LyX - Use & Tricks

A-Imam Al-Sammak
October 7, 2024

Contents
1 Introduction 4

2 Installation 4

3 Useful documentations 4

4 Navigating document 4
4.1 Navigate menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.2 View Outline Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

5 Viewing the output 5

6 Math 5
6.1 LyX native math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6.1.1 Inserting Inline Equation (Formula) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6.1.2 Inserting Display Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6.1.3 Equation array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6.1.4 Numbering equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.1.5 Inserting matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.1.6 Inserting “case” environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.1.7 Inserting plain
P text in an equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.1.8 Inserting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.1.9 Inserting integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.1.10 Inserting ∞ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.2 Importing equations: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.2.1 Importing equations MSWord equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.2.2 Importing equations from MathType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.3 Inserting plain Latex equations: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

7 Images 8
7.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7.2 EMF Drawing in LyX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7.3 Comments about figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7.3.1 Importing pdf figures from Visio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7.3.2 Centering an image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7.3.3 Image quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1
 7.3.4 Comments about using Visio for my Electronic Circuits book . . . . . . . . . 12
7.3.5 General comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
7.4 Referencing figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
7.5 Sub-figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
7.5.1 Without cross referencing to sub-figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
7.5.2 With cross referencing to sub-figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
7.5.3 Using tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
7.5.4 Sub-figures over multiple pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
7.5.5 Using TexStudio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7.6 Formatting figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7.7 Center pictures or tables inside floats globally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7.8 Fixing Image position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
7.9 Figures in different directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
7.10 Putting table inside figure floats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

8 Boxes 18

9 Tables 18
9.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
9.2 How to split the top left cell of a table in 2 diagonally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
9.3 Notes about tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
9.4 Fixing position of table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
9.5 Long tables in Landscape view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
9.6 Fitting long table within text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

10 Cross referencing and Labels 23

11 Hyperlinks 23
11.1 Inserting Hyperlinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
11.2 Accessing hyperlink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
11.3 Underlining Hyperlink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

12 Inserting Latex code 24

13 Inserting footnotes 24

14 Preamble uses 24

15 Lists 25
15.1 Lists numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
15.2 Lists spacing between items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

16 Importing from different programs 26

17 Copying from other programs 26

18 Paragraph spacing 26

2
19 Fonts 27
19.1 Font families: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
19.2 Font shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
19.3 Font series: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

20 LyX color change 27

20.1 From wiki.LyX.org . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
20.2 Special Note on Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

21 Master-child documents 28

22 Quotes 29

23 Book Document class 29

24 Indexing 30

25 Pagination 30
25.1 Blank pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
25.2 Pages with NO number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
25.3 Using roman numbering (i, ii, iii, iv, ..) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
25.4 Blank Page vs Page Break . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

26 Colored shaded boxes (from my book examples) 31

27 My book color scheme 34

28 LyX 2.4 black theme issue 35

29 Contents page 35

30 How to edit book with co-authors 35

31 Special symbols and characters 35

32 Finishing touches 35

33 Need more help 36

34 TexLive update 36

35 My issues with LyX 37

3
1 Introduction
• Latex is very powerful tool that produces beautiful documents.
• LyX is a very useful tool, menu driven almost like using MS Word and MathType.
• It is a joy to use as it uses menu driven graphical interface.
• It producing stunning output as it is an editor for Latex

2 Installation
To install LyX we need to install a “Latex Distribution - the best one available is "Tex live". There
was also another distribution "MikTex". MikTex is small and contains everything needed to run
Latex but unfortunately it stopped working lately and could not download it. MikTex is one man
show while Tex Live is group run.
Tex Live must be installed first and LyX will simply pick it up as the Latex distribution. Tex
Live is very large (about 8 GB) and takes a long time to download and install (many hours and
possibly days if internet is slow), so you have to be patient.

3 Useful documentations
• A good start with excellent overview and tutorial is found https://www.baeldung.com/cs/lyx-
tutorial
• LyX comes with many useful manuals, you simply click ’Help’ option on top and will give you
a wide range of manuals. One good start is “tutorial manual”.
• A good,relatively short video, is Introduction to LyX

4 Navigating document
4.1 Navigate menu
A special "Navigate" button is given on top line, where we can access any part of our document.
It also gives other navigation options: "figures", "tables" and "other lists". "other lists" navigates
"equations", "footnote", "graphics" and "labels and references".
You can display the table of contents in a separate window (on the left) by clicking on the toolbar
button , or by using View ▷ Outline Pane .

4.2 View Outline Pane

• The and buttons move sections up and down in the document
• "Filter" field at the top is used to search for a specific item
• “Keep” button makes the branches only open/close by clicking on the arrows to the left of the
corresponding entry.
• The buttons and you can change the level of sections

4
 • “The slide bar” at the bottom can be used to globally select up to which level the tree view
remains “open.” It has three options (indicated by three dashes) : Main heading, Sub-heading,
Sub-Sub-heading.

5 Viewing the output

To see the output just click on the he toolbar button on the second line. It will automatically
open your default pdf viewer.

6 Math
6.1 LyX native math
It has a built in symbols and other operations (using toolbar button ). The second is used
P
to toggle the two math bars at the bottom (which shows available math symbols and operations).
Alternatively, you can insert equations using the Insert ▷ Math menu where you can select any type
of equation, e.g. display, inline, numbered formula, array environment, etc ..

