MODULE WEEK NO.

8
INITAO College
University Jampason, Initao, Misamis Oriental
Logo

College of Hospitality Management

HPC 10: Research in Hospitality 1
2nd Semester of A.Y. 2024-2025

Introduction

This module will discuss the continuation on how to conceptualize a research

study; basically writing the research title, writing an introduction and stating
the problem and writing the background of the study.

Rationale
 Conceptualization is the process of refining the important concepts and
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terms in the thesis/dissertation by giving them conceptual or theoretical

definitions (de Belen, 2015).
Intended Learning Outcomes
At the end of this module, students are expected to:
A. Conceptualize a research study.
B. Write a research title that describes what the study is all about.
C. Write a statement of the problem.
D. Write an appropriate background of the study.
E. Identify the independent and dependent variables.
F. Formulate a hypothesis.
Activity

1. Interactive and thorough discussions on the topic.

2. Exercises to enhance the learning of the students.
3. At home Activity that will practice the knowledge that the students
acquired through concept mapping.

Discussion
Writing the Research Title
Hereare basic questions asked about the research title.
 Does the title describe what the study is all about?
 Does the title contain high specificity level?
 Is the title academically phrased and is not verbose?
 Is the title within the twelve (12) substantive word requirement of the
American Psychological Association (APA)?
Read the following titles. Do they meet the basic questions asked?
1. Portfolios: A Tool for Reflective Thinking in Teacher Education
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2. Impact of Parental Support on the Academic Performance and Self Concept of
the Students
3. Influence of Family and Socio-Demographic Variables on Students with Low
Academic Achievement
4. Private Tutoring and Social Cohesion
5. Attachment and Socialization the Positive Side of Social Influence
Writing an Introduction
An introduction answers the following questions.
 What is the problem?
 Why is it a problem?
 How it should be solved?
 Why it should be solved?
 What is the purpose of the study?
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Now
use the template below to identify the parts of an introduction.

Title of the study ________________________________________________________________

Author(s) ______________________________________________________________________

What is the Why is it a How it should Why it should What is the

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 MODULE WEEK NO.8
problem? problem? be solved? be solved? purpose of
the study?
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Stating the Problem

The problem statement is the researcher's guide during the research process.
It is the verbalization and articulations as well as the analysis of the “questions” in
which the researcher wants the research to answer.
The problem statement is divided into the major or main problem and the
minor or sub-problems. The major or main problem is the verbalization of the
specific "question” which the researcher wants to answer. It may be stated
declaratively of interrogatively.
Example:
Main problem (Interrogative)
What are the factors that affect the teaching skills of teachers?
Main problem (Declarative)
This study aims to design and develop an online course in Human Behavior
in the
Organization at the Graduate Level.
What is a statement of the problem?
A statement of the problem is a concise description of the issues that need
to be addressed by the researcher.
Writing the Background of the Study
A. What is the purpose of a background study? One of the preliminary steps
to completing a thesis/dissertation is the background study. The background
study includes (1) a review of the area being researched; (2) current information
surrounding the issue; (3) previous studies on the issue; (4) relevant history on
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 MODULE WEEK NO.8
the issue; and (5) effectively set forth the history and background information on
the problem. (The University of Sydney, n.d.)
The purpose of a background study is to help you to prove the relevance of
your research question and to further develop your thesis.
B. Why do a background study?
In addition to gaining general knowledge about your topic area, your goals
are to determine the current state of knowledge and to become familiar with
current research. Gravetter and Forzano (2006) pointed out that once you have a
general idea for a research study, the next step is to go to the library to gather
background that you have identified. Once you have done this, your task is simply
to extend the current research one more step.
C. How do you write a background study?
1. Conduct a primary research at the beginning stages of formulating a
thesis when many issues are unclear. Visit your library, the internet to find
primary sources such as books and scholarly journals for your background study.
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2. Read the information and develop a research question of thesis statement

that will guide your research. You will need to take notes and keep accurate tract
of the sources that you used up to this point. Use a method of recording source of
information that you are comfortable with. Be sure to cite the source of the
information or each note so you don't forget where the piece of information came
from, should you decide to use it in your thesis.
3. Write a thesis statement or research question. Think about what you've
read and look to issues, problems or solutions that others have found and
determine your own opinion or stance on the issue.
4. Complete your research using your thesis statement and research
question as your guide.
5. Create five separate sections that cover the key issues, major findings
and controversies surrounding your thesis as well as sections that provide an
evaluation and conclusion.
6. Conclude by identifying and further study what needs to be done in the
area or provide possible solutions to the issue that haven't been considered
before.
7. Revise and edit your background study.

