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National Field Work Centre, Thondaimanaru.

Third Term Examination – March 2023

Grade 12 (2023)

09 – Biology
FWC
Marking Scheme Amendments to be included

MCQ Answers
Que. No. Ans. No. Que. No. Ans. No. Que. No. Ans. No.

1. 2 11. 4 21. 2
2. 2 12. 3 22. 3
3. 3 13. 2
r g
23. 1

.o
4. 14. 4 24. 4

n
5. 5 15. 3 25. 2

o
6. 3 16. 5 26. 3

e
7. 3 17. 4 27. 4
8 2 18.

b e 3 28. 1

.
9. 5 19. 3 29. 4

w
10. 1 20. 5 30. 1
30x1= 30 Marks

w A – Structured Essay

w
01) A i) a) What is sustainable food production?
• Production of sufficient amounts of food for the human population using
environmentally safe methods 1 Pt.
b) Which is the lowest hierarchical level of organization of living things?
• Molecule 1Pt.
ii) What is the ability is given to water due to cohesion between water molecules?
• High surface tension 1 Pt.
iii) Name the monomer of a polysaccharide, which is a component of middle lamella of plant cell
wall.
• Galacturonic acid 1 Pt.
iv) Which are the major organic substances that make the hormones in organisms?
• Lipids
• Protein 2 Pts.
v) What is the value of resolution power of a light microscope?
• 0.2 µm 1 Pt.
vi) Give one instance, that some proteins found in plasma membrane act as enzymes.
• Epithelial cell lining of microvillus (in small intestine) 1 Pt.
vii) a) What is peroxisome?
• Single membrane bounded vesicles with oxidizing enzymes 1 Pt.

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b) Indicate two functions of peroxisomes.

• Detoxification of peroxides
• Photorespiration (in plants) 2 Pts.
viii) Name the protein subunit which makes the microtubules.
• Tubulin 1 Pt.
B i) Indicate the type of cell junction that prevents leakage of extra cellular fluids and give a
location for that cell junction found in human body.
• Tight junction
• Skin epithelium 2 Pts.
ii) In which mitotic phase, each chromosome of the cell gets attached to the kinetochore
microtubules at their centromeres?
• Meta phase 1 Pt.
iii) Briefly describe how the synapsis occurs in prophase I.
• Formation of zipper like structure/ synaptonemal complex
• by specific proteins holds
• two homologous chromosomes tightly together
• give pairing and physical connection (of homologous chromosomes) 4 Pts.

g
•

r
iv) What are the global importance of photosynthesis, directly involving with the atmosphere?

o
• Provide O2 for respiration of aerobic organisms

.
• Maintain O2 and CO2 balance in the atmosphere 2 Pts.

n
v) Write with “correct” or “incorrect’’ weather each of the following statements regarding photo

o
synthesis is correct or incorrect.
a) Carotenoids do not absorb red wavelengths of the visible spectrum. (…correct …..)

e
b) Grana of bundle sheath cells consist only PS I. (…correct …..) 2 Pts.

e
vi) Indicate the exact location of each of the following enzymes.

b
a. NADP Reductase: Thylakoid membrane of chloroplast / grana 1 Pt.

.
b. PEP carboxylase: (cytosol of) Mesophyll (cell) 1 Pt.
C i) What is aerobic respiration?

w
• Synthesis of ATP
• from respiratory substrates

w
• such as glucose
• in the presence of molecular oxygen/ O2 4 Pts.

w
ii) a) Indicate two specific features of glycolysis.
• Independent of O2 / Common step to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration
• occurs in the cytosol 2 Pts.

b). Indicate the chemical substances that form from glycolysis.

• Pyruvate
• NADH
• ATP 3 Pts.

iii) Write the equation of the link reaction of aerobic respiration.

