CHANAKYA LAW COLLEGE

ASSIGNMENT 2025-2026

STUDENT COLLEGE ID - BBA 23011

STUDENT NAME - PRIYANSHU GIRI

FATHER NAME - MR. PRAVESH GIRI

COURSE & SEMESTER - BBA 4th

SUBJECT - COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS

MOBILE NO - 8449040674
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude

for the support and resources that enabled me to complete this
assignment successfully. This task has been a valuable learning
experience, allowing me to explore the subject in depth, enhance
my critical thinking, and strengthen my research and writing skills.

Throughout the process, I encountered challenges that encouraged

me to think independently and seek effective solutions. These
experiences have contributed significantly to my personal and
academic growth. I am thankful for the opportunity to apply
theoretical knowledge in a practical context, which has enriched my
understanding of the topic.

I also appreciate the availability of various learning materials and

platforms that provided me with relevant information and insights.
The ability to access credible sources and well-structured
references played an important role in shaping the content of this
assignment.
 INDEX
S.NO CONTENT PAGE.NO
1. Introduction 1
2. Evolution and importance of 2
computers
3. Speed 3
4. Automation 4
5. Storage 5
6. Accuracy 6
7. Diligence 7
8. Versatility 8
9. Multitasking 9
10. Communication 10
11. Limitations of Computers 11
12. Future Scope of Computers 12
13. Conclusion 13
14. Bibliography 14
Topic - Computer Characteristics – Speed, Automation, Storage,
Accuracy.

INTRODUCTION

In today's digital world, computers are central to almost every

human activity. From basic tasks like writing and calculations to
complex operations like data analysis and artificial intelligence,
computers have become essential tools. The unique characteristics
that distinguish computers from other machines are key to their
usefulness. These include high speed, automation, large storage
capacity, accuracy, diligence, versatility, and multitasking. This
assignment aims to explore and analyze these essential features in
depth, providing a clear understanding of what makes computers
powerful, reliable, and indispensable in modern life.
Evolution and Importance of Computers

Computers have evolved dramatically over the past century. From

the early mechanical computing devices to the modern-day digital
computers, their transformation has been revolutionary. Charles
Babbage’s Analytical Engine laid the foundation, and today’s
supercomputers can process quadrillions of instructions per
second.

Importance of Computers:

Education: Computers assist in learning, research, and content

creation.

Healthcare: From managing records to robotic surgeries.

Banking: For secure, fast, and accurate transactions.

Business: Enhancing productivity and automating operations.

Science & Research: Conducting simulations, experiments, and

data analysis.
Speed

One of the most powerful characteristics of a computer is its speed.

Computers can perform millions or billions of instructions per
second. The speed of a computer is measured in Hertz (Hz), and
modern processors often work in gigahertz (GHz).

Example:

A task that might take a human several hours, such as sorting a

million entries, can be done by a computer in seconds.

Importance:

In weather forecasting, high-speed computing allows prediction

models to process huge datasets in real-time.

In online banking, transactions are completed within milliseconds,

ensuring instant payments.

Speed not only enhances productivity but also makes real-time data
processing and communication possible.
Automation

Automation is the ability of a computer to perform a task

automatically once it has been programmed. Once instructions are
given, a computer executes them without further human
involvement.

Examples of Automation:

Email filters that sort messages.

Industrial robots that assemble cars.

Auto-generated reports and billing systems.

Benefits:

Saves time and human effort.

Minimizes errors caused by manual input.
Storage

Storage refers to the computer’s ability to retain data and

instructions, both temporarily and permanently. Storage is divided
into:

Primary Storage (RAM): Fast, temporary memory used during

processing.
Secondary Storage (HDDs/SSDs): Long-term data storage.
Tertiary Storage: Optical disks, backup tapes.
Cloud Storage: Online platforms offering remote storage.
Example:
A laptop with 1TB storage can hold over 250,000 high-resolution
photos or over 500 hours of HD video.
Importance:

Essential for document archiving, multimedia storage, and running

complex software.

Enables real-time data access and sharing over networks.

Critical for big data and cloud computing applications.