6.1.1 Inserting Inline Equation (Formula)

This can be achieved either using , or using “Insert button” > “Math” > select "Inline Formula",
the first one is easier and quicker.
is used to insert "Inline Formula" . A purple box appears, in which you can type your equation.
Symbols and math structures are picked up from the two menu bars below. α = β + γ

6.1.2 Inserting Display Formula

This is done through "Insert" > "Math" > "Display Formula". The resulting equation is centered
and NOT numbered.
a=b+c

6.1.3 Equation array

This can be done through "Insert" > "Math" option. There are many "align formulas, such as:
Eqnarray, AMS align environment, .... We will use AMS align environment (as it turned out to
be more flexible and gives all possible options). Select "Insert" button" > "Math" > "AMS align
environment". It gives us one line with two purple boxes, the first is for the variable on the left, the
second is reserved for the (=) , we typed the simple equation:

α=θ+a

To add more lines, it is easier to just hover over the line formula

α=θ+a
σ =Ω+π

5
 More operations can be carried out on equation array such as and select any of the available
options such as: add new line, number equations, equation label, ... many more. Another way is to
press "Ctrl+Return" at the end of the formula. The first method is easier to remember than using
"Ctrl+Return".

6.1.4 Numbering equations

To number a formula, set the cursor in the formula > right click on formula > (number whole
formula)

α=θ+a (1)
σ =Ω+π (2)

The placement and format of the formula number in the output depends on the document class.
To number just one equation, set the cursor in the formula > select the line of formula > right
click on formula > (number this line) .

α=θ+a
σ =Ω+π (3)

6.1.5 Inserting matrices

Click on the matrix button in the Math toolbar. A pop-up dialog allows you to choose how many
rows and columns you want in your matrix.
This can also be done by: Insert > Math > Matrix. Adialog appears where we can select number
of rows and columns, e.g. 2.x2 shown below
a b
c d
If you need to change the number of rows and columns, use the menu Edit ▷ Rows & Columns or
the math toolbar buttons , , , .

6.1.6 Inserting “case” environment

This can be done using math toolbar buttons which will open { . To add rows (say 2), we simply
use normal way of adding rows , i.e. Right click > rows and columns > add row, e.g.

−1 x < 0

f (x) = 0 x=0

1 x>0


6.1.7 Inserting plain text in an equation

This is suggested by “Richard Kimberly Heck” from LyX user group.
• Type your equation, e.g.
H(Y /X) = log2 (2) = 1 bits/symbol

6
 • Select the part you want to be plain text
• Go to Edit > Math > Text Properties > Text Normal Font. The resulting equation is:

H(Y /X) = log2 (2) = 1 bits/symbol

P
6.1.8 Inserting
This done by:
• Select math mode

• In the math options tool bar (second line at the bottom) select the button .
P

• you can add upper and lower limits as usual (i.e. using uppercase and lowercase)

6.1.9 Inserting integration

This done by:

• Select math mode

• In the math tool bar button select .
R

6.1.10 Inserting ∞
Many of the symbols listed in this section can also be inserted via the toolbar buttons and . ∞ is
selected from the toolbar button .

6.2 Importing equations:

Although native LyX equation editor which make typing equations from scratch easier than import-
ing them from other applications (specially MS Word), we include the following for people who are
really very keen on importing equations although we don NOT recommend it.

6.2.1 Importing equations MSWord equation

For equations written in MSWord using MS equation (native to MS Word).
• Copy the equation form MSWord file and copy it to LyX.
• Select the required equation and click . Equation will automatically convert to LyX.

Note that some of more involved equations may not be completely translated and we may need to
adjust. Some of the symbols may not be readable.

7
6.2.2 Importing equations from MathType
This is really NOT worth it as we can use LyX native math , but it is given here just in case someone
decide to utilize it!!
• Open MathType equation you need to convert
• In MathType pane, click on Preferences > Cut and Copy Preferences > Click “MathML or
Tex > Select the option “Latex 2.09 or higher”

• Copy equation from within MathType

• Paste to LyX.
• Click on which will convert the equation into LyX format.
• Note: some equations may not be convertible or will be converted but need lots of work which
makes it easier just to type the equation using LyX native math.
The following is not working anymore, but I am keeping it for future reference just in case it works
for MathType version higher than 6.9
In MathType pane, use “toggle tex” button which will convert the equation into Latex format,
e.g:

RX = R1 ||R2 ||rπ
Trying $ instead of "\[" and "\]"
RX = R1 ||R2 ||rπ

6.3 Inserting plain Latex equations:

Latex code can be inserted using "TEX" button. This is really NOT worth it as we can use LyX
native math!

y1 = x2 + 1

7 Images
7.1 General
To insert an image in your document,
• Place the cursor at the text position you want.

• Click (toolbar button ) or the menu Insert ▷ Float ▷ Figure. This insert a rectangular box with
a place holder.
• Type figure title in the place holder.
• Click on the toolbar icon or select Insert ▷ Graphics from the menu. Then a dialog will appear
which allows you to browse and choose the file to load. Browse for needed file.

8
 15V 15V F0 F0
100
140
62 3D
F0 F0 2
3k
62 3D
1
5k
R1 R 62k
33k C1 RC 2
R3 vo
vi 1 uF 1 uF
.5 uF
R2 6.2k
50 uF 1.2 k 50 uF
5.6k 1.5 k R4

Figure 1: Inserting images from Visio 2021 - SVG

Figure 2: Inserting images from Visio 2021 - PDF

Figure 3: Figure copied from Visio 2021 and pasted in LyX (as emf)

Figure 4: Inserting images from JPEG 2021

VCC
RC RC
vo1 vo2

F0
F0 2B
2B

vi1 vi2
F0 I REE F0
2D
2D

VEE
F0
2D

Figure 5: Inserting images by browsing files - SVG

9
Figure 6: Inserting images by browsing files - JPEG

Figure 7: Inserting images by browsing files - BitMap

Figure 8: Inserting images by browsing files - GIF

Figure 9: Inserting images by browsing files - PNG

Figure 10: Inserting images by browsing files - TIF

10
7.2 EMF Drawing in LyX
We found that the quality of emf is equal to pdf format, but requires one step less than that for pdf.
The steps taken is as follows:
• Copy figure from Visio.
• Paste it to LyX. It will give it a name "pastedXX" where XX is a counter that is updated
every time we paste a new figure.