• 2 Pyruvate/𝟐𝐂𝟑 𝐇𝟒 𝐎𝟑 + 𝟐𝐂𝐨 − 𝐀 + 𝟐𝐍𝐀𝐃+ → Acetyl𝐂𝐨 − 𝐀 + 𝟐𝐂𝐎𝟐 + 𝟐𝐍𝐀𝐃𝐇1 Pt.
iv) Indicate the two common types of anaerobic respiration and give the final hydrogen acceptor of
each.
• Ethyl alcohol fermentation acetaldehyde 1+1 Pts.
• Lactic acid fermentation pyruvate 1+1 Pts.
v) Indicate the type of organisms involve with both types of anaerobic respiration you mentioned in
(iv).
• Bacteria 1 Pt.
40X2.5= 100 Marks

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02) A i) Indicate the name of the scientist, suggested that the early oceans were a solution of organic
molecules called “primitive soup” in which life arose.
• Haldane 1 Pt.
ii) Which events favoured the synthesis of organic molecules essential for the origin of life?
• Volcanic eruptions
• Lightening
• Extreme UV radiation
• Hydro thermal vents
• Alkaline vents any 3 Pts
iii) Indicate about how many years ago did the following organisms originate on earth.
a) First photosynthetic organisms ………………2.7 billion…………………
b) First eukaryotes ………………………………1.8 billion………………… 2 Pts.
iv) In which group of organisms similar to the fossils of the oldest known protists?
• Red algae 1 Pt.
v) In which of the geological eon, did the origin of earth take place?
• Hadean 1 Pt.
vi)Arrange the following taxa in increasing common characteristics in each of them.

g
…… Eukarya …… Plantae …… Gnetophyta …… Gnetum ………… 1Pt.

vii) a) Indicate one suitable Protist for the following description.

o r
.
1. Possess pellicle, eye spot and fresh water habitat: Euglena
2. Multi cellular, thallus is supported by gas filled bulb shape floats: Sargassum 2 Pts.

n
b). What is the disadvantage of artificial classification?

• evolutionary relationships are ignored

e o
B i) Briefly indicate the formation of the followings in fungi.
1 Pt.

e
a) Conidia: Produced exogenously at the tip of the
conidiospores which are specialized hyphae 2 Pts.

. b
b) Basidiospores: Produced on Basidium in asexual reproduction
as exogenous (spores) 2 Pts.
ii) a) Indicate the plant phylum, which possess both homosporous and heterosporous.

w
• Lycophyta 1 Pt.
b) Indicate a non-vascular plant phylum that has more recent evolutionary relationship with the

w
above-mentioned plant phylum in ii) a).
• Anthocerophyta 1 Pt.

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iii) Name a gymnosperm plant having flagellated sperms which resembles to the seedless vascular
plants.
• Cycas 1 Pt.
iv) Indicate the animal phylum for each of the following specific characteristics.
a) Only longitudinal muscles found in the body wall ……Nematoda…………………………
b) Ventral nerve chord, circumenteric connectives ………Annelida…………………….........
c) Possess both radial and bilateral symmetry ……………Echinodermata…… 3 Pts.
v) a) Name the common structure that the reproductive tract, excretory duct and digestive tract empty
their contents.
• Cloaca 1 Pt.
b) Indicate the class of the animals which possess the above-mentioned structure in v (a).
• Chondrichthyes 1 Pt.
vi) Indicate one animal class which has no marine species.
• Amphibia 1 Pt.

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C i)
cortex vascular cylinder

Epidermis

apical meristem

a) Identify the above structure.

• L.S / Longitudinal section of root tip 1 Pt.
b) Label the following four parts in the above diagram.
• 1 Pt. for each labelling 4 Pts.

g
(To gain marks, except apical meristem, others should be labelled in the cell

r
differentiation zone)

o
c) Which structure is form from the cells that produce outwards to the apical meristem?

