PYTHON UNIT 4

AIM: Python program to print each line of a file in reverse order

Program:

def print_lines_in_reverse(file_path):
try:
with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
lines = file.readlines()
for line in reversed(lines):
print(line.strip())
except FileNotFoundError:
print(f"The file {file_path} does not exist.")
except Exception as e:
print(f"An error occurred: {e}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
file_path = input("Enter the path to the file: ")
print_lines_in_reverse(file_path)
 PYTHON UNIT 4

AIM: Python program to compute the number of characters, words

and lines in a file
Program:
file_path = input("Enter the path to the file: ")

try:

with open(file_path, 'r') as file:

content = file.read() # Read the entire file content

num_lines = content.count('\n') + 1 # Count lines

num_words = len(content.split()) # Count words

num_chars = len(content) # Count characters

print(file_path)

print(f"Number of lines: {num_lines}")

print(f"Number of words: {num_words}")

print(f"Number of characters: {num_chars}")

except FileNotFoundError:

print(f"The file {file_path} does not exist.")

except Exception as e:

print(f"An error occurred: {e}")

 PYTHON UNIT 4
AIM: Write a program to create, display, append, insert and reverse
the order of the items in the array.

Program:
# Initialize an empty list (array)

array = []

def display_array(arr):

print("Current array:", arr)

while True:

print("\nMenu:")

print("1. Create an array")

print("2. Display the array")

print("3. Append an item")

print("4. Insert an item")

print("5. Reverse the array")

print("6. Exit")

choice = input("Choose an option (1-6): ")

if choice == '1':

array = input("Enter items separated by space: ").split()

print("Array created.")

elif choice == '2':

display_array(array)

elif choice == '3':

 PYTHON UNIT 4
item = input("Enter an item to append: ")

array.append(item)

print(f"'{item}' appended to the array.")

elif choice == '4':

item = input("Enter an item to insert: ")

position = int(input("Enter the position to insert (0 to {}):

".format(len(array))))

if 0 <= position <= len(array):

array.insert(position, item)

print(f"'{item}' inserted at position {position}.")

else:

print("Invalid position.")

elif choice == '5':

array.reverse()

print("Array reversed.")

elif choice == '6':

# Exit

print("Exiting program.")

break

else:

print("Invalid choice. Please try again.")

 PYTHON UNIT 4

AIM: Write a program to add, transpose and multiply two matrices

Program:
def get_matrix_input(rows, cols):

matrix = []

print(f"Enter the elements of the matrix ({rows}x{cols}):")

for i in range(rows):

row = list(map(int, input(f"Row {i + 1}: ").split()))

while len(row) != cols:

print(f"Please enter exactly {cols} numbers.")

row = list(map(int, input(f"Row {i + 1}: ").split()))

matrix.append(row)

return matrix

def add_matrices(A, B):

return [[A[i][j] + B[i][j] for j in range(len(A[0]))] for i in range(len(A))]

def transpose_matrix(matrix):

return [[matrix[j][i] for j in range(len(matrix))] for i in range(len(matrix[0]))]

def multiply_matrices(A, B):

result = [[0] * len(B[0]) for _ in range(len(A))]

for i in range(len(A)):

for j in range(len(B[0])):

for k in range(len(B)):

result[i][j] += A[i][k] * B[k][j]

 PYTHON UNIT 4
return result

def display_matrix(matrix):

for row in matrix:

print(' '.join(map(str, row)))

# Main program

while True:

print("\nMenu:")

print("1. Add matrices")

print("2. Transpose a matrix")

print("3. Multiply matrices")

print("4. Exit")

choice = input("Choose an option (1-4): ")

if choice == '1':

rows = int(input("Enter number of rows: "))

cols = int(input("Enter number of columns: "))

print("Matrix A:")

A = get_matrix_input(rows, cols)

print("Matrix B:")

B = get_matrix_input(rows, cols)

result = add_matrices(A, B)

print("Result of addition:")

display_matrix(result)
 PYTHON UNIT 4
elif choice == '2':

rows = int(input("Enter number of rows: "))

cols = int(input("Enter number of columns: "))

print("Matrix:")

matrix = get_matrix_input(rows, cols)

result = transpose_matrix(matrix)

print("Transposed matrix:")

display_matrix(result)

elif choice == '3':

rows_A = int(input("Enter number of rows for Matrix A: "))

cols_A = int(input("Enter number of columns for Matrix A: "))

print("Matrix A:")

A = get_matrix_input(rows_A, cols_A)

rows_B = int(input("Enter number of rows for Matrix B: "))

cols_B = int(input("Enter number of columns for Matrix B: "))

if cols_A != rows_B:

print("Error: Number of columns in Matrix A must be equal to number

of rows in Matrix B.")

continue

print("Matrix B:")

B = get_matrix_input(rows_B, cols_B)

result = multiply_matrices(A, B)
 PYTHON UNIT 4
print("Result of multiplication:")

display_matrix(result)

elif choice == '4':

print("Exiting program.")

break

else:

print("Invalid choice. Please try again.")

AIM: Write a Python program to create a class that represents a

shape. Include methods to calculate its area and perimeter.
 PYTHON UNIT 4
Implement subclasses for different shapes like circle,triangle, and
square.
Program:
import math

# Base class

class Shape:

def area(self):

raise NotImplementedError("Area method must be implemented by

subclasses.")

def perimeter(self):

raise NotImplementedError("Perimeter method must be implemented by

subclasses.")

# Circle subclass

class Circle(Shape):

def __init__(self, radius):

self.radius = radius

def area(self):

return math.pi * (self.radius ** 2)

def perimeter(self):

return 2 * math.pi * self.radius

# Triangle subclass

class Triangle(Shape):

def __init__(self, base, height, side1, side2):

self.base = base

self.height = height
 PYTHON UNIT 4
self.side1 = side1

self.side2 = side2

def area(self):

return 0.5 * self.base * self.height

def perimeter(self):

return self.base + self.side1 + self.side2

# Square subclass

class Square(Shape):

def __init__(self, side):

self.side = side

def area(self):

return self.side ** 2

def perimeter(self):

return 4 * self.side

# Main program

def main():

shapes = []

# Create a circle

radius = float(input("Enter the radius of the circle: "))

shapes.append(Circle(radius))

# Create a triangle

base = float(input("Enter the base of the triangle: "))

 PYTHON UNIT 4
height = float(input("Enter the height of the triangle: "))

side1 = float(input("Enter the length of side 1 of the triangle: "))

side2 = float(input("Enter the length of side 2 of the triangle: "))

shapes.append(Triangle(base, height, side1, side2))

# Create a square

side = float(input("Enter the side length of the square: "))

shapes.append(Square(side))

# Display areas and perimeters

for shape in shapes:

print(f"\nShape: {shape.__class__.__name__}")

print(f"Area: {shape.area():.2f}")

print(f"Perimeter: {shape.perimeter():.2f}")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()