• Modify file name to any name, e.g. DM-1, and save it in any directory you like, e.g. "..\EMF".
Notes:
• We could paste image directly into LyX as "pastedXX" which is quicker, but unfortunately,
later on it will be confusing as it has no name!

• We can do the above for the complete chapter and save it in the required directory, and later
insert figures in the usual LyX way!
• Nevertheless, the pdf format is more widely used, so we will stick to it.

Figure 11: Visio copyied to LyX in EMF format

7.3 Comments about figures

7.3.1 Importing pdf figures from Visio
• Open figure file from Visio.

• Go to the "Design" button and select "size" - otherwise the figure will be shown as a small
part of a whole page which leaves a lot of space around figure!
• Select "fit to drawing"
• In Visio go to: File > export > Create XPS/PDF document > select "pdf" > options >
uncheck (document structure tags for accessibility) > ok > publish. The last option produce
a figure without border box. If unchecked then the the figure will have a box surrounding it.
• Save resulting file into the required directory
• Insert figure into LyX file using the method given above.

7.3.2 Centering an image

The images are normally left aligned. To have image centered, use paragraph setting: place cursor
to the right of image > right click > paragraph setting > Center.

11
7.3.3 Image quality
• Best quality is PDF format, specially the one generated by Visio 2021 (or later versions).
• EMF is of equal quality to pdf.
• SVG format gives crispier image, but distorts some of the math and changes math fonts
slightly!!
• XPS, MetaFile File formats are rejected by LyX.

7.3.4 Comments about using Visio for my Electronic Circuits book

• Best line sizes for Visio drawing are: 1 point for active elements and sources etc, 0.5 Point for
all remaining lines

7.3.5 General comments

• You can control the size of the figure picture on the screen and in the output by clicking on
the figure and select the size you want. You have many choices (Scale graphics, Set height,
Set length).
• These figures can be kept in the same directory you are working in, but if you have a large
number of figures then it isem in a separate sub-directory!
• Although EMF format and pdf are of equal quality, we will use pdf as it is more widely used.

7.4 Referencing figures

• Click at the end of the title line, and select Insert ▷ Label or the toolbar button . A dialog asks
you for a label name, as a common practice in Latex and to distinguish figures from other
labeled items such as tables, it is to start the label with "fig.". When you click on OK, the
label name will be placed in a box next to the title.
• Select the toolbar button or Insert ▷ Cross Reference. A list of labels is presented, select the one
you want!, e.g. Fig. 11. Note that “Fig.” is NOT part of the label but it is inserted by us!
You can type “Figure” instead of “Fig.” if you prefer.

7.5 Sub-figures
7.5.1 Without cross referencing to sub-figures
This can be done by inserting image floats into existing image floats. Note that only the main
caption of the float is added to the List of Figures. Figure 12 is an example of a figure float with
two images set side by side. You can also set the images on top of each other by pressing “Enter” at
the end of the first sub-image.
Figures can be put next to each other in figure as shown below. Note that:
• We can place figures horizontally and vertically. To place sub-figure vertically, we press "re-
turn" to start on a new line.
• There is NO numbering for sub-figures, if we need to, then we place them inside the figures
themselves before importing to to LyX. This problem is solved in 7.5.2

12
 vo
GM vi Ro = K ro1

Figure 12: Without cross referencing to sub-figures

7.5.2 With cross referencing to sub-figures

We can insert sub-figures and cross reference them as well, see video Images in LyX (Note that you
can go to the hyperlink from pdf output, not from LyX code!). In cross referencing sub-figure, we
can use Fig. x.xxa or Fig. x.xx(a). First used by Boylestad, second used by Neamnen and Sedra,
so I think I will go with x.xx(a) as it looks neater! So far I don’t know how to modify Lyx to give
x.xx(a) in stead of X.XXa!!
The better approach I found, was to use sub-figures (especially when you want to refer to sub-
figures as 1a or 1b. From the LaTeX FAQ:
1. Insert→Float→Figure
2. Again, Insert→Float→Figure (this inserts a "subfigure float" into the float)
3. Put the cursor right next to the subfloat
4. Insert→Formatting→Horizontal Space→Horizontal Fill or Ctrl- -> right-click on space ->
select "Horizontal Fill" (to insert a stretchable horizontal space)
5. Insert→Float→Figure (this inserts another "subfigure float")
6. In each subfloat:add the graphics and edit the caption
7. To insert a vertical space, Insert→Formatting→Vertical Space→DefSkip.
Notes:
Using “Horizontal Fill” keeps the figures apart, which maybe

1 1 1
00
00 11 11

01

01

10 10

11

11 11 10

(a) AA (b) BB

Figure 13: Testing sub-figures

13
 As you can see, we can in this case reference sub-figures individually as shown in Fig. 13a and
Fig. 13b.

7.5.3 Using tables

You can add sub-figures using tables as follows:
• Insert figure float

• Insert Box > Frameless > Table (regular one on first line).
• Insert figure (regular one on first line)
An example is given in Fig. 14 which has three figures with spacing between them. Note that:

• The figures are on the same line, which I could achieve only with using figure option (Scale
graphics), this time to 60% of the original size.
• This method uses an extra command which is "Box(minipage)" which we did not use before!
• This seems to be the best / easiest way for sub-figures!

1 1 1 1 1 0
00
00 11 11 11

01

01

10 10 00

10

11 01

11 11 10 11 10 10

Fig. (a) Fig. (b) Fig. (c)

Figure 14: Testing Figures in a Table through Box

A more elaborate example is given in Fig. 15. Note that the initial imported file had TWO
columns only and we added to it a 3rd column and extra two rows.
Limitation of this technique is that the figures must fit within one page only!

7.5.4 Sub-figures over multiple pages

When we have sub-figures spanning over multiple pages, such as encoding convolutional codes, a
solution given to me by “Jürgen Spitzmüller” from LyX user group. His solution is:
• Use sub-floats (figure floats in figure floats as in section 7.5.2) rather than a table.

