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SQL Basics

This document provides an overview of basic SQL commands including creating databases and tables, inserting, querying, updating, and deleting records, as well as joining tables and aggregating data. Each command is accompanied by a description and example for clarity. For advanced topics, readers are encouraged to consult official SQL documentation.

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3 views3 pages

SQL Basics

This document provides an overview of basic SQL commands including creating databases and tables, inserting, querying, updating, and deleting records, as well as joining tables and aggregating data. Each command is accompanied by a description and example for clarity. For advanced topics, readers are encouraged to consult official SQL documentation.

Uploaded by

ritaberrada06
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL Basics

GHOUSSEIN Edouardo
October 23, 2024

1 Introduction
SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standardized language for managing and
manipulating databases. This document provides a comprehensive overview of
basic SQL commands with examples.

2 Basic SQL Commands


2.1 1. Creating a Database
Command: CREATE DATABASE
Description: Creates a new database.
1 CREATE DATABASE mydatabase ;

Listing 1: Create Database Example

2.2 2. Creating a Table


Command: CREATE TABLE
Description: Creates a new table in the database.
1 CREATE TABLE employees (
2 id INT PRIMARY KEY ,
3 name VARCHAR (100) ,
4 position VARCHAR (50) ,
5 salary DECIMAL (10 , 2)
6 );

Listing 2: Create Table Example

2.3 3. Inserting Data


Command: INSERT INTO
Description: Inserts new records into a table.

1
1 INSERT INTO employees ( id , name , position , salary ) VALUES
2 (1 , ’ Alice ’ , ’ Manager ’ , 60000.00) ,
3 (2 , ’ Bob ’ , ’ Developer ’ , 50000.00) ;

Listing 3: Insert Data Example

2.4 4. Querying Data


Command: SELECT
Description: Retrieves data from a table.
1 SELECT * FROM employees ;

Listing 4: Select Data Example

2.5 5. Filtering Results


Command: WHERE
Description: Filters records based on specified conditions.
1 SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary > 55000;

Listing 5: Where Clause Example

2.6 6. Updating Records


Command: UPDATE
Description: Modifies existing records in a table.
1 UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE position = ’
Developer ’;

Listing 6: Update Data Example

2.7 7. Deleting Records


Command: DELETE
Description: Removes records from a table.
1 DELETE FROM employees WHERE id = 1;

Listing 7: Delete Data Example

2
2.8 8. Joining Tables
Command: JOIN
Description: Combines rows from two or more tables based on a related
column.
1 SELECT employees . name , departments . name
2 FROM employees
3 JOIN departments ON employees . department_id = departments . id ;

Listing 8: Join Tables Example

2.9 9. Grouping Results


Command: GROUP BY
Description: Groups rows that have the same values in specified columns.
1 SELECT position , COUNT (*) AS count
2 FROM employees
3 GROUP BY position ;

Listing 9: Group By Example

2.10 10. Ordering Results


Command: ORDER BY
Description: Sorts the result set in ascending or descending order.
1 SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY salary DESC ;

Listing 10: Order By Example

2.11 11. Aggregating Data


Command: COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX
Description: Performs calculations on a set of values.
1 SELECT AVG ( salary ) AS averag e_salary FROM employees ;

Listing 11: Aggregate Functions Example

3 Conclusion
This document covers the basic SQL commands and their usage. For more
advanced topics, refer to the official SQL documentation or additional resources.

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