Introduction to JavaFX

JavaFX is a graphical user interface toolkit for building desktop and mobile
applications. It is based on the Java programming language and provides a rich set of
features for creating user interfaces that features audio, video graphics and animation
including:
Stage: A Stage represents a top-level window on the screen. It contains a
Scene, which is the content of the window.
Scene: A Scene is a container that holds the content of a window. It can
contain any type of JavaFX node, including controls, shapes, and text.
Layout: A Layout is a way of arranging nodes in a Scene. There are many
different types of layouts available, such as BorderPane, FlowPane, and
GridPane. The choice of layout depends on the specific needs of the
application.
Control:A Control is a node that allows the user to interact with the
application. Examples of Controls include buttons, text fields, and check boxes.
Event:An Event is a notification that is sent to a Control when a user interacts
with it. For example, a Button event is fired when the user clicks the button.
To create a JavaFX application, follow the steps below:
1. Create a Stage
2. Create a Scene and add it to Stage
3. Add Controls to the Scene and arrange them using a Layout.
In nutshell, Control are added to layout, layout is added to scene and scene is added
to stage.
To listen for events, you can use the `onAction()` method. The `onAction()` method
takes a lambda expression as its argument. The lambda expression will be executed
when the event occurs.
Also, to create a javafx application we need to do the following:
1. Import java.application.Application class
2. Inherit Application class in your class
3. Override the start method of the Application class
Here is an example of a simple JavaFX application:
/*This application will create a window with a button. When the user clicks the
button, the message "You clicked the button!" will be printed to the console.*/
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
public class MyApp extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage stage) throws Exception {
Button button = new Button("Click Me!");
button.setOnAction(event -> {
System.out.println("You clicked the button!");
});
Scene scene = new Scene(button);
stage.setTitle("My JavaFX Application");
stage.setScene(scene);
stage.show();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}