14
 1 1 1 1 1 0
00
00 11 11 11

01

01

10 10 00

10

11 01

11 11 10 11 10 10

(a) First (b) Second (c) Third

input 1 1 0 0 1

00
00
11 11

11
01

10
10

10

11

output 11 10 10 11

(d) fourth
input 1 1 0 0 1

00
00
11 11

11
01

10
10

10

11

output 11 10 10 11 11

(e) fifth

Figure 15: CC encoding process

15
 • You can split the figure to as many floats as you need to fit on the pages if you add in TeX
mode \ContinuedFloat at the beginning of each of the subsequent floats.
• An example was kindly provided by Jürgen and I just adjusted the required figures. The only
modification I did was to use the “fixed height” option instead of “% Line width”. here the
example.

• Sub-figures are automatically labeled as (a), (b), (c), ...

1 1 1 1 1 0
00
00 11 11 11

01

01

10 10 00

10
01
11

11 11 10 11 10 10

(a) (b) (c)

input 1 1 0 0 1

00
00
11 11

11
01

10
10

10

11

output 11 10 10 11

(d)

Figure 16: Trellis encoding example

input 1 1 0 0 1

00
00
11 11

11
01

10
10

10

11

output 11 10 10 11 11

(e)

Figure 16: Trellis encoding example (continued 2/4)

16
 input 1 1 0 0 1 0

00 11
11

11

01

01

10
10 10

10

11

output 11 10 10 11 11 01

(f)

Figure 16: Trellis encoding example (continued 3/4)

input 1 1 0 0 1 0 0

00 11 11

11 11

01 00

01

10
10

10

11

output 11 10 10 11 11 01 11

(g)

Figure 16: Trellis encoding example (continued 4/4)

7.5.5 Using TexStudio

• We can use Latex Editor such as TexStudio (TxS) to draw sub-figures (on the same line or on
top of each other).
• Import file as "plain Tex" .
• We can add / remove figures and "captions" and "sub-caption" as needed

7.6 Formatting figures

Figures can be formatted by:
• Place cursor to the right side of figure

• Right click, "paragraph setting" setting appears

• Select how you want to place figure, i.e. center, left, ..etc

7.7 Center pictures or tables inside floats globally

(From LyX Book, p 153)
Is it possible to automatically center (by hand is always possible) the picture or the table inside
our floats? The simplest way to obtain this effect is to redefine the macro that give format to the
floats, writing the following in the LATEX preamble:
\g@addto@macro\@floatboxreset\centering

17
7.8 Fixing Image position
Sometimes we need to place an image after certain text, so to keep the table close to its entry in the
output:
Right click on “float:Figure” > setting > Placement Settings > Custom > Here definitely (or any
other option)
Alternatively, we can make this setting for ALL floats (images and tables) by:
Document > Float setting > Custom > Here definitely (or any other option)

7.9 Figures in different directory

• It is better to put Figures in a separate directory to keep things tidy. They can be easily
inserted in document using figure float.

• Applying Latex command \graphicspath{{./Figures-TxS/}} does NOT help, although LyX

does not trigger an error!

7.10 Putting table inside figure floats

LyX allows tables to be inserted inside figure float as shown in 17.
I needed this in our book (Analog & Digital Communication Systems) for data transmission
section.

Block of data CRC

Figure 17: Data packet with CRC

8 Boxes
Lyx has built in normal boxes. To insert a box: go to > Insert > Box > select type of box you like,
e.g.

oval

testing box within LyX

oval box

How to color boxes (e.g used shaded boxes) is solved in section 26.

9 Tables
9.1 General
To insert a table in your document,
• Place the cursor at the text position you want.
• Use the menu Insert ▷ Float ▷ Table or the toolbar button . This insert a rectangular box with
a place holder.

• Type table title in the place holder.

18
• Use the Insert ▷ Table (toolbar button ) to insert the actual table. A dialog will appear,
asking you for the number of rows and columns. The default table has lines around each cell
and the first row appears separated from the rest of the table. An example is shown in table
1.
• There are many operation that can be done on the table by simply right clicking on the cell
(or group of cells), e.g. "select two cells" > "right click" > "Multi Row" . You can control
"borders" , "alignment" etc. e.g.: "select two cells" “table menu” appears at the bottom where
you can select to add / remove borders at any side of the selected cells.

Table 1: Table example

1 2 3
Joe  Mary  Ted
a b
x2 dx
R
1+1=2
c d

• Click on the table with the right button to get a Table Settings dialog box which allows extensive
table editing.
• The table toolbar is an alternative to the table dialog to be able to alter tables faster. It should
normally appear at the bottom of LYX’s main window when the cursor is inside a table. The
toolbar has the following icons:

adds a row below the current cell or selection

adds a column right beside the current cell or selection

deletes the current row or selection

deletes the current column or selection
moves the row up

moves the column to the left

moves the row down
moves the column to the right
toggles a line at the top of every cell for the currently selected cells

toggles a line at the bottom of every cell for the currently selected cells
toggles a line at the left side of every cell for the currently selected cells
toggles a line at the right side of every cell for the currently selected cells

toggles a border around the currently selected cells

toggles inner lines for the currently selected cells

19
 adds lines around the current or selected cells - if the current cell is not a multicolumn
cell this also affects the current row and column
deletes all lines of the current or selected cells - if the current cell is not a multicolumn
cell this also affects the current row and column

If using a formal table, this resets the border to its default (only horizontal lines in top
and bottom rows)
left-aligns the content of the current cell / column
centers the content of the current cell / column horizontally

right-aligns the content of the current cell / column

aligns the content of the current column at a character
aligns the content of the current cell vertically to the top
centers the content of the current cell vertically

aligns the content of the current cell vertically to the bottom

rotates the current cell or selection counter-clockwise by 90°
rotates the whole table counter-clockwise by 90°

sets the current cell or selection as a multicolumn

sets the current cell or selection as a multirow

9.2 How to split the top left cell of a table in 2 diagonally

In LyX you can enter LaTeX code.
• Go to the menu item Document > Settings... > LaTeX Preamble, and insert \usepack-
age{diagbox}.
• Then in the top left cell, choose the menu item Insert > Insert ▷ TeX Code (or use toolbar
button ) and enter \diagbox{xxx}{yyy} (whatever you want there).
An example is given in Table

Table 2: Split cell example

Properties
Type

20
9.3 Notes about tables
• Table has to be inserted “after caption” so that caption comes on TOP, otherwise LyX put
caption below table.
• To be able to assign "table caption" we must use Table Float button or using "insert > Float
>Table" .
• To center the table, place the cursor to the right of the Table > right click > select paragraph
setting > tick center.

