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Apuntes DB 1

The document provides an introduction to databases, covering their purpose, types, and the role of Database Management Systems (DBMS). It outlines various database models, including hierarchical, network, relational, and object-oriented, as well as other types like centralized, distributed, cloud, and non-relational databases. Additionally, it explains SQL as the primary language for interacting with relational databases and lists common SQL operations.

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9 views4 pages

Apuntes DB 1

The document provides an introduction to databases, covering their purpose, types, and the role of Database Management Systems (DBMS). It outlines various database models, including hierarchical, network, relational, and object-oriented, as well as other types like centralized, distributed, cloud, and non-relational databases. Additionally, it explains SQL as the primary language for interacting with relational databases and lists common SQL operations.

Uploaded by

cgandulduque
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 1​ 2

1. Introduction to Databases​ 2
2. Database Management Systems (DBMS)​ 2
3. Types of Database Models​ 2
4. Other Types of Databases​ 3
5. SQL (Structured Query Language)​ 4

© 2024-2025 Celia Gandul Duque. Todos los derechos reservados.


Unit 1
1. Introduction to Databases

●​ Database: An organized collection of structured information or data,


typically stored electronically in a computer system.
●​ Purposes of a Database:
○​ Store data.
○​ Provide an organizational structure for data.
○​ Facilitate querying, creating, modifying, and deleting data.
●​ CRUD: Acronym that describes the four basic operations in databases:
○​ Create
○​ Read
○​ Update
○​ Delete

2. Database Management Systems (DBMS)

●​ DBMS (Database Management System): Specialized software that controls


and manages database operations. It acts as an intermediary between users
and the database.
●​ Functions of a DBMS:
○​ Create and maintain the structure of the database.
○​ Read and modify data (insert, update, delete).
○​ Provide security and access control for multiple users.
○​ Perform data backup and recovery.
●​ Types of users in a DBMS:
○​ Application programmers: Write programs that interact with the
database.
○​ Database administrators (DBA): Manage and oversee the DBMS.
○​ End-users: People who interact with the data.

3. Types of Database Models

There are several types of database models, which determine how information is
organized and manipulated.

a. Hierarchical Database

© 2024-2025 Celia Gandul Duque. Todos los derechos reservados.


●​ Organizes data in a tree-like structure, with parent-child relationships.
●​ One parent can have many children, but a child can only have one parent.

b. Network Database

●​ Similar to the hierarchical database, but allows a child to have multiple


parents.
●​ Organizes data in a graph structure.

c. Relational Database

●​ Organizes data into tables with rows and columns.


●​ Keys:
○​ Primary Key: A unique identifier for each row in a table.
○​ Foreign Key: A column in one table that refers to the primary key of
another table.
●​ This is the most widely used database model today due to its ease of use
and flexibility.

d. Object-Oriented Database

●​ Data is stored as objects, which contain both attributes (data values) and
methods (operations).

4. Other Types of Databases

a. Centralized Database

●​ All information is stored in a single location, and users access it from


different sites.

b. Distributed Database

●​ Data is distributed across various connected sites, making it easier for


users to access data remotely and simultaneously.

c. Cloud Database

●​ Data is stored on cloud computing platforms, allowing access via the


internet.

d. Non-relational Databases (NoSQL)

© 2024-2025 Celia Gandul Duque. Todos los derechos reservados.


●​ Do not use the traditional table model. Instead, they may be based on
structures like documents, graphs, or columns.

5. SQL (Structured Query Language)

●​ SQL: The most common lan guage used to interact with relational
databases.
●​ Common SQL statements:
○​ SELECT: Retrieve data.
○​ INSERT: Insert new data.
○​ UPDATE: Modify existing data.
○​ DELETE: Delete data.

© 2024-2025 Celia Gandul Duque. Todos los derechos reservados.

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