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Binary in Python3

The document provides an overview of binary data handling in Python 3, focusing on the bytes and bytearray types, their creation, and manipulation. It explains how to create bytes from integers, lists, and hex strings, as well as how to convert bytes to integers and vice versa. Additionally, it covers text encoding, formatting strings, and using bitwise operators.

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3 views6 pages

Binary in Python3

The document provides an overview of binary data handling in Python 3, focusing on the bytes and bytearray types, their creation, and manipulation. It explains how to create bytes from integers, lists, and hex strings, as well as how to convert bytes to integers and vice versa. Additionally, it covers text encoding, formatting strings, and using bitwise operators.

Uploaded by

slavmaja5499
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Binary data in Python3

Bytes
The bytes type in python3 is an immutable sequence of 8-bit integers.

Creating empty bytes


Python
>>> null_bytes = bytes(5)
>>> null_bytes
b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'
>>> type(null_bytes)
<class 'bytes'>
>>> null_bytes[0]
0
>>> type(null_bytes[0])
<class 'int'>
>>> len(null_bytes)
5

Bytearray
The bytearray type is the mutable version of bytes
Python
>>> null_bytes = bytearray(5)
>>> null_bytes
bytearray(b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')
>>> type(null_bytes)
<class 'bytearray'>
>>> null_bytes[0]
0
>>> type(null_bytes[0])
<class 'int'>
>>> null_bytes[1] = 65
>>> null_bytes
bytearray(b'\x00A\x00\x00\x00')
>>> null_bytes.append(66)
>>> null_bytes
bytearray(b'\x00A\x00\x00\x00B')
>>> len(null_bytes)
6

Python
>>> foo = bytearray(b'Python3')
>>> foo[-1] = 36
>>> foo[0] = 0x24
>>> foo[3] = b'W'[0]
>>> foo
bytearray(b'$ytWon$')

Bytes Literals
One way of creating a bytes object is bytes literals.

They are always prefixed with b or B


They must only contain ascii characters
bytes with a value of 128 or greater must be escaped with \
All bytes including non-pritable values can be expressed with \x scape sequence, which means the
next two characters are interpreted as hex digits for the character code

Python
>>> foo = b'\x54\x45\x53\x54'
>>> foo
b'TEST'
>>> type(foo)
<class 'bytes'>
Creating biggers integer from bytes
from_bytes method of int type returns the integer represented by the given array of bytes.

Python
>>> foo = b'\x01\x80'
>>> foo
b'\x01\x80'
>>> foo[0]
1
>>> foo[1]
128
>>> n = int.from_bytes(foo, byteorder='big')
>>> n
384

Endiness of integers

The byteorder argument determines the byte order used to represent the integer. If byteorder is 'big', the most
significant byte is at the beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is 'little', the most significant byte is at the end
of the byte array.

To see the native byte order of the host os, use sys.byteorder as the byte order value.

Python
>>> int.from_bytes(b'\x01\x80', byteorder='big')
384
>>> int.from_bytes(b'\x01\x80', byteorder='little')
32769

Creating bytes object

Bytes from a single of integer


Python
>>> n.to_bytes(1, byteorder='big')
b'\x82'
>>> n.to_bytes(10, byteorder='big')
b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x82'

Bytes from a list of integers


Python
>>> bar = bytes([65,66,67,68,69])
>>> bar
b'ABCDE'

List from a bytes object


Python
>>> foo = b'abc'
>>> foo
b'abc'
>>> list(foo)
[97, 98, 99]

Bytes from Hex


Python
>>> bytes.fromhex('506573')
b'Pes'

Hex from Bytes


Python
>>> foo = b'hello'
>>> foo.hex()
'68656c6c6f'

Bytes from String


Python
>>> text = 'TheFox'
>>> text.encode('utf-8')
b'TheFox'

Base 2
Python
>>> bar = int('10101010', 2)
>>> bar
170
>>> bin(170)
'0b10101010'
Text encoding
Python
>>> foo = b'Hello'
>>> bar = foo.decode('utf-8')
>>> foo
b'Hello'
>>> bar
'Hello'

Formatting Strings
Python
>>> b = b'\xFF'
>>> '{0:b}'.format(b[0])
'11111111'
>>> '{0:x}'.format(b[0])
'ff'
>>> '{0:o}'.format(b[0])
'377'
>>> '{0:d}'.format(b[0])
'255'

Bitwise Operators
x & y AND
x | y OR
x ^ y XOR
x >> y Shift right
x << y Shift left

AND/OR
Python
>>> x = int('11110000', 2)
>>> y = int('00001111', 2)
>>> x & y
0
>>> bin(x & y)
'0b0'
>>> x | y
255
>>> bin(x | y)
'0b11111111'

XOR
Python
>>> x = int('10000001', 2)
>>> y = int('10101010', 2)
>>> x ^ y
43
>>> bin(x ^ y)
'0b101011'

Shift
Python
>>> n = int('00000110', 2)
>>> n
6
>>> n << 2
24
>>> bin(n << 2)
'0b11000'
>>> n >> 1
3
>>> bin(n >> 1)
'0b11'

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