9.4 Fixing position of table

To keep the table close to its entry in the output:
Right click on “float:Table” > setting > Placement Settings > Custom > Here definitely (or any
other option)
Alternatively, we can make this setting for ALL floats (images and tables) by:
Document > Float setting > Custom > Here definitely (or any other option)

9.5 Long tables in Landscape view

Sometimes it is required to print a long table, so we need to use landscape. This is achieved by
• putting in the preamble usepackage{pdflscape}

• inserting TEX code at the beginning of the table: begin{landscape}

• inserting TEX code at the end of the table: \end{landscape}
An example is given below:
Information Theory

21
 Table 3: Channel Capacity Calculation

At p(xi )= 1/N
# Ch. [ P(Y/X) ] [P(X)] [P(Y)] H(Y/X) H(Y/X) [P(Y)] H(Y) C sym Comments
Name o/p?
1 BC .8 .2 .85 .725 .7458 .8016 .55 .45 .9928 0.1912 - Log2 (2) = 1
.3 .7 .15 .275
B = binary, C = channel, E = erasure, S = symmetric, Q-ary = Quaternary,
22
9.6 Fitting long table within text
This is achieved by using latex command
\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{<tabular>}

10 Cross referencing and Labels

• You can refer to a section number, to the page on which the section begins or to both. As
with section numbering, LYX also takes care of cross-reference numbering for you. Automatic
management of labels and cross-references is among the most significant advantages of LYX
(and LATEX) over conventional word processors.
• Click at any point you want to cross reference (e.g. the end of the section title line), and
select Insert ▷ Label or the toolbar button . A dialog asks you for a label name, and gives you
a suggestion. When you click on OK, the label name will be placed in a box next to the point
you wanted (e.g. section title).
• Select Insert ▷ Cross Reference or the toolbar button . The Cross-reference dialog pops up. It
shows a list of the possible labels you can reference.

Notes (From LyX user guide, p 98)

• For figures and tables, the label must be inserted after the figure (& table) title! otherwise it
will not be referenced (although LyX may not trigger any error)
• Patrice for using labels (base on my experience from Latex) is as follows, Table 4:

Table 4: Label notation

Item Label
Figure fig:xyz
Table table:xyz
Section sec:xyz
Chapter chap:xyz
Example exm:xyz
Equation eq:xyz

• To label an equation, we must put the label inside equation itself!

• Most of the time when putting a label will give the beginning of the label, e.g. “fig:”, sometimes
it does not!

11 Hyperlinks
11.1 Inserting Hyperlinks
Go to “Insert” , then select “Hyperlink”. This will open a panel with two entries “Target” which is
where you put the actual link and “Name” where you can put the name you want to call it. An
example is shown in section 3.

23
11.2 Accessing hyperlink
To access the hyperlink you can access it from LyX file or from pdf output, not from LyX code!).

• From LyX file: Right click on the link it will show two options: “setting” and “open target”,
select “open target”
• From pdf output: left click on the link it will transfer you the the website (but it asks you for
permission)!

11.3 Underlining Hyperlink

When a document containing a hyperlink is printed, the link shows as simple text which maybe
missed by the reader. One way to make it visible is to underline it. To underline a hyperlink, simply
treat it as normal text, i.e.
“select the hyperlink text” > “text properties” > customize > underline

12 Inserting Latex code

• You can use TEX commands in LYX by choosing Insert ▷ TeX Code (toolbar button ). This
creates a box where everything within it is passed straight to LATEX. e.g.

y1 = x2 + 1

• In case you would like to use LaTeX just locally and once, you could insert TeX code in the
document: click the TeX toolbar button, or select Insert and TeX. This is also known as ERT.
The acronym ERT (Evil Red Text) refers to raw LaTeX commands inserted into the body
of your LyX document. In historical versions of LyX, ERT appeared in the user interface
alongside regular text as red characters.
• If you repeat LaTeX commands within the text, there"s a good chance that you could do the
same by a global setting, in the preamble.

13 Inserting footnotes
Go to “Insert” > footnote (a place holder ’box’ will appear where you can put the footnote contents)

14 Preamble uses
We can modify the preamble section to suit our needs. In the menu, choose Documents >Settingsh
> document preamble. Here you can insert any latex command (such as \usepackage for loading
packages with settings) and making further command definitions (such as \definecolor) .
• Adding special packages by “\usepackage” etc.

• Global commands to be applied to whole document, e.g.:

24
\definecolor{BlueDark2}{RGB}{33,174,254}
\definecolor{BlueLight}{RGB}{200,240,255}
\g@addto@macro\@floatboxreset\centering
The first two commands define new degrees of the color blue, while the third line globally centers
all floats i.e. figures and tables.

15 Lists
15.1 Lists numbering
LyX number lists as 1, 2, 3, ...

1. The input resistance Ri

2. The output resistance Ro
3. The voltage gain Av

Sometimes (as in the case of my book) we need to alphabetical listing, the solution to this simple
and provided by
• Redefining (labelenumi) command before the beginning of the list should do the trick, i.e.
simply add a TEX code at the begin of the list. Type in the following code: \renewcom-
mand{\labelenumi}{\alph{enumi}.}

• To change the numbering back to Roman, replace \alph with \Roman.

