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Object Oriented Design Essay Questions

The document discusses key concepts in Object-Oriented Design and Analysis, including dynamic binding, UML, encapsulation, and abstraction. It highlights the importance of design patterns, CRC cards, and the differences between functional and object-oriented decomposition. Additionally, it explains the application of object-oriented principles in database design and the benefits of responsibility-driven design and iterative development methodologies.

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15 views3 pages

Object Oriented Design Essay Questions

The document discusses key concepts in Object-Oriented Design and Analysis, including dynamic binding, UML, encapsulation, and abstraction. It highlights the importance of design patterns, CRC cards, and the differences between functional and object-oriented decomposition. Additionally, it explains the application of object-oriented principles in database design and the benefits of responsibility-driven design and iterative development methodologies.

Uploaded by

yinka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Object-Oriented Design and Analysis:

Essay Questions with Answers


1. 21. Explain the concept of dynamic binding and how it supports polymorphism.

Dynamic binding refers to the process where the code to be executed in response to
a function call is determined at runtime rather than compile time. This is essential in
polymorphism, allowing different classes to define behavior for the same method
name. For example, a method `makeSound()` might be implemented differently in
`Dog` and `Cat` classes. When called via a reference of type `Animal`, the actual
method invoked is determined at runtime. This flexibility supports extensibility and
runtime adaptability.

2. 22. Discuss the role of UML in object-oriented analysis and design.

Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a standardized visual language for modeling


object-oriented systems. It helps developers and stakeholders understand, design,
and document software architecture through various diagram types: Class diagrams
(structure), Use-case diagrams (requirements), Sequence and activity diagrams
(behavior), State diagrams (lifecycle). UML enhances communication, ensures
alignment between requirements and design, and supports software development
across the lifecycle.

3. 23. How does encapsulation improve data security and integrity in object-
oriented systems?

Encapsulation is the principle of hiding an object's internal state and requiring all
interaction to occur through well-defined interfaces (e.g., getter and setter
methods). This protects object data from unauthorized access or modification. By
keeping data members private and exposing only necessary operations, developers
ensure better data security, avoid unintended side-effects, and enforce control over
data consistency and validation.

4. 24. Describe how interfaces and abstract classes promote abstraction.

Abstraction is the process of exposing only relevant details while hiding internal
complexities. Interfaces and abstract classes are tools to achieve this: Interfaces
define a contract of methods without implementation. Classes implementing the
interface must provide the behavior. Abstract classes can define some methods with
implementation and others as abstract. These promote polymorphism, enforce
consistency, and allow diverse implementations while working through a common
interface.

5. 25. Explain how design patterns can help in reducing software complexity.

Design patterns are reusable solutions to recurring software design problems. They
encapsulate best practices and promote a clear, structured approach. By applying
patterns like Observer, Strategy, or Decorator, developers can: Simplify complex
code structures, Enhance readability and maintainability, Encourage
modularization, Avoid reinventing the wheel. Patterns lead to faster development,
fewer bugs, and systems that are easier to extend and refactor.

6. 26. What is the significance of CRC (Class-Responsibility-Collaborator) cards in


design?

CRC cards are a simple tool used in object-oriented design to represent classes, their
responsibilities, and the collaborators they interact with. Each index card typically
includes: Class Name, Responsibilities (what the class does), Collaborators (other
classes it interacts with). They help in brainstorming, identifying class behaviors,
responsibilities, and relationships in an informal, flexible manner, supporting early-
stage design and team collaboration.

7. 27. Differentiate between functional decomposition and object-oriented


decomposition.

Functional decomposition breaks down a system based on functions or procedures.


It’s common in procedural programming and leads to systems composed of
functions with global data. Object-oriented decomposition focuses on modeling
entities as objects with data and behavior. It aligns closely with real-world entities
and promotes modularity, encapsulation, and reusability. While functional
decomposition works well for simple, linear tasks, OOD scales better for complex,
evolving systems.

8. 28. How can object-oriented design principles be applied in database design?

Object-oriented principles influence database design through: Object-Relational


Mapping (ORM): Mapping classes to tables. Encapsulation: Stored procedures or
views encapsulate complex queries. Inheritance: Table inheritance models
subclasses (e.g., table-per-class). Relationships: Associations, compositions, and
aggregations are mapped via foreign keys. OOD improves maintainability,
consistency between application and database layers, and eases transitions between
models.
9. 29. Describe the role of responsibility-driven design in OOA&D.

Responsibility-Driven Design (RDD) focuses on identifying and assigning


responsibilities to classes and objects. Instead of starting with data or methods, RDD
asks what each class should do and who it should collaborate with. This leads to
high cohesion, low coupling, and a clear separation of concerns. It encourages good
object-oriented practices and design clarity.

10. 30. How do object-oriented methodologies facilitate iterative and incremental


development?

Object-oriented methodologies align well with iterative and incremental


development because: They support modular design (objects/classes), allowing
small parts to be developed and tested independently. Changes to one part of the
system have minimal impact due to encapsulation and low coupling. Iterations can
focus on refining classes or adding new ones without restructuring the whole
system. This makes OOD ideal for agile environments where requirements evolve
over time.

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