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M4 What Are Arrays

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Suraj Mondal (Clay)
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2 views5 pages

M4 What Are Arrays

Uploaded by

Suraj Mondal (Clay)
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What Are Arrays?

● Definition: Arrays are a collection of elements of the same data type stored in contiguous memory
locations.
● Why Use Arrays?
○ Store and manage large amounts of data.
○ Access elements using an index.

Syntax:
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data_type array_name[size];
Example:
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int numbers[5]; // Declares an integer array of size 5

One-Dimensional Arrays

Array Manipulation
Accessing Elements:
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int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
printf("%d", numbers[0]); // Outputs: 1
Updating Elements:
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numbers[1] = 10; // Updates the second element to 10

Searching in an Array

● Linear Search:
○ Traverse the array to find the desired element.

Example:
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int search(int arr[], int n, int key) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (arr[i] == key) {
return i; // Element found at index i
}
}
return -1; // Element not found
}

○
● Binary Search:
○ Works on sorted arrays.

Example:
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int binarySearch(int arr[], int n, int key) {
int low = 0, high = n - 1;
while (low <= high) {
int mid = (low + high) / 2;
if (arr[mid] == key) {
return mid;
} else if (arr[mid] < key) {
low = mid + 1;
} else {
high = mid - 1;
}
}
return -1;
}

Insertion

● Insert an element into a specific position in the array.

Example:
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void insert(int arr[], int *n, int pos, int value) {
for (int i = *n; i > pos; i--) {
arr[i] = arr[i - 1];
}
arr[pos] = value;
(*n)++;
}

Deletion

● Remove an element at a specific position in the array.

Example:
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void delete(int arr[], int *n, int pos) {
for (int i = pos; i < *n - 1; i++) {
arr[i] = arr[i + 1];
}
(*n)--;
}

Finding the Largest/Smallest Element


Example:
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int findLargest(int arr[], int n) {
int largest = arr[0];
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
if (arr[i] > largest) {
largest = arr[i];
}
}
return largest;
}

int findSmallest(int arr[], int n) {


int smallest = arr[0];
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
if (arr[i] < smallest) {
smallest = arr[i];
}
}
return smallest;
}

Two-Dimensional Arrays

● Definition: A matrix-like structure where data is stored in rows and columns.

Syntax:
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data_type array_name[rows][columns];
Example:
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int matrix[2][3] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};

Addition of Two Matrices


Example:
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void addMatrices(int A[2][2], int B[2][2], int C[2][2]) {
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
C[i][j] = A[i][j] + B[i][j];
}
}
}

Multiplication of Two Matrices


Example:
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void multiplyMatrices(int A[2][2], int B[2][2], int C[2][2]) {
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
C[i][j] = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < 2; k++) {
C[i][j] += A[i][k] * B[k][j];
}
}
}
}

Transpose of a Square Matrix


Example:
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void transpose(int matrix[3][3], int transposed[3][3]) {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
transposed[j][i] = matrix[i][j];
}
}
}

Null-Terminated Strings as Array of Characters

● Definition: Strings in C are arrays of characters ending with a null character (\0).

Example:
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char str[] = "Hello";
printf("%s", str);

String Manipulation Using Standard Library Functions

● Include <string.h> for standard string functions.


● Common Functions:
strlen: Get string length.
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int len = strlen("Hello");

strcpy: Copy one string to another.


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char dest[20];
strcpy(dest, "Hello");

strcat: Concatenate two strings.


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char str1[20] = "Hello ";
strcat(str1, "World");

strcmp: Compare two strings.


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if (strcmp("abc", "abc") == 0) {
printf("Strings are equal");
}

strrev: Reverse a string (not standard in some compilers).


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strrev(str);

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