• There are more options to choose from. For example, to use uppercase alphabetic numbering
use \Alph instead of \alph
• Lowercase roman numbers, use \roman instead of \Roman.

To apply this numbering to ALL document, simply put \renewcommand{\labelenumi}{\alph{enumi}.}

in the preamble.
An example illustrating this technique is:

a. The input resistance Ri

b. The output resistance Ro
c. The voltage gain Av

For more info about this take a look at Additional Features manual, Section 7.2. (in LyX, go to:
Help > Additional Features).

15.2 Lists spacing between items

It can actually be controlled by adding this to your preamble
\usepackage{enumitem}
\setlist{nosep} % or \setlist{noitemsep} to leave space around whole list
Note that the {nosep} removes space between the ’list title’ and

25
16 Importing from different programs
• We use “File” > “ Import”.
• Just do not expect miracles: if the document that we are migrating is complex, it will need
attention.
• Clearly, import and export of LATEX documents works perfectly.
• With ’Pandoc’ and other filters already present, it is possible to import and export to and
from LYX (not tried yet)

17 Copying from other programs

• In “Edit” > “Paste Special” , which has the following options : “Paste from LATEX”, “Plain
Text”, and “Plain Text, Join Lines” .
• When we copy a fragment of a LATEX document to the clipboard, “special paste” converts it
seamlessly to LYX format without effort.

18 Paragraph spacing
• This can be set using "Dopcument" > "Setting" > "Text Layout" > select "Indentation" >
chose "Default" or "Custom".
• In "Text Layout" , you can select "Vertical Space" to control space between paragraphs, but
this cancells indentation AUTOMATICALLY
• You CANNOT combine "Indentation" and "Vertical Space" together!!
• By the way, Sedra & Smith does NOT use paragrapph seperation but defferntiate between
them using "Indentation"

From Lyx User guide:

Before describing all of the various paragraph environments, we"d like to say a word or two about
paragraph indentation.
Everyone seems to have their own convention for separating paragraphs. Most Americans indent
the first line of a paragraph. Others don"t indent but put extra space between the paragraphs. If you
choose indentation for paragraphs the first paragraph of a section, or after a figure, an equation, a
table, a list, etc., is not indented. Only a paragraph following another paragraph gets indented. Note
that the indentation behavior is different when you use another document language than English.
LATEX takes care that the indentation follows the rules of the language used.
The space between paragraphs, like the line spacing, the space between headings and text —
in fact, all the spacing for just about everything —is pre-coded into LYX. As we said, you don"t
worry about how much space to add between what. LYX takes care of that. In fact, these pre-coded
vertical spacings are not a single number but a range. That way, LYX can squish or stretch the
space between lines to make sure figures fit on a page with text, so that sections don"t start at the
bottom of a page, and so on.1 However, pre-coded doesn"t mean you can"t change them. LYX gives
you the ability globally to change all these pre-coded spacings. We will explain more later.
1L
AT
EX does this when LYX goes to produce a printable file.

26
19 Fonts
19.1 Font families:
• rm: corresponds to roman family
• sf: corresponds to sans serif family
• tt: corresponds to typewriter family

19.2 Font shapes

a. up: corresponds to uprightshapes .
b. it: corresponds to italic shapes.
c. sl: corresponds to slanted shapes.

d. sc: corresponds to small caps shapes.

19.3 Font series:

• md: corresponds to medium series.
• bf: corresponds to bold series.

20 LyX color change

To change the color of some text:
• Select “some text”
• Right click on it

• Select “customized”
• In the pane, select “color”, it will give you choice of standard colors available.

20.1 From wiki.LyX.org

How to customize the colors of LyX.
LyX offers a way to set the color of the fonts to pieces of text, but those colors might not be the
best. They are pure RGB colors and some like green, cyan and yellow doesn"t have enough contrast
to white to be readable.
Thankfully, it easy to change them. For example, I"ve added the following to the preamble to
get them a bit darker:
• \definecolor{green}{RGB}{0, 180, 0}
• \definecolor{cyan}{RGB}{0, 180, 180}
• \definecolor{yellow}{RGB}{211,211,0}

27
Of course, on the LyX GUI you"ll still get the original colors, which thanks to the particular
background of LyX are very readable.
At the moment, you can only redefine the names of colors LyX knows about. The LyX way to
select colors (Edit -> Text style -> Customized) does not accept new color names.

20.2 Special Note on Colors

• Make sure that {RGB} in above definition are capital letters, otherwise we get a run-time
error!!
• We can use {rgb} but the numbers are between 0 and 1 “I think this notation is used in LyX
book.”
• RGB format is more widely used.
• RGB values can be defined by using color picker in “Paint” program as suggested by Faseeh!.
• Many other color pickers are available on internet.

21 Master-child documents
For a large document like a book, it is better to split it in chapters. This is done using master-child
documents.

• Create a master document that include ALL preliminaries like Title, author, etc
• In the master document, (insert) > (file) > child. Browse and select file(s).
Note: master and child files must be of the same "Document class", e.g. book in our case! An
example is given in Fig. 18.

28
 Figure 18: Master-child book example

22 Quotes
LyX and possibly Latex reserves the use of single quote (’), so to quote something ’how to quote’
we will get spelling error issue. It is best to use double quote “how to quote”.

23 Book Document class

There are few book classes available in LyX, among others:
a. American Mathematical Society Book - Chapter heading is small
b. KOMA -Script Book - does not use "Chapter" word, so it maybe confusing

c. Book (standard with extra font sizes) - This is the best fit to my Electronics book
d. Book (standard) - same as number “c”
e. Springer contributed book (svmulti)

I tried “c” and “d” and they work fine. They look the same for me! AMS version does NOT look
nice for me. KOMA is fine but it did NOT accept the colors I added in preamble!!