Stage, Scene, Layout, Control, and Events are the fundamental building blocks of
JavaFX applications. By understanding how to use these concepts, you can create a
wide variety of JavaFX applications.
Here are some additional benefits of using Stage, Scene, Layout, Control, and Events
in JavaFX:
Flexibility: JavaFX applications are highly flexible and can be customized to
meet the specific needs of the application.
 Portability: JavaFX applications are portable and can be run on a variety of
platforms, including Windows, macOS, and Linux.
Performance: JavaFX applications are performant and can be used to create
high-performance graphical user interfaces.
Overall, Stage, Scene, Layout, Control, and Events are a powerful set of tools for
creating JavaFX applications. By understanding how to use these concepts, you can
create a wide variety of flexible, portable, and performant graphical user interfaces.
package practiceproject;
import java.io.*;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
public class democlass extends Application{
public static void main(String[] args){
launch();// to be called only once from main()
}
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
Button bt1 = new Button("Click Me"); //control
HBox h = new HBox(); //layout
h.getChildren().add(bt1); //adding control to layout
Scene sc = new Scene(h); //creating scene and adding
//layout to scene
primaryStage.setScene(sc);
primaryStage.show();
}
}
HBox layout demo Code in javafx.
package practiceproject;
import java.io.*;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
public class democlass extends Application{
public static void main(String[] args){
launch(); }
public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
Button bt1 = new Button("Click Me");
Button bt2 = new Button("Click Me");
Button bt3 = new Button("Click Me");
Button bt4 = new Button("Click Me");
Button bt5 = new Button("Click Me");
HBox h = new HBox();
h.getChildren().add(bt1);
h.getChildren().add(bt2);
h.getChildren().add(bt3);
h.getChildren().add(bt4);
h.getChildren().add(bt5);
Scene sc = new Scene(h);
primaryStage.setScene(sc);
primaryStage.setWidth(300);
primaryStage.setHeight(300);
primaryStage.show();}}
VBox layout demo Code in javafx
package practiceproject;
import java.io.*;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
public class democlass extends Application{
public static void main(String[] args){
launch(); }
public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
Button bt1 = new Button("Click Me");
Button bt2 = new Button("Click Me");
Button bt3 = new Button("Click Me");
Button bt4 = new Button("Click Me");
VBox h = new VBox();
h.getChildren().add(bt1);
h.getChildren().add(bt2);
h.getChildren().add(bt3);
h.getChildren().add(bt4);
Scene sc = new Scene(h);
primaryStage.setScene(sc);
primaryStage.setWidth(300);
primaryStage.setHeight(300);
primaryStage.show(); }}
Grid Pane layout demo Code in javafx
package practiceproject;
import java.io.*;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
public class democlass extends Application{
public static void main(String[] args){
launch(); }
public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
Button bt1 = new Button("Click Me");
Button bt2 = new Button("Click Me");
Button bt3 = new Button("Click Me");
Button bt4 = new Button("Click Me");
GridPane root = new GridPane();
root.add(bt1, 0, 0);
root.add(bt2, 1, 0);
root.add(bt3, 2, 0);
Scene sc = new Scene(root);
primaryStage.setScene(sc);
primaryStage.setWidth(300);
primaryStage.setHeight(300);
primaryStage.show();
}}
Making Grid Lines visible on a Grid Pane layout demo Code in javafx
package practiceproject;
import java.io.*;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
public class democlass extends Application{
public static void main(String[] args){
launch(); }
public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
Button bt1 = new Button("Click Me");
Button bt2 = new Button("Click Me");
Button bt3 = new Button("Click Me");
GridPane root = new GridPane();
root.add(bt1, 0, 0); // 0, 0 column and row indices resp
root.add(bt2, 1, 1);
root.add(bt3, 2, 2);
root.setGridLinesVisible(true);
Scene sc = new Scene(root);
primaryStage.setScene(sc);
primaryStage.setWidth(300);
primaryStage.setHeight(300);
primaryStage.show();
}}
Setting VGAP and HGAP on a Grid Pane layout demo Code in javafx
import java.io.*;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
public class democlass extends Application{
public static void main(String[] args){
launch(); }
public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
Button bt1 = new Button("Click Me");
Button bt2 = new Button("Click Me");
Button bt3 = new Button("Click Me");
GridPane root = new GridPane();
root.add(bt1, 0, 0); // 0, 0 column and row indices resp
root.add(bt2, 1, 1);
root.add(bt3, 2, 2);
root.setHgap(20);
root.setVgap(20);
Scene sc = new Scene(root);
primaryStage.setScene(sc);
primaryStage.setWidth(300);
primaryStage.setHeight(300);
primaryStage.show(); }}
flowpane layout demo Code in javafx
package practiceproject;
import java.io.*;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.layout.FlowPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
public class democlass extends Application{
public static void main(String[] args){
launch();
}

@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
Button bt1 = new Button("Click Me");
Button bt2 = new Button("Click Me");
Button bt3 = new Button("Click Me");
Button bt4 = new Button("Click Me");
Button bt5 = new Button("Click Me");
Button bt6 = new Button("Click Me");
Button bt7 = new Button("Click Me");
Button bt8 = new Button("Click Me");
Button bt9 = new Button("Click Me");
Button bt10 = new Button("Click Me");
Button bt11 = new Button("Click Me");
 Button bt12 = new Button("Click Me");
FlowPane h = new FlowPane();
h.getChildren().add(bt1);
h.getChildren().add(bt2);
h.getChildren().add(bt3);
h.getChildren().add(bt4);
h.getChildren().add(bt5);
h.getChildren().add(bt6);
h.getChildren().add(bt7);
h.getChildren().add(bt8);
h.getChildren().add(bt9);
h.getChildren().add(bt10);
h.getChildren().add(bt11);
h.getChildren().add(bt12);
Scene sc = new Scene(h);
primaryStage.setScene(sc);
primaryStage.setWidth(300);
primaryStage.setHeight(300);
primaryStage.show();
}
}