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Matplotlib Notes

Matplotlib is a Python library for creating various types of visualizations, including static, animated, and interactive plots, and is part of the PyData stack. The document outlines basic components, installation, plotting examples, customization options, and integration with Pandas for data visualization. It also includes tips for using Matplotlib effectively, such as creating subplots and customizing axis properties.

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2 views

Matplotlib Notes

Matplotlib is a Python library for creating various types of visualizations, including static, animated, and interactive plots, and is part of the PyData stack. The document outlines basic components, installation, plotting examples, customization options, and integration with Pandas for data visualization. It also includes tips for using Matplotlib effectively, such as creating subplots and customizing axis properties.

Uploaded by

tupacmoosewala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Matplotlib Notes

================

What is Matplotlib?

- A comprehensive library for creating static, animated, and interactive visualizations in Python.

- Part of the PyData stack (with NumPy, Pandas, etc.).

- Works well with Jupyter Notebooks, IDEs, and scripts.

Basic Components

- Figure: The overall window or page.

- Axes: A part of the figure where data is plotted (can have multiple).

- Axis: x-axis and y-axis within each Axes.

- Plot: The actual drawing (line, scatter, bar, etc.).

Installation

pip install matplotlib

Importing

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

Basic Plot Example

x = [1, 2, 3, 4]

y = [10, 20, 25, 30]

plt.plot(x, y)

plt.xlabel("X-axis")

plt.ylabel("Y-axis")

plt.title("Basic Line Plot")


plt.grid(True)

plt.show()

Types of Plots

Line: plt.plot()

Scatter: plt.scatter()

Bar: plt.bar()

Histogram: plt.hist()

Pie Chart: plt.pie()

Box Plot: plt.boxplot()

Area Plot: plt.stackplot()

Error Bar: plt.errorbar()

Customization Options

Color: 'r', 'g', 'b', '#00ff00', etc.

Line Style: '-', '--', ':', '-.'

Marker: 'o', '^', 's', 'D', '*', etc.

Labels and Legend

plt.xlabel("X Label")

plt.ylabel("Y Label")

plt.title("Title")

plt.legend(["Series 1"])

Subplots

plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)

plt.plot(x, y)
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)

plt.bar(x, y)

plt.show()

Save Plot

plt.savefig("plot.png")

Using with Pandas

import pandas as pd

data = pd.read_csv("data.csv")

data.plot(kind='line')

plt.show()

Tips

- Use %matplotlib inline in Jupyter.

- Use fig, ax = plt.subplots() for more control.

- Customize ticks with plt.xticks(), plt.yticks().

Matplotlib with Pandas - More Examples

======================================

Sample Data

-----------

data = {'Year': [2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022],

'Sales': [100, 120, 130, 115, 140],

'Profit': [20, 25, 23, 18, 30]}

df = pd.DataFrame(data)
1. Line Plot

df.plot(x='Year', y='Sales', kind='line')

2. Multiple Lines

df.plot(x='Year', y=['Sales', 'Profit'], kind='line')

3. Bar Chart

df.plot(x='Year', y='Sales', kind='bar')

4. Grouped Bar

df.plot(x='Year', kind='bar', stacked=False)

5. Stacked Bar

df.plot(x='Year', kind='bar', stacked=True)

6. Histogram

df['Profit'].plot(kind='hist')

7. Box Plot

df[['Sales', 'Profit']].plot(kind='box')

8. Scatter Plot

df.plot(kind='scatter', x='Sales', y='Profit')

9. Pie Chart

df.set_index('Year')['Sales'].plot(kind='pie')
Subplots

df.plot(x='Year', y=['Sales', 'Profit'], subplots=True)

Annotations

ax = df.plot(x='Year', y='Sales', kind='line')

for i, val in enumerate(df['Sales']):

ax.text(df['Year'][i], val + 2, str(val), ha='center')

Custom Graph with Points

=========================

Using scatter + annotate:

x = [1, 2, 3, 4]

y = [10, 15, 13, 17]

labels = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']

plt.scatter(x, y)

list(map(lambda x_, y_, label: plt.annotate(label, (x_, y_ + 0.5)), x, y, labels))

Using Pandas + apply:

df.apply(lambda row: plt.annotate(row['label'], (row['x'], row['y'] + 0.3)), axis=1)

Customizing X and Y Axis Gaps

=============================

1. Using plt.xticks() / plt.yticks()

plt.xticks([1,2,3,4,5])
plt.yticks(range(10, 35, 5))

2. Using MultipleLocator from matplotlib.ticker

from matplotlib.ticker import MultipleLocator

ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(1))

ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(5))

3. Setting Axis Limits

plt.xlim(0, 6)

plt.ylim(5, 35)

4. Rotating Tick Labels

plt.xticks(rotation=45)

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