29
24 Indexing
• Include \usepackagemakeidx and \makeindex in the preamble (through Document > setting
> Preamble).
• An index entry is created if you use the menu Insert ▷ Index Entry or the toolbar button . A
box is inserted containing the text that appears in the index. The word where the cursor is in
or the currently highlighted text is proposed by LYX as the index entry.
• Move to the end of document (or any other place you want it) and choose Insert > LIST/TOC
> Index List.

Note: I applied this for a single word now (Springer) given in 5 and illustrated in Fig. 19.

Figure 19: Indexing example

25 Pagination
25.1 Blank pages
To insert a blank page, we need to insert a Latex code (\thispagestyle{empty}) in top of the page.
For some reason, I had to add a blank vertical space, otherwise it will not produce an empty page!
This differs from inserting “New Page” or “Page Break” shown in subsection 25.4 where this
actually insert a full blank page while the other choices you can write in the pages, an example is
given in 20.

Figure 20: Blank Page vs New Page and Page Break

25.2 Pages with NO number

Often this is needed in front matter of the book (4-5 pages). Very simply use Latex code (\this-
pagestyle{empty}) in top of the page.

30
25.3 Using roman numbering (i, ii, iii, iv, ..)
How can I have roman pagination (i, ii, iii...) for the first part of my document?
• If you use a book class, simply insert latex code (\frontmatter) at the beginning of the docu-
ment. This will switch page numbering to roman (i, ii, iii...)
• At the end of selected pages insert again (\mainmatter) which will switch back to Arabic (1,
2, ...) and start from "1".

25.4 Blank Page vs Page Break

New pages can be inserted using: Insert > formatting > “New page” or by: Insert > formatting >
“Blank page”
If you use \newpage, the page will be directly "cut off" and a new one will begin. The text/para-
graphs on the page will not be affected in any way. If you do this, you might have a lot of empty
space on that page.
With \pagebreak, the paragraphs on the cut page will spread out over the page, so you will not
have empty space at the bottom. The old page will not look like it is the end of a chapter.
Here is an example 21 of the results of a \pagebreak and a \newpage (the pictures show the page
on which the command was written. The commands are written at the end of each page to start a
new one.):

Figure 21: New Page vs Page Break

26 Colored shaded boxes (from my book examples)

We need to use "Custom insets" to create them. This is achieved by adding a module ‘Fancy Color
Boxes’ to create box insets. Note that you need to click “save as document default” to apply to
"ALL Documents" created after. The steps are as follows:
• Document > Settings > Modules > Fancy Colored Boxes > Add > Apply to ALL document
• Insert > Custom Insets > Color Box
• Inside the Color Box inset, you can find Color Box Options

31
The choice of insets are:
• Color Box
• Custom color Box 1 - 5
• Fit color box
• Raster color box - I got an error. Latex Error: “Environment tcbraster undefined”. Neverthe-
less, I don’t need it at least for the time being.
• Subtitle. I tried this option it gives me a "shaded box with whatever text you type inside it"
To colorbox for use in our examples, we need to create a custom color box, I used one of them
(ColorBox A) which will translate to ’Custom color box 1’. This style is based on my Book “Electronic
Circuits Fundamentals with Mathcad Examples’ - by A-Imam Al-Sammak, available on Amazon as
eBook ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Electronic Circuits Book -eBookand print ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Electronic Circyuigts - Print version. This part is
done by Mr. Natarajan Yoganathan (Upwork.com freelancer) which is based on work done for
formatting my book in Latex by Mr. Faseeh Muhammed (Upwork.com freelancer) .

In preamble, type / paste the following:

%%%%%%%%%%%%% To create colored boxes (BEGIN) %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\tcbuselibrary{most}
\tcbuselibrary{breakable}
\newtcolorbox[auto counter, number within=chapter]{cBoxA}[2][] %Env name
{colback=cyan!10, %Box background color
breakable, %Auto breaking for pages
colframe=cyan, %Box frame color
title=\textbf{Example~\thetcbcounter\ #1}, %Box name with number
label={#2} %Box label for text citations
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%b To create colored boxes (END) %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Our main interest here is to create book examples that are numbered chapter wise and that can
be labeled and cress referenced. To insert a color box (we will use our own created custom box),
follow the following:
• A color box is inserted via the menu Insert ▷ Custom Insets ▷ Custom Color Box 1. An a place-
holder rectangle red box appears.

• Right clock on the “place holder”, select ’color box options, another “placeholder \” within our
original “placeholder” appears.

• Type in the example title / name in the “place holder”, i.e..

32
Running this will give us the following output:

• To label the example for future referencing, we need to insert another option “MORE color
box options”, where we type our label (which is used later for cross referencing), e.g. i.e.

• Inside the new “place holder” insert a label, e.g. Example X. Note, since this is a label, the
output does NOT show either the “More Color Box Options” or “Example X”!
• Move the cursor outside the second placeholder, press “return” to create space where we can
put any text / data / tables etc. It can contain several paragraphs and math.

• An example of what can be typed is shown below.

Example .1 This is our first example

For the circuit shown in Fig.22, determine:

a. The input resistance Ri
b. The output resistance Ro

VCC = 15V

RC 3.9 k
vo
Rsig
RL 10 k
+  = 100
vsig 10 k RB 50 k
− 2 mA I

VEE = −15V

Figure 22: Common emitter amplifier using Constant current source example.

Solution
Since we have a constant current source and high β(= 100) we can use the approximate
method:

33
 IC
IC ≈ IE = I = 2 mA, IB = = 20 µA
β

Table 5: Table 1

a b
1 2
3 4

To reference “example box”, we need to use a Latex insert, i.e. as shown in Example .1. Please
note the following:
• The output will show “as shown in Example 0.1” where “0” is the chapter number and “.1” is
the example number.