.
• Root cap 1 Pt.
d) Indicate a function of the structure you mentioned above i) c).

n
• prevents damaging the root apical meristem (from friction when grows

o
through soil) 1 Pt.
ii) Indicate three functions of parenchyma cells.

e
• Perform most of the metabolic functions of the plants / synthesis of various

e
organic products
• (Some cells in root and stems contain) plastids/ leucoplast which store starch

b
• wound repair / multiply cell in tissue culture 3 Pts.

.
iii) How the vessel element differs from a tracheid?
• Have thin wall

w
• narrow and
• broad (than tracheids) 3Pts.

w
iv) What is osmosis?
• Diffusion of free water molecules

w
• across the selectively permeable membrane 2 /0 Pts.
v) Indicate an element that has atmosphere as source.
• C/ carbon / O/ oxygen any 1Pt.

40X2.5= 100 Marks.

03) A i) a) What is secondary growth in plants?
• Increase in the diameter/perimeter/circumference/girth
• due to the new cells produced by/due to the activity of lateral meristem
/vascular and cork cambium. 2 Pts.

b) Indicate the function of cork cambium.

• Produces cork cells to the exterior/ exterior and interior to the cork cambium 1Pt.

ii) Indicate a component which is not found in the soft wood.

• Vessel element 1Pt.

iii) a) When a flaccid cell placed into pure water, what is the maximum value of P gets equal to
which of the value of that cell?
• S / solute potential 1Pt.

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b). What is the value of water potential of the above-mentioned cell in (iii) a). getting its
equilibrium, after placed in pure water?

• 0 MPa / atm / kPa 1Pt. (No marks given without unit)

iv) Which structures are found in Nephrolepis to propagate new plants by asexual reproduction?
• Rhizome
• Stolen 2 Pts.
v) Fill the blank with a suitable word in the following.
“The remaining mega sporangial tissues of Cycas, except functional megaspore functions as
…nucellus…….”. 1 Pt.
vi) Indicate the plant growth regulators which increase leaf senescence.
• Ethylene
• Abscisic acid 2 Pts.
vii) What is meant by statoliths of vascular plants?
• Specialized plastids containing dense starch grains 1 Pt.
B i) Name the abundant tissue type of the human body.
• Connective tissue 1 Pt.

g
ii) a) Name the component that makes the matrix of cartilage.

r
• Chondroitin sulphate 1 Pt.

. o
b) Name the repeating units of mammalian hard bone.

• Harversian system / osteon

n
1 Pt.
iii) What is the difference between osteoblasts and osteocytes?

o
osteoblasts osteocytes
• bone forming cells maintain bone tissue 1 Pt. (both)

e
iv) What is a nerve?

e
• Axons are bundled together (into nerves) 1 Pt.
v) Name the type of cell that acts as insulators to neurons.

b
• Neuroglia / Glial cells

.
1 Pt.
vi) Which striated muscle tissue helps in the involuntary contractions of human body?
• Cardiac muscle 1 Pt.

w
vii) a) Which are the consecutive two steps involved in holozoic nutrition after digestion?
• Absorption and assimilation 2 Pts.

w
b) What are substrate feeders?
• Animals live inside their food source / on the food source

w
• eating its way through the food 2 Pts.
c) Name a part found in invertebrate bulk feeders, to capture the food.
• Tentacles 1 Pt.
C i) a) Name a glycoprotein found in the saliva.
• Mucin 1 Pt.
b) What is the function of buffer present in saliva?
• Prevent tooth decay (by neutralizing acids) 1 pt.
ii) a) What is sphincters in the alimentary canal?
• Circular smooth muscles
• are found at the junctions between esophagus and stomach and
stomach and the small intestine. 1Pt.
b) Name two hormones that are secreted by the digestive tract of human and have functions
antagonistic to each other.
• secretin / cholecystokinin (Do not accept abbreviation - CCK)
• gastrin 2 Pts.
iii) Indicate three materials that could be absorbed in the stomach.
• Water
• Alcohol
• Some drugs 3 Pts.

