Practical File

Python Lab

BCA – IV Semester
Session 2022-25

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Dr. Janmeyjay Pant Arbaz Ahmed
Anurag pathak
BCA
Section - A
Roll No- 22710410
Ques 1 : WAP to purposefully raise the indentation error and correct it ?

def greet(name):
print("Hello, " + name)

greet("Alice")

output:

Cell In[1], line 2

print("Hello, " + name)

^
IndentationError: expected an indented block after function definition on line 1

Ques 2: WAP to demonstrate the use of arithmetic operation in python ?

a = 10

b=5

add_result = a + b

print("Addition: {} + {} = {}".format(a, b, add_result))

sub_result = a - b

print("Subtraction: {} - {} = {}".format(a, b, sub_result))

mul_result = a * b

print("Multiplication: {} * {} = {}".format(a, b, mul_result))

div_result = a / b

print("Division: {} / {} = {}".format(a, b, div_result))

mod_result = a % b

print("Modulus: {} % {} = {}".format(a, b, mod_result))

exp_result = a ** b

print("Exponentiation: {} ** {} = {}".format(a, b, exp_result))

output:
Addition: 10 + 5 = 15
Subtraction: 10 - 5 = 5
Multiplication: 10 * 5 = 50
Division: 10 / 5 = 2.0
Modulus: 10 % 5 = 0
Exponentiation: 10 ** 5 = 100000

Ques 3: WAP that takes command line argument as input and print the addition of two
numbers as output.

import sys

def main():

if len(sys.argv) != 3:

print("Usage: python add_numbers.py <num1> <num2>")

return

try:

num1 = int(sys.argv[1])

num2 = int(sys.argv[2])

result = num1 + num2

print("The addition of {} and {} is: {}".format(num1, num2, result))

except ValueError:

print("Please provide valid integers as input.")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :

python add_numbers.py 5 10

The addition of 5 and 10 is: 15

Ques 4: WAP to compute distance between two points taking input from user

D=√(x2 - x1)^2 + (y2 - y1)^2

import math

def compute_distance(x1, y1, x2, y2):

# Calculate the distance using the distance formula

distance = math.sqrt((x2 - x1)**2 + (y2 - y1)**2)

return distance

def main():

try:

# Taking input from the user

x1 = float(input("Enter the x-coordinate of the first point: "))

y1 = float(input("Enter the y-coordinate of the first point: "))

x2 = float(input("Enter the x-coordinate of the second point: "))

y2 = float(input("Enter the y-coordinate of the second point: "))

distance = compute_distance(x1, y1, x2, y2)

print("The distance between the points ({}, {}) and ({}, {}) is: {:.2f}".format(x1, y1, x2, y2,
distance))

except ValueError:

print("Please enter valid numeric values.")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :

Enter the x-coordinate of the first point: 3

Enter the y-coordinate of the first point: 4
Enter the x-coordinate of the second point: 7
Enter the y-coordinate of the second point: 1
The distance between the points (3.0, 4.0) and (7.0, 1.0) is: 5.00

Ques 5: create a string “hello world ” and perform the following operation :

A: print the complete string

B: print the first character of the string

C: print the character string from 3 to 5

D: print string starting from 3rd character

E: print the string 20 times

F: create a new string and concatenate with previous string

# Define the initial string

initial_string = "hello world"

# A: Print the complete string

print("A: The complete string is: '{}'".format(initial_string))

# B: Print the first character of the string

print("B: The first character of the string is: '{}'".format(initial_string[0]))

# C: Print the character string from 3 to 5

# Note: Indexing in Python starts from 0, so characters from index 2 to 4 are the 3rd to 5th
characters.

print("C: The characters from 3 to 5 are: '{}'".format(initial_string[2:5]))

# D: Print the string starting from the 3rd character

print("D: The string starting from the 3rd character is: '{}'".format(initial_string[2:]))

# E: Print the string 20 times

print("E: The string printed 20 times is: '{}'".format(initial_string * 20))

# F: Create a new string and concatenate with the previous string

new_string = " Have a great day!"

concatenated_string = initial_string + new_string

print("F: The concatenated string is: '{}'".format(concatenated_string))

OUTPUT :

A: The complete string is: 'hello world'

B: The first character of the string is: 'h'
C: The characters from 3 to 5 are: 'llo'
D: The string starting from the 3rd character is: 'llo world'
E: The string printed 20 times is: 'hello worldhello worldhello worldhello worldhello worldhello worldh
ello worldhello worldhello worldhello worldhello worldhello worldhello worldhello worldhello worldh
ello worldhello worldhello worldhello worldhello world'
F: The concatenated string is: 'hello world Have a great day!'