• We have inserted the word “Example” and it is NOT part of the label “Example X”!
To insert a table within color box, float placements will not be working in LaTeX. So we need to go
to - setting > Placement Setting > “here definitely” option. Strange, but this how it works!

27 My book color scheme

To get the same color scheme to my book, we need to put the following in the "Preamble". This is
based on my book published on Amazon My Book on Amazon. The book was typest in LAtex by
Mr. Faseeh Muhammed (an excellent freelance from upwork.com)
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{sectsty}
\usepackage{caption} %subcaption
\sectionfont{\color{mycyan}}
\subsectionfont{\color{mycyan}}
\subsubsectionfont{\color{mycyan}}
\renewcommand{\figurename}{\textcolor{mycyan}{\bfseries Figure}}
\captionsetup[figure]{labelfont={bf,color=mycyan}}
\renewcommand{\tablename}{\textcolor{mycyan}{\bfseries Table}}
\captionsetup[table]{labelfont={bf,color=mycyan}}
\textwidth=36pc
\textheight=50pc
\oddsidemargin -0pt
\topmargin-30pt
%\usepackage[breakable]{tcolorbox}
\tcbuselibrary{hooks, breakable, skins}
\definecolor{mycyan}{RGB}{9,199,245}
\newtcolorbox[auto counter, number within=chapter]{examples}[2][]{%
title=Example~\thetcbcounter #2, #1}
\tcbset{title,breakable, colback=mycyan!10,colframe=mycyan,fonttitle=\bfseries}
\tcbset{forimages/.style={

34
 boxrule=0pt,
frame empty,
opacityback=0,
enhanced jigsaw,
colframe=mycyan!10
}
}
An example of how the resulting shaded box example is shown in Fig. 23

Figure 23: Colored shaded box example from my Electronics Book

28 LyX 2.4 black theme issue

Lyx 2.4 comes with "dark theme" as default, which I did not like as it is not nice as it does not
display graphs clearly. I like LyX 2.3 theme, so to change it go to the preferences > Look and feel
> user interface > user interface style > "windowsvista".

29 Contents page
This is simply done by: Insert >” Lists / Contents / References” > Contents

30 How to edit book with co-authors

Activate change tracking in Document > Change Tracking > Track changes, save the document and
send it to your co-author.

31 Special symbols and characters

Lyx has a very large collection of symbols and characters, for example to insert “therefore sign”:
go to "Math mode" inside the placeholder > Insert ▷ Special Character ▷ Symbols “select "therefore
sign”.

32 Finishing touches
This is copied from: Linux LyX Book design
When you’re done composing all of your text in LyX, you’ll want to do a little cleanup on your
document before sending it to press. Because TeX is a typesetting engine, it may occasionally fail
to find a good place to break a line, resulting in a warning message and a line that extends into
the margin. When this happens, your options are to rewrite the line so that TeX can find a good
place to break it; manually force a break by using Insert -> Special Formatting -> Line Break; or
allow TeX to insert extra spacing between words by using the command sloppypar. Aesthetically,
the third option is considered the method of last resort, but you can use it by inserting an ERT

35
code box with Insert -> TeX code, typing begin{sloppypar} at the beginning of the paragraph, and
inserting another code box containing end{sloppypar} at the end.
In the same vein, TeX prefers not to leave blank space at the bottom of a page where a section
ends. To avoid this, the software will insert extra spacing between paragraphs in order to stretch
the text vertically to fill the page. We preferred to leave the blank space at the bottom, which we
easily accomplished by using Insert -> Special Formatting -> Page Break below the section that did
not fill the page.
Some publishers, including Lulu Press’ Global Distribution option, require electronic files submit-
ted in PDF format to be created with Adobe Distiller. This wasn’t an option for us, but fortunately
we could also upload the book in PostScript format. To do this, we created a PDF of the book using
View -> PDF(pdflatex), which brings up a PDF version of the book in Adobe Reader. We then
saved a copy of the PDF from Adobe Reader and converted that file to PostScript format using the
command:
pdftops -level3 -paperw 432 -paperh 648 Book.pdf Book.ps
where Book.pdf is the PDF saved from Adobe Reader. In this command, the paper dimensions
are given in points; the points in the example command correspond to a 6×9-inch book.

33 Need more help

Click on ’Help’ option on top bar. There are many manuals: Introduction, Tutorial, User Manual,
.. etc. They are written in LyX which help the user understand LyX operation. You can ’View’
anyone of them in pdf by clicking on .
If you have questions that are not obviously answered in the documentation and need help fast,
there is an active users’ mailing list which you can reach at [email protected]. You do not have
to register to post, but you may wish to do so. See the LyX website for further information. LyX
also has a http://wiki.lyx.org/ that will answer many questions about how to get LyX to do various
things.

34 TexLive update
This done through “tlmgr - TeX Live package manager” TexLive update
In prompt command (>) type:
tlmgr - TeX Live package manager
tlmgr is the name of the package and configuration manager included in TeX Live. It oper-
ates completely separately from any package manager the operating system may provide. The full
documentation for tlmgr is available (updated nightly), or you can run tlmgr --help.
If you installed MacTeX, precede the commands below with sudo, since MacTeX installs as root.
Getting updates
Occasionally new versions of tlmgr are released. Your installed tlmgr will notice and ask you to
update it before updating anything else. The command to do this is:
tlmgr update --self
After any updates of tlmgr, you can then run, for instance, tlmgr update --all, which will update
(including additions and removals) all other packages in your installation that have been changed
on the server. Authors frequently release new versions of their work to CTAN, which is propagated
into TeX Live.

36
35 My issues with LyX
• Sub-figures cannot be referenced separately if they are inserted using Table method.
• How to reference sub-figures as 1.23(x) instead of 1.23(x).

• How to add book templates other than those listed in LyX (not needed, as I could add for-
matting to preamble!)

37
Index
E
ERT, 24

S
Springer, 29

38