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Subnet 1

Subnet masking is a networking technique that separates an IP address into network and host portions, facilitating the identification of network membership and optimizing IP address usage. A subnet mask is a 32-bit number that uses 1s for the network part and 0s for the host part, allowing devices within the same subnet to communicate without a router. The document also provides examples of subnetting, including common subnet masks and a breakdown of dividing a /24 network into smaller /26 subnets.

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7 views3 pages

Subnet 1

Subnet masking is a networking technique that separates an IP address into network and host portions, facilitating the identification of network membership and optimizing IP address usage. A subnet mask is a 32-bit number that uses 1s for the network part and 0s for the host part, allowing devices within the same subnet to communicate without a router. The document also provides examples of subnetting, including common subnet masks and a breakdown of dividing a /24 network into smaller /26 subnets.

Uploaded by

harsineku.22aim
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Basic Idea of Subnet Masking

 Subnet masking is a method used in networking to divide an IP address into network and host portions.
 It helps in identifying the network to which an IP address belongs and how many devices (hosts) can
be in that network.
 Masking divides a large network into smaller subnetworks (subnets).
 Helps in IP address optimization, reducing waste in large networks.

1. What is a Subnet Mask?


A subnet mask is a 32-bit number that separates the network part and the host part of an IP address. It
consists of:

 1s in the network portion


 0s in the host portion

Example:
IP Address: 192.168.1.10
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

In binary representation, the subnet mask looks like:

11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

 The first 24 bits (1s) represent the network.


 The last 8 bits (0s) represent the host.

This means all devices in the 192.168.1.x network can communicate with each other without a router.

2. How Does a Subnet Mask Work?


The subnet mask is used with the AND operation to determine the network address of a given IP address.

Example Calculation:

Given:

 IP Address = 192.168.1.10
 Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0

Binary Representation:

Type 1st Octet 2nd Octet 3rd Octet 4th Octet


IP Address 11000000 10101000 00000001 00001010
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
Network Address 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000000

Resulting Network Address: 192.168.1.0


 This means any device with an IP in the range 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.255 belongs to the same
subnet.

3. Common Subnet Masks and Their Ranges


CIDR Notation Subnet Mask Number of IPs Usable Hosts
/8 255.0.0.0 16,777,216 16,777,214
/16 255.255.0.0 65,536 65,534
/24 255.255.255.0 256 254
/30 255.255.255.252 4 2

4. Subnetting Example
Given Network Information

 Network Address: 192.168.1.0/24


 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
 Goal: Divide this /24 network into smaller subnets of /26.

1️ Understanding the Original /24 Network


What does /24 mean?

 /24 means 24 bits are used for the network portion.


 The remaining 8 bits are used for the host portion.
 Subnet mask in binary:

11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 (255.255.255.0)

 Total IP addresses:
2⁸ = 256 (from 192.168.1.0 to 192.168.1.255)
 Usable Hosts:
256 - 2 = 254 (since the first address is for the network, and the last address is for broadcast).

2️ Breaking into /26 Subnets


What does /26 mean?

 /26 means 26 bits are used for the network portion.


 The remaining 6 bits are used for the host portion.
 Subnet mask in binary:

11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000 (255.255.255.192)
 Number of IPs per subnet:
2⁶ = 64 (since 6 bits are left for hosts).
 Usable Hosts per subnet:
64 - 2 = 62 (excluding network & broadcast).

3️ Subnet Breakdown

Now, we divide 192.168.1.0/24 into four /26 subnets.

Subnet Number Subnet Address (Network ID) First Usable IP Last Usable IP Broadcast Address

Subnet 1 192.168.1.0/26 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.62 192.168.1.63

Subnet 2 192.168.1.64/26 192.168.1.65 192.168.1.126 192.168.1.127

Subnet 3 192.168.1.128/26 192.168.1.129 192.168.1.190 192.168.1.191

Subnet 4 192.168.1.192/26 192.168.1.193 192.168.1.254 192.168.1.255

Explanation

1. The first subnet starts at 192.168.1.0 and has 64 IPs.


2. The second subnet starts at 192.168.1.64 and has 64 IPs.
3. The third subnet starts at 192.168.1.128 and has 64 IPs.
4. The fourth subnet starts at 192.168.1.192 and has 64 IPs.

Each subnet contains:

 1 Network address
 1 Broadcast address
 62 Usable host IPs

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