Ques 6: Create a List containing the following items and perform the following operations-

Student =[ 556,”Mothi”,84,96,84,75,84]

1. Access 0th element

2. Access 0th to 1st elements

3)Access 2nd to end of list elements

4)Access starting to 2nd elements

5)Access starting to ending elements

6)Access last index value

7)Access elements in reverse order

# Define the initial list

 Student = [556, "Mothi", 84, 96, 84, 75, 84]

# 1. Access 0th element

print("1. The 0th element is: {}".format(Student[0]))

# 2. Access 0th to 1st elements

print("2. The 0th to 1st elements are: {}".format(Student[0:2]))

# 3. Access 2nd to end of list elements

print("3. The 2nd to end of list elements are: {}".format(Student[2:]))

# 4. Access starting to 2nd elements

print("4. The starting to 2nd elements are: {}".format(Student[:2]))

# 5. Access starting to ending elements

print("5. The starting to ending elements are: {}".format(Student[:]))

# 6. Access last index value

print("6. The last index value is: {}".format(Student[-1]))

# 7. Access elements in reverse order

print("7. The elements in reverse order are: {}".format(Student[::-1]))

OUTPUT :

1. The 0th element is: 556

2. The 0th to 1st elements are: [556, 'Mothi']
3. The 2nd to end of list elements are: [84, 96, 84, 75, 84]
4. The starting to 2nd elements are: [556, 'Mothi']
5. The starting to ending elements are: [556, 'Mothi', 84, 96, 84, 75, 84]
6. The last index value is: 84
7. The elements in reverse order are: [84, 75, 84, 96, 84, 'Mothi', 556]
Ques 7: Create DataFrame

import pandas as pd

# Define the data as a dictionary

data = {

'Student_ID': [556, 557, 558],

'Name': ['Mothi', 'Alice', 'Bob'],

'Math_Score': [84, 90, 78],

'Science_Score': [96, 85, 88],

'English_Score': [84, 79, 92]

# Create the DataFrame

df = pd.DataFrame(data)

# Print the DataFrame

print("DataFrame:")

print(df)

OUTPUT :

DataFrame:
Student_ID Name Math_Score Science_Score English_Score
0 556 Mothi 84 96 84
1 557 Alice 90 85 79
2 558 Bob 78 88 92
Ques 8: write a program to check whether the given no is even or odd

def check_even_odd(number):

if number % 2 == 0:

return "even"

else:

return "odd"

def main():

try:

# Take input from the user

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

# Check whether the number is even or odd

result = check_even_odd(number)

# Print the result

print("The number {} is {}.".format(number, result))

except ValueError:

print("Please enter a valid integer.")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :

Enter a number: 12
The number 12 is even.
Ques 9 :Write a program to get the marks of 5 subjects and calculate the average marks
scored and calculate the grade based on the average marks

If

Avg 91 to 100 (A grade)

71 to 80 (C grade )

61 to 60 (D grade)

51 to 60 (E grade)

>50 (fail)

def calculate_grade(average):

if average >= 91 and average <= 100:

return 'A'

elif average >= 81 and average <= 90:

return 'B'

elif average >= 71 and average <= 80:

return 'C'

elif average >= 61 and average <= 70:

return 'D'

elif average >= 51 and average <= 60:

return 'E'

else:

return 'Fail'

def main():

try:

# Take input for the marks of 5 subjects

marks = []

for i in range(1, 6):

 mark = float(input(f"Enter the marks for subject {i}: "))

marks.append(mark)