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iv)
r
s

v q

The above diagram shows the portion of the functional unit of the human liver.
a) Name the parts which are denoted by alphabets.
p - Hepatocytes q -inter lobular bile duct

g
r - Central vein s -Kupffer’s cell/hepatic macrophage 4 Pts.

r
b) Human liver has double blood entry. Which blood vessels transport blood into the liver?
• Hepatic artery / V

o
• Hepatic portal vein / U

.
2 Pts.
40X2.5= 100 Marks

n
04) A i) Indicate one common feature of arteries, veins and blood capillaries in a closed circulatory system

o
of vertebrates.

e
• Blood flows only in one direction 1 Pt.
ii) In which of the tissue layer of human heart, network of conducting fibers can be found?

e
• Myocardium 1 Pt.
iii) a) What is respiratory pigment?

. b
• Organic compounds
• which can combine with oxygen where the partial pressure of oxygen is high

w
• and release oxygen where the partial pressure of oxygen is low. 3 Pts.

b) What is the reason for the evolving of respiratory pigments in complex animals?

w
Since oxygen is less soluble in watery medium / blood

w
• transport oxygen from the respiratory surface to the tissues/organs 2 Pts.

iv) a) Which respiratory pigment does not transport oxygen from the respiratory surfaces to the
tissues?

• Myoglobin 1 Pt

b) What is the location of the above-mentioned respiratory pigment in iv a)?

• Muscle tissue 1 Pt.

v) What is the function of activated thrombin in blood clotting other than the conversion of
fibrinogen into fibrin?

• formation of more thrombin 1 Pt.

vi) What are the reasons, for blood clotting does not take place in undamaged blood vessels?

• lining of the vessels is very smooth

• does not promote platelet aggregation / platelets does not release
clotting factors 2 Pts.

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B i) a) Name a coelomic animal that possess body surface as respiratory structure.

• Earth worm 1Pt.

b) Indicate what happens to the inspiratory air in the nasal cavity.

• air is filtered (by hair)

• warmed
• humidified 3 Pts.

ii) What are the specific characteristics found in the lungs to prevent collapsing of alveoli during
exhalation?

• Alveoli coated with a surfactant

• Functional residual capacity 2 Pts.

iii) If a person has been feeling chest tightness and breathing difficulty during exercise, what would
be the disorder experienced?

g
•

r
Asthma 1 Pt.

o
iv) Indicate three common characteristics of innate immunity.

.
• lacks specific responses / protective mechanisms functions the same way regardless

n
of the type of the invader
•

o
provide immediate but general protection
• found in both invertebrates and vertebrates 3 Pts.

e
v) a) Name one tissue and one organ, where natural killer cells can be found in human body.

e
Tissue: …………………………………Blood………………………………………..

b
.
Organ: …………………………………Spleen………………………………………. 2Pts.

w
b) Indicate two cells that can be destroyed by natural killer cells.

w
• (some) cancerous cells
• virus – infected body cells 2 Pts.

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C i) Indicate what is an antigen and give the molecules which are made up of.

• Substance that has the ability to stimulate an immune response through T and B
lymphocytes. 1 Pt.
• proteins and
• polysaccharides 2 Pts.

ii) Indicate two substances involved in the artificially acquired passive immunity.

• Antibodies/ mono clonal antibodies/ human immunoglobulins

• Anti venin 2 Pts.

iii) What are allergens?

• Antigens that induce hypertensive reactions/ allergies in some persons 1Pt.

iv) Which cells can be produced for the stimulation of most allergens?

• Plasma cells 1 Pt.

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v) Which is the major nitrogenous waste of an adult amphibian?

• Urea 1 Pt.

vi) a) What is glomerulus?

• ball of capillaries which surrounded by Bowman’s capsule. 1 Pt.

b) What is the modification found in the glomerulus for increasing the pressure?

• The efferent arteriole has a smaller diameter than the afferent arteriole 1 Pt.

vi) Indicate two nitrogenous wastes that can be secreted in to the filtrate of human nephron.