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 MODULE WEEK NO.8
Answer the following questions in writing the background of the study.
1. What are some research results?
2. What is the research question?
3. What is the research statement?
4. How would you complete your research?
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Exercise
Apply Your Knowledge (Review/Discussion Questions)
A. Read the introduction then answer the questions that follow.

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Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative pathology
(Zhao, Tan, Lau, Au, Li and Luo, 2008; Damiano, Snyder, Strausser and William, 1999;
Kluding and McGinnis, 2006; Michell, Lewis, Foltynie, Barker, 2004; Montel, 2009)
which is characterized by rigidity, tremors and bradykinesia (Damiano et. al, 1999;
Michell et. al, 2004). PD is the 3d most common neurologic disorder among elders
(Ignatavicius and Workman, 2006). Approximately 317, 065 of the 86 million
populations of the Philippines suffer from Parkinson's Disease (U.S Census Bureau
International Database, 2004). As the elderly population grows, PD continues to be a
challenge confronting care professionals (Fisher, 1999).
Due to rise of the prevalence of PD, there had been several studies conducted
focusing on the pharmacologic, surgical and genetic interventions. Although
pharmacologic therapy is the mainstay of intervention for the condition, the value of
non-pharmacological therapies as adjunct management is accentuated to address the
associated disabling symptoms (Gage and Storey, 2004).
Recreational activities may come in the form of traditional arts. Traditional arts is
defined as "arts that have been practiced for at least three generations, including art
forms from precolonial and colonial periods, actively practiced by artists and craftsmen
in the country, and passed on to other practitioners" (Respicio 2007 cited by Loza de
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Guzman and Jose, 2008). Traditional Filipino Arts (TFA) makes use of indigenous art
materials, which according to Loza et, at. (2008), are given little attention for possible
rediscovery and utilization. Little is known about the significance of TFA as a
therapeutic recreation for elderly individuals.

In the effort of understanding the lived experience of an elderly individual with

PD, this study aims to gain insight into her experience in learning TFA. To the best of
our knowledge, this is the first study that specifically explored the therapeutic effect of
TFA in elderly individuals with PD. Furthermore, to improve health care delivery to
older adults with PD, it is important for the nurse to understand the patient's
experience of the said intervention

1. What is the problem?

2. Why it is a problem?

3. How it should be solved?

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 MODULE WEEK NO.8

4. Why it should be solved?

5. What is the purpose of the study?

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Assessment
A. Read the sample statement of the problem.

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Statement of the Problem

The main objective of this research undertaking was to conduct an assessment

on the implementation of SBM Program in Public Elementary Schools in the District of
Bacolor, Pampanga.

More specifically, the study attempted to answer the following sub-problems:

1. How do the stakeholders assess the six dimensions of School Based Management
Program by School?
1.1 School Leadership
1.2 Internal Stakeholders
1.3 External Stakeholders
1.4 School Management Process
1.5 Resource Management and
1.6 Performance Accountability

2. How do the stakeholders assess the implementation of SBM dimension by school?

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3. Are there significant relationships between and among the respondent group's
assessment on the different dimensions?

4. What are the issues and concerns on the SBM implementation?

5. What improvement plan be developed to achieve the SBM standards?

 What is the main problem?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

 What are the minor or specific problems?

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

B. Read a refereed journal/article on a topic you are interested in. Write the title of
the study.

Write the main problem and specific questions.

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C. Read the background of the study then complete the table below.

Title: School-Based Management of Selected

Public Secondary Schools in the City Division of in Cavite
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Identify the background and setting by answering all of the questions about the topic.

Questions Answers
Who
Where
When
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What
Why

Reflection
Now that you have completed your module for this week. Write a reflection about what
you have learned. Your reflections should include:
(1) your opinion about the lesson
(2) personal experience
(3) evidence to back up your thoughts and/or opinion (APA citation).
Things you can reflect on include the readings for this week, videos, and the discussions.
The purpose of this reflection is to ensure you are processing your thoughts on the course
content. This will enhance your learning and knowledge.
Resources and Additional Resources
Guidebook:
• Beuno, Cababaro et al Research Writing for Business and Hospitality Management
Students 2016
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Textbook:
• Almeida, Adelaida et al Research Fundamentals From Concept to Output 2016
Additional Resources:
 Internet sources and studies

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