# Calculate the average marks

average = sum(marks) / len(marks)

# Calculate the grade based on the average marks

grade = calculate_grade(average)

# Print the results

print(f"\nAverage Marks: {average:.2f}")

print(f"Grade: {grade}")

except ValueError:

print("Please enter valid numeric values for the marks.")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :

Enter the marks for subject 1: 77

Enter the marks for subject 2: 93
Enter the marks for subject 3: 69
Enter the marks for subject 4: 90
Enter the marks for subject 5: 59

Average Marks: 77.60

Grade: C

Ques 10: Write a program to implement the simple calculator that performs basic
mathematical operation it takes 3 inputs from the user at first the user is asked to enter 2
numbers after that the user is asked to enter the operator based on which arithmetic
operation is performed

def add(x, y):

return x + y

def subtract(x, y):

return x - y

def multiply(x, y):

return x * y

def divide(x, y):

if y == 0:

return "Error! Division by zero."

else:

return x / y

def main():

try:

# Take input from the user for the first number

num1 = float(input("Enter the first number: "))

# Take input from the user for the second number

num2 = float(input("Enter the second number: "))

# Take input from the user for the operator

operator = input("Enter the operator (+, -, *, /): ")

 # Perform the calculation based on the operator

if operator == '+':

result = add(num1, num2)

elif operator == '-':

result = subtract(num1, num2)

elif operator == '*':

result = multiply(num1, num2)

elif operator == '/':

result = divide(num1, num2)

else:

result = "Invalid operator entered."

# Print the result

print("Result:", result)

except ValueError:

print("Please enter valid numeric values for the numbers.")

except Exception as e:

print("An error occurred:", str(e))

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :

Enter the first number: 10

Enter the second number: 5
Enter the operator (+, -, *, /): +
Result: 15.0
Ques 11: Write a program to check whether the character enter by the user is in upper case
or in lower case

def check_case(char):

if char.islower():

return "Lowercase"

elif char.isupper():

return "Uppercase"

else:

return "Not an alphabet"

def main():

try:

# Take input from the user

char = input("Enter a character: ")

# Check the case of the character

case = check_case(char)

# Print the result

print("The character '{}' is in {}.".format(char, case))

except Exception as e:

print("An error occurred:", str(e))

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()
OUTPUT :

Enter a character: a
The character 'a' is in Lowercase.

Ques 12: Write a program that ask user to enter the number and if the entered number is
greater that or equal to 100 check the number is even or odd if number is less that 100 it will
not check the number is even or not it will only print the message that the number is less
100

def check_even_odd(number):

if number % 2 == 0:

return "even"

else:

return "odd"

def main():

try:

# Take input from the user

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

# Check if the number is greater than or equal to 100

if number >= 100:

# Check if the number is even or odd

result = check_even_odd(number)

print("The number {} is greater than or equal to 100 and it is {}.".format(number,

result))

else:

print("The number {} is less than 100.".format(number))

except ValueError:

print("Please enter a valid integer.")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :

Enter a number: 103

The number 103 is greater than or equal to 100 and it is odd.

Ques 13: Write a program to check whether the given year is leap or not

def is_leap_year(year):

if (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or (year % 400 == 0):

return True

else:

return False

def main():

try:

# Take input from the user

year = int(input("Enter a year: "))

# Check if the year is a leap year

if is_leap_year(year):

print("{} is a leap year.".format(year))

else:

print("{} is not a leap year.".format(year))

except ValueError:

print("Please enter a valid integer.")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :

Enter a year: 2024

2024 is a leap year.