• NH3
• Creatinine 2 Pts.

vii) Indicate two causes for the formation of kidney stones.

g
• Dehydration due to not drinking sufficient amount of fluids

r
• Alkaline nature of urine
•

o
Infections that can alter pH of urine

.
• Metabolic conditions
• Family history any 2 Pts.

o n 40X2.5=100 Marks.

e
B. Essay

e
5. a.
1) In angiosperms (phloem tissue consists of)

. b
2) sieve tube elements
3) companion cells

w
4) parenchyma cells
5) and fibers.
6) sieve tube element has cytoplasm as a thin peripheral layer.

w
7) and lack nucleus, ribosomes, distinct vacuole and cytoskeletal elements (any 3)
8) Chains of sieve tube elements

w
9) are aligned to form sieve tube.
10) The end between sieve tube elements
11) contain porous plate
12) called sieve plate.
13) Companion cells are non-conducting cells.
14) They found alongside in each sieve tube element
15) and connects with sieve tube element by numerous plasmodesmata
16) some are companion cells / transfer cells (help in phloem loading and in other organs unloading).
Parenchyma cell

prominent nucleus sieve tube element

companion cell

dense cytoplasm
sieve plate

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b.
17) Sugar is loaded into sieve tube/sieve tube element (via the companion cells/ transfer cells from
mesophyll cells of source)
18) actively/using ATP/using metabolic energy
19) against concentration gradient.
20) (In some plants) From companion cells/ transfer cells, sugar diffuses/ enters into sieve tubes
21) via plasmodesmata/ symplastic path way.
22) (This increases the solute concentration and) reduces water potential of the sieve tubes
23) resulting in entering of water into the sieve tubes
24) by osmosis
25) from adjacent xylem vessels.
26) This generates/builds up positive pressure in sieve tubes/increases pressure in sieve tubes.
27) which forces the sap flow (transported) along the sieve tubes
28) to the area of low-pressure potential.
29) At the sink unloading takes place
30) where sucrose is removed from sieve tubes/sugar molecules diffuse from phloem (into sink)
31) increasing the water potential in the sieve tubes.

g
32) Therefore, water moves from sieve tubes to adjacent xylem vessels by osmosis

r
33) resulting in a decrease in pressure in sieve tubes
34) establishing a pressure potential gradient from source to sink.

o
35) (This mechanism is explained by) pressure flow hypothesis.

n . 35 X 4 = 140
Diagram 10

o
Total 150 Marks
Fully labeled diagram (5-6 labelling) 10 Marks

e
Partially labeled diagram (1-4 labelling) 05 Marks
Unlabeled diagram No Marks

e
6. a. Basic plan of human circulatory system

b
1) Human heart consists of four chambers; they are two ventricles and two atria.

.
2) There is a dual circuit which operates simultaneously.
3) Each circuit consists of major arteries, arteries, arterioles,

w
4) capillary beds, venules and veins / major veins.
5) Right ventricle pumps the oxygen poor blood into the lungs

w
6) via pulmonary arteries.
7) Gaseous exchange / O2 CO2 diffusion takes place in the capillary beds of the lungs.

w
8) The oxygen rich blood from the lungs is transported into the left atrium
9) via two pairs of pulmonary veins.
10) During atrial contraction this oxygen rich blood is pumped to the left ventricle.
11) During left ventricular contraction this oxygen rich blood is pumped into the aorta and conveys
throughout the body.
12) First the aorta branches into coronary arteries
13) which supplies blood into the heart muscles.
14) Then the aorta branches and leading to capillary beds in the
15) head, arms, abdominal organs and legs.
16) The blood capillaries rejoin to form venules
17) which direct oxygen poor blood into the veins.
18) Oxygen poor blood from trunk and hind limbs into the inferior vena cava and
19) Oxygen poor blood from trunk, head, neck and fore limbs drains into superior vena cava.
20) Both inferior and superior vena cava drain blood into the right atrium.

