaker A – Common salt forms a true solution in water.

2. Beaker B – Sugar forms a true solution in water.
3. Beaker C – Alum forms a true solution in water.
4. Beaker D – Soil forms a suspension in water.
5. Beaker E – Chalk Powder forms a suspension in water.
6. Beaker F – Fine sand forms a suspension in water.
7. Beaker G – Starch forms a colloid in water.
8. Beaker H – Egg albumin forms a colloid in water.

PRECAUTIONS (Right-hand side, Rule side)

1. Distilled water should be used.

2. The components should be mixed in small amounts.
3. Fold the filter paper properly and moisten it before use.
4. The glass rod should be clean.
5. Wash your hands properly with soap after experiment.

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Page 4 of 4
 CLASS IX
CHEMISTRY
EXPERIMENT NO. 5
• Note down Experiment No.5 in the Chemistry file as mentioned below in your handwriting
neatly.
• Chemical equation on the left-hand side (blank side).
• Diagrams and observation table to be drawn on the left-hand side (blank side).
• Index to be filled by mentioning the complete aim of the experiment in the title column, write
the date also in the index as well as on the page from where you start writing.

Aim:
To verify the law of conservation of mass in a chemical reaction.
Theory:

1. During a chemical reaction, the mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products.
2. Mass can neither be created nor be destroyed.
3. It can be demonstrated using a precipitation reaction between BaCl2 (aq) and Na2SO4(aq).
4. The reaction involved is:

Procedure:

1. Make a solution of the ‘X’( Barium chloride) and ‘Y’(Sodium Sulphate) compounds.
2. In a conical flask, place a small amount of Y solution and a small amount of X solution.
3. As illustrated in the diagram, carefully suspend the ignite tube in the flask. The test tube
solution must not flow into the flask.
4. Cover the flask with a cork.
5. Carefully weigh the flask and its contents.
6. Now gently tilt and swirl the flask to combine the solutions X and Y.
7. Re-weigh the conical flask.
8. Make a note of your findings.
9. Note the mass of the conical flask before reaction.
 Observation:

According to the law of conservation of mass,

Mass of reactants (barium chloride + sodium sulphate) = Mass of products (barium sulphate+
sodium chloride).

Record the observations in the practical file as given below:

Total mass of reactants (before the reaction) = ____________

Total mass of products (after the reaction) = ______________

Result:

On comparing the mass of reactants and the mass of products, we find that both are equal.

This proves the law of conservation of mass.

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