Ques 14: write a program to print even numbers upto n using while loop

def print_even_numbers(n):

i=2

while i <= n:

print(i, end=" ")

i += 2

def main():

try:

# Take input from the user for the value of n

n = int(input("Enter the value of n: "))

# Print even numbers up to n

print("Even numbers up to {}:".format(n))

print_even_numbers(n)

except ValueError:

print("Please enter a valid integer.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
 main()

OUTPUT :

Enter the value of n: 100

Even numbers up to 100:
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70
72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100

Ques 15: wap to find the sum of the two matrixes using for loop

def add_matrices(matrix1, matrix2):

if len(matrix1) != len(matrix2) or len(matrix1[0]) != len(matrix2[0]):

return "Matrices are not of the same size"

result = []

for i in range(len(matrix1)):

row = []

for j in range(len(matrix1[0])):

row.append(matrix1[i][j] + matrix2[i][j])

result.append(row)

return result

def main():

try:

# Take input for the dimensions of the matrices

rows = int(input("Enter the number of rows: "))

cols = int(input("Enter the number of columns: "))

 # Take input for the elements of the first matrix

print("Enter elements of the first matrix:")

matrix1 = [[int(input("Enter element [{},{}]: ".format(i, j))) for j in range(cols)] for i in

range(rows)]

# Take input for the elements of the second matrix

print("Enter elements of the second matrix:")

matrix2 = [[int(input("Enter element [{},{}]: ".format(i, j))) for j in range(cols)] for i in

range(rows)]

# Calculate the sum of the matrices

result = add_matrices(matrix1, matrix2)

# Print the result

if isinstance(result, str):

print(result)

else:

print("Sum of the matrices:")

for row in result:

print(row)

except ValueError:

print("Please enter valid integer values for the matrix elements.")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :

Enter the number of rows: 2

Enter the number of columns: 2
Enter elements of the first matrix:
Enter element [0,0]: 1
Enter element [0,1]: 2
Enter element [1,0]: 3
Enter element [1,1]: 4
Enter elements of the second matrix:
Enter element [0,0]: 5
Enter element [0,1]: 6
Enter element [1,0]: 7
Enter element [1,1]: 8
Sum of the matrices:
[6, 8]
[10, 12]

Ques 16: wap to find the sum of n natural numbers using while loop and for loop and should
be entered by the user

def sum_of_natural_numbers_while(n):

sum = 0

i=1

while i <= n:

sum += i

i += 1

return sum

def main_while():

try:

n = int(input("Enter the value of n: "))

if n < 1:

print("Please enter a positive integer.")

return

result = sum_of_natural_numbers_while(n)

print("Sum of the first {} natural numbers using while loop: {}".format(n, result))

except ValueError:

print("Please enter a valid integer.")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main_while()

OUTPUT :

Enter the value of n: 10

Sum of the first 10 natural numbers using while loop: 55

def sum_of_natural_numbers_for(n):

sum = 0

for i in range(1, n + 1):

sum += i

return sum

def main_for():

try:

n = int(input("Enter the value of n: "))

if n < 1:

print("Please enter a positive integer.")

return

result = sum_of_natural_numbers_for(n)

print("Sum of the first {} natural numbers using for loop: {}".format(n, result))

except ValueError:

print("Please enter a valid integer.")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main_for()
OUTPUT :

Enter the value of n: 10

Sum of the first 10 natural numbers using for loop: 55

Ques 17: print the pattern

22

333

4444

55555

def print_pattern(rows):

for i in range(1, rows + 1):

print(str(i) * i)

def main():

try:

rows = int(input("Enter the number of rows: "))

print("Pattern:")

print_pattern(rows)

except ValueError:

print("Please enter a valid integer.")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :
Enter the number of rows: 5
Pattern:
1
22
333
4444
55555

Ques 18: wap to calculate the power of the number using the anonymous function

# Define an anonymous function to calculate the power of a number

power = lambda base, exponent: base ** exponent

def main():

try:

# Take input from the user for the base and exponent

base = float(input("Enter the base number: "))

exponent = float(input("Enter the exponent: "))

# Calculate the power using the anonymous function

result = power(base, exponent)

# Print the result

print("Result:", result)

except ValueError:

print("Please enter valid numeric values for the base and exponent.")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :
Enter the base number: 2
Enter the exponent: 3
Result: 8.0

Ques 19: wap to create basic calculator using module

# Define functions for basic arithmetic operations

def add(x, y):

return x + y

def subtract(x, y):

return x - y

def multiply(x, y):

return x * y

def divide(x, y):

if y == 0:

return "Error! Division by zero."