Basic plan of human lymphatic system

21) It is closely connected with the blood circulatory system both structurally and functionally.
22) It consists of lymph vessels, lymph nodes, lymphoid tissues and lymph organs (any 3).
23) Lymph vessels tiny and larger vessels.
24) It returns lost fluid and proteins back to blood.

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25) Lymph vessels contain valves to prevent back flow of lymph.

26) The lymph is drained in to veins at the base of the neck via two ducts.
27) The (rhythmic) contraction of lymph vessels and skeletal muscles help to move the lymph.

Capillaries to head and fore limb

Superior vena cava

Aorta
(left) Pulmonary vein

Pulmonary artery

r g
o
Inferior vena cava Capillaries to abdominal organs

.
and hind limb

b.

o n
e
28) Increased blood osmotic pressure stimulates sensors in the hypothalamus to stimulate anterior
pituitary

e
29) Hypothalamus generate thirst to drink water. (If not happen)

b
30) Increased secretion of ADH

.
31) leads to increase the reabsorption of water in distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.
32) Blood osmotic pressure returns to normal.

w
33) When blood pressure / blood volume drops, rennin is secreted by the kidneys
34) which converts angiotensinogen (released from liver) into angiotensin I

w
35) AEC/ Angiotensin converting enzyme converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II.
36) Angiotensin II stimulate the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone
37) which involves in the reabsorption of more Na + and water

w
38) to increase the blood pressure to normal.
39) angiotensin II also increases the blood pressure by constricts arterioles.
Any 36 X 4 = 144
Diagram - any 6 X 1= 06
Total-150 Marks

7 a. Golgi apparatus
1) Stacks of flattened sacs/ cisternae
2) found in the cytosol of
3) eukaryotic cells
4) Inner surface – cis face and
5) outer surface – trans face can be identified
6) Cis face is located near to ER
7) to receive vesicles from ER
8) Trans face give rise to secretory vesicles which is budded off and travel other side.
9) Golgi apparatus is abundant in secretory cells.

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Functions
10) Collecting, (modifying), packaging and distribution of materials/ proteins and membrane lipids
11) Manufacturing cellulose and non cellulose cell wall components such as pectin
12) Produce lysosomes

r g
b. Protein digestion

. o
n
1) Protein digestion starts at stomach.
2) Breakdown of proteins into small poly peptides

o
3) by the catalytic action of activated pepsin

e
4) Pancreatic enzymes such as Trypsin and
5) chymotrypsin

e
6) catalyze the conversion of small poly peptides into smaller poly peptides.
7) Pancreatic carboxy peptidase

. b
8) catalyze smaller poly peptides into small peptides and amino acids.
9) (Intestinal) enzymes such as Carboxy peptidase
10) Dipeptidase and

w
11) Amino peptidase
12) catalyze the conversion of small peptides into amino acids.

w
w
c. Adaptive immune responses
1) The ability of the body to defend itself against invading foreign agents/ pathogens
2) through specific defense responses
3) mediated by diverse T and B lymphocytes.
Adaptive immunity shows the following characteristics
4) Adaptive immunity must first recognize that a foreign antigen present and destroy them /
specificity for particular foreign molecule
5) Immunological memory destroys
6) the invaded antigen previously encountered, stronger and rapid response.
Two types of adaptive immunity
7) Cell mediated immune response and
8) humoral immune response mediated by
9) T and B lymphocytes respectively
10) Both immune responses are triggered by (same) antigen
11) A given Pathogens may provoke both of immune responses.
12) (In animal Kingdom) adaptive immunity is found only in the vertebrates.
12+12+12= 36
36x4 = 144
Diagram +6
Total 150 Marks.

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Marks Allocation:

Part I 30 X 01= 30 Marks

Part II A Structured Essay 4 X 100= 400

B Essay 2 X 150= 300

700/10 =70 Marks

Total 100 Marks

r g
. o
o n
e e
.b
w
w
w

FWC Grade12 (2023) 3rd Term - March 2023 12 Biology - II

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