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Day9 RAID Backup

RAID is a technology that enhances performance and reliability by using multiple hard disk drives simultaneously, providing fault tolerance against disk failures. There are various RAID levels, including RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 4, and RAID 5, each with different configurations and fault tolerance capabilities. Backup processes are also discussed, highlighting methods such as full and incremental backups, along with commands for managing RAID and backup operations.

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Douglas Kamga
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11 views8 pages

Day9 RAID Backup

RAID is a technology that enhances performance and reliability by using multiple hard disk drives simultaneously, providing fault tolerance against disk failures. There are various RAID levels, including RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 4, and RAID 5, each with different configurations and fault tolerance capabilities. Backup processes are also discussed, highlighting methods such as full and incremental backups, along with commands for managing RAID and backup operations.

Uploaded by

Douglas Kamga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID)

• RAID is a technology that employs the simultaneous use of two or


more partitions on the same or different hard disk drives to achieve
greater levels of performance and reliability.

• It is a fault tolerance mechanism in which the data is not lost even if


one of the disk fails.
Types of RAID

• Hardware RAID

• Software RAID

RAID Levels

• RAID 0 (striping without parity)

• RAID 1 (disk mirroring)

• RAID 4 (parity)

• RAID 5 (striping with parity)

Parity

• Parity is used for fault tolerance.


0 0 0
• Parity is calculated by using XOR tables 0 1 1
• Example 1 0 1
10110001010 (data of disk 1) 1 1 0
01110000101 (data of disk 2)
_________________

11000001111 (parity)
• If one hard disk is lost the data on the other hard disk is XOR with the
parity and the original data is retrieved.
RAID 0

• Minimum 2 hard disks required.

• Can support maximum 32 hard disks.

• Data is written simultaneously and evenly across the multiple hard


disks.

• The reading and writing speed is faster.

• Fault tolerance is not available.

RAID 1

• Works with only 2 hard disks.

• Same data is simultaneous written on both the disk.

• The reading speed is fast and the writing speed is slow.

• Fault tolerance is available.

• Overhead is 50%

RAID 4

• Minimum 3 hard disks required.

• Can support maximum 32 hard disks.

• One of the disk is reserved for parity.

• Data is written simultaneously and evenly across the remaining disks.

• The reading and writing speed is fast.

• Fault tolerance is available.

• Overhead 1 hard disk


RAID 5

• Minimum 3 hard disks required.

• Can support maximum 32 hard disks.

• Data is written simultaneously and evenly across multiple hard disks.

• The parity is written equally on all disks.

• The reading and writing speed is fast.

• Fault tolerance is available.

Creating Partitions

Make multiple partitions


[root@comp1 ~]# fdisk <device>

Update the partition table


[root@comp1 ~]# partprobe <device>

RAID Commands

To club all partitions into a RAID array


[root@comp1 ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -n<No. of partitions>
<partition 1> <partition 2> <partition 3> -l<level>

Formatting the RAID device


[root@comp1 ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/md0

Making a mount point


[root@comp1 ~]# mkdir <directory name>
RAID Commands

Mounting the RAID partition


[root@comp1 ~]# mount /dev/md0 <directory name>

To make a partition faulty


[root@comp1 ~]# mdadm -f /dev/md0 <faulty partition>

To remove a partition from the RAID array


[root@comp1 ~]# mdadm -r /dev/md0 <partition>

RAID Commands

Add a new partition to the RAID array


[root@comp1 ~]# mdadm -a /dev/md0 <new partition >

To display the RAID device


[root@comp1 ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0

To stop the RAID


[root@comp1 ~]# mdadm -S /dev/md0
Note: First it has to be unmounted before it can be stopped.

RAID Commands

To assemble a RAID
[root@comp1 ~]# mdadm -A /dev/md0 <partition1>
<partition2> <partition3>
Backup

• Backup is the process of copying the data to another location.

• It is used to prevent the loss of data.

• Users can take a backup only of their own data.

• The complete backup can only be taken by root.

Back Up Data Corrupted Data Restore Data

Types of Backup

• Full backup

– The backup of the complete data.

• Incremental backup

– It includes files that were changed since the last backup.


Commands for Backup

• Tar (Tape Archive)

• Dump

Backup using tar Command

To backup and restore using tar commands


[root@comp1 ~]# tar <options> <destination> <source>

Options
-c Create -t Table of content

-x Extract / restore -z Zip

-v Verbose

-f File

Backup using dump Command

To backup using dump commands


[root@comp1 ~]# dump <options> <destination> <source>

Options
-n n is an integer between 0 and 9 (0 means full backup)

-u Updates dump database file (/etc/dumpdates)

-f Filename
Backup using dump Command

To restore the backup created by using the dump command


[root@comp1 ~]# restore <options> <destination> <source>

Options
-t Table of contents

-r Restore

-f Filename

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