Accuracy
Computers are designed to be extremely accurate. They perform
calculations and process data with minimal to no error. In most
cases, any error that occurs is due to incorrect input or
programming.
How Computers Ensure Accuracy:

Binary processing ensures clear, error-free logic.

Advanced software includes error-checking and correction
algorithms.
Redundancy systems back up important data.
Examples:

In aerospace, computers must calculate flight paths accurately to

ensure safety.
In medicine, diagnostic software must interpret data without
mistakes.
Accuracy is especially important in areas where mistakes can have
serious consequences, such as in engineering or medical
procedures.
Diligence

Unlike humans, computers do not suffer from fatigue, boredom, or

distraction. They can work continuously for hours or even days
without a drop in performance or accuracy.

Real-Life Example:

A data server works 24/7 to manage internet traffic without stopping.

Surveillance systems powered by computers monitor premises non-

stop.

Advantages:

Ideal for high-volume tasks.

Reliable in environments requiring constant attention like banking

systems, air traffic control, or factory production lines.
Diligence ensures computers can be trusted for round-the-clock
operations without risk of failure due to tiredness.
Versatility

Versatility refers to the wide range of tasks a computer can perform.

With appropriate software, a computer can be used for various
applications – from graphic design to scientific simulations.

Examples:

A single device can be used to browse the internet, make video

calls, create spreadsheets, play music, and program applications.

Impact:

Reduces the need for multiple devices.

Makes computers suitable for homes, businesses, schools,

hospitals, and more.

Versatility is what makes computers an all-in-one solution for many

human needs.
Multitasking

Multitasking is the ability to execute several tasks at the same time.

Operating systems like Windows, macOS, and Linux allow users to
run multiple applications simultaneously.

Examples:

A user can download files, play music, and work on a document

simultaneously.
A server handles thousands of website requests from users around
the world at once.

Benefits:
Saves time.
Increases user productivity.
Optimizes hardware resources.
Multitasking is essential for businesses and professionals who rely
on multiple tools to operate effectively.
Communication

Modern computers can communicate with other devices via wired

or wireless networks. They facilitate data sharing, collaboration, and
access to remote resources.

Examples:

Emails, video conferencing, and cloud file sharing.

Internet of Things (IoT) devices communicating with central systems.

Benefits:

Connects people globally.

Supports teamwork in organizations.
Enables access to vast information sources online.

Without this characteristic, the concept of the internet and global

connectivity would not exist.
Limitations of Computers

Despite their advantages, computers have certain limitations:

Lack of Intelligence: Computers cannot think, reason, or

understand human emotions.
Dependency: They rely completely on user instructions and
programming.
Vulnerability: Computers are susceptible to viruses, hacking, and
data breaches.
No Creativity: Computers can assist in creative work but cannot
create original ideas.

Examples:

A computer cannot write a novel on its own without human

guidance.
A calculator cannot decide which formula to use unless instructed.
Understanding these limitations helps us use computers effectively
without over-relying on them.
Future Scope of Computers

The future of computers lies in advancements like:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) – Making computers more "intelligent."

Quantum Computing – Offering speeds and storage far beyond

traditional systems.

Edge Computing – Processing data closer to its source, ideal for IoT.

Human-Computer Interaction – Improved through voice

recognition, gestures, and neural interfaces.

These advancements aim to make computers even more powerful,

intuitive, and integrated into everyday life
Conclusion

Computers are complex, intelligent machines with remarkable

features that make them useful across all sectors of society. Their
speed, automation, storage capabilities, accuracy, diligence,
versatility, multitasking, and communication skills have made them
an integral part of our lives. However, like any tool, they come with
limitations and must be used responsibly. As technology evolves,
the role of computers will expand even further, shaping the way we
live, learn, and work.
Bibliography

1. Rajaraman, V. Fundamentals of Computers. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.

2. Sinha, P.K., & Sinha, Priti. Computer Fundamentals. BPB

Publications.

3. Norton, Peter. Introduction to Computers. McGraw-Hill Education

Online Resources:

• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org

• https://www.tutorialspoint.com

• https://www.ibm.com

• https://www.microsoft.com

• https://www.wikipedia.org