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RAM and ROM Handout

The document explains the basics of computer memory, focusing on two main types: RAM (volatile, temporary memory used for active tasks) and ROM (non-volatile, permanent memory used for firmware). It details various types of RAM and ROM, their key features, and comparisons between them. Additionally, it provides real-world examples, FAQs, and key takeaways regarding memory performance and functionality.

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9 views4 pages

RAM and ROM Handout

The document explains the basics of computer memory, focusing on two main types: RAM (volatile, temporary memory used for active tasks) and ROM (non-volatile, permanent memory used for firmware). It details various types of RAM and ROM, their key features, and comparisons between them. Additionally, it provides real-world examples, FAQs, and key takeaways regarding memory performance and functionality.

Uploaded by

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Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RAM and ROM Handout

Understanding Computer Memory Basics

1. Introduction to Computer Memory


Computer memory stores data and instructions for processing. There are two main
types:

 RAM (Random Access Memory) – Temporary, fast memory (volatile).


 ROM (Read-Only Memory) – Permanent, non-volatile memory.

2. RAM (Random Access Memory)


Definition

 Volatile (loses data when power is off).


 Used for active tasks (running programs, OS operations).

Types of RAM

Type Description Speed Use Case

DRAM Dynamic RAM (needs refresh) Slow Main system memory

SRAM Static RAM (no refresh needed) Fast CPU cache

SDRAM Synchronous DRAM (syncs with CPU) Medium Modern PCs

DDR4/DDR5 Double Data Rate RAM Very Fast Gaming, Workstations

Key Features
✔ Fast read/write speeds
✔ Temporary storage (holds data while PC is on)
✔ Upgradable (more RAM = better multitasking)

3. ROM (Read-Only Memory)


Definition

 Non-volatile (retains data without power).


 Stores firmware (BIOS, bootloader).

Types of ROM

Type Description Example Use

Mask ROM Factory-programmed, unchangeable Consoles, embedded systems

PROM Programmable ROM (one-time write) Old hardware

EPROM Erasable PROM (UV light erase) Legacy devices

EEPROM Electrically Erasable PROM BIOS, SSDs

Flash Memory Modern EEPROM (fast, rewritable) USB drives, SSDs

Key Features

✔ Permanent storage (retains data after power-off)


✔ Stores critical system instructions (e.g., boot process)
✔ Not typically user-modifiable (except Flash/EEPROM)

4. RAM vs ROM Comparison


Feature RAM ROM

Volatility Volatile (loses data on power-off) Non-volatile (retains data)

Speed Very fast Slower than RAM

Purpose Temporary data (running apps) Permanent data (firmware)

Modifiable Read & Write Read-only (mostly)

Upgradable Yes (expandable) No (fixed in hardware)

5. Real-World Examples
RAM in Action

 8GB RAM → Good for web browsing, office work.


 16GB+ RAM → Gaming, video editing, multitasking.

ROM in Action

 BIOS/UEFI (stored in motherboard ROM).


 Smartphone firmware (Android/iOS bootloader).
 Game cartridges (Switch, older consoles).

6. How Memory Works Together


1. Power On → ROM (BIOS) loads the OS.
2. OS Boot → OS loads into RAM.
3. App Execution → Programs run in RAM.
4. Data Storage → Files saved to SSD/HDD (long-term).
7. Frequently Asked Questions
❓ Can ROM be upgraded?
→ No (hardwired), but Flash ROM (like BIOS) can be updated.

❓ Why does more RAM improve performance?


→ More apps can run simultaneously without slowing down.

❓ Is SSD RAM or ROM?


→ Neither! SSDs use Flash Memory (a type of EEPROM) for storage.

8. Key Takeaways
 RAM = Short-term memory (fast, temporary).
 ROM = Long-term memory (permanent, unchangeable).
 More RAM = Better performance for multitasking.
 ROM is essential for booting up devices.

Test Your Knowledge!

1. Which memory type is volatile? (RAM/ROM)


2. Where is the BIOS stored? (RAM/ROM)
3. True or False: ROM is faster than RAM. (False)

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