else:

return x / y

def main():

try:

# Take input from the user for two numbers

num1 = float(input("Enter the first number: "))

num2 = float(input("Enter the second number: "))

# Display the menu of operations

 print("\nOperations:")

print("1. Addition")

print("2. Subtraction")

print("3. Multiplication")

print("4. Division")

# Take input from the user for the choice of operation

choice = input("Enter the operation (1/2/3/4): ")

# Perform the selected operation and display the result

if choice == '1':

print("Result:", add(num1, num2))

elif choice == '2':

print("Result:", subtract(num1, num2))

elif choice == '3':

print("Result:", multiply(num1, num2))

elif choice == '4':

print("Result:", divide(num1, num2))

else:

print("Invalid choice. Please enter a valid operation.")

except ValueError:

print("Please enter valid numeric values.")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :
Enter the first number: 20
Enter the second number: 2

Operations:
1. Addition
2. Subtraction
3. Multiplication
4. Division
Enter the operation (1/2/3/4): 3
Result: 40.0

Ques 20: create a txt file intern.txt and ask the user to write a single line of text by user input

def main():

try:

# Open the file in write mode ('w')

with open("intern.txt", "w") as file:

# Ask the user to write a single line of text

line = input("Write a single line of text: ")

# Write the user's input to the file

file.write(line)

print("Text has been written to 'intern.txt'.")

except Exception as e:

print("An error occurred:", str(e))

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :

Write a single line of text: HELLO THIS IS A TEXT PAGE

Text has been written to 'intern.txt'.
Ques 21: create a txt file myfile.txt and ask the user to write separate 3 lines with 3 inputs
statements from the user

def main():

try:

# Open the file in write mode ('w')

with open("myfile.txt", "w") as file:

# Ask the user to write three separate lines

for i in range(3):

line = input("Enter line {}: ".format(i + 1))

file.write(line + "\n")

print("Three lines have been written to 'myfile.txt'.")

except Exception as e:

print("An error occurred:", str(e))

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :

Enter line 1: Hello, this is line 1.

Enter line 2: This is line 2.
Enter line 3: This is line 3.
Three lines have been written to 'myfile.txt'.

Ques 22: wap to read the content of both the file created in above program and merge the
content intol merge.txt

def merge_files():

try:
 # Open the first file (intern.txt) in read mode ('r')

with open("intern.txt", "r") as file1:

# Read the contents of the first file

content1 = file1.read()

# Open the second file (myfile.txt) in read mode ('r')

with open("myfile.txt", "r") as file2:

# Read the contents of the second file

content2 = file2.read()

# Merge the contents of both files

merged_content = content1 + "\n" + content2

# Write the merged content to a new file (merge.txt)

with open("merge.txt", "w") as merge_file:

merge_file.write(merged_content)

print("Contents of both files have been merged into 'merge.txt'.")

except Exception as e:

print("An error occurred:", str(e))

if __name__ == "__main__":

merge_files()

OUTPUT :

Contents of both files have been merged into 'merge.txt'.

Ques 23: count the total number of uppercase and lowercase and digit used in merge.txt
def count_characters(filename):

try:

# Open the file in read mode ('r')

with open(filename, "r") as file:

# Read the contents of the file

content = file.read()

# Initialize counters

uppercase_count = 0

lowercase_count = 0

digit_count = 0

# Iterate through each character in the content

for char in content:

if char.isupper():

uppercase_count += 1

elif char.islower():

lowercase_count += 1

elif char.isdigit():

digit_count += 1

# Print the counts

print("Total number of uppercase letters:", uppercase_count)

print("Total number of lowercase letters:", lowercase_count)

print("Total number of digits:", digit_count)

except Exception as e:
 print("An error occurred:", str(e))

if __name__ == "__main__":

count_characters("merge.txt")

OUTPUT :

Total number of uppercase letters: 23

Total number of lowercase letters: 32
Total number of digits: 3

Ques 24: wap to find a given number is prime or not

def is_prime(number):

if number <= 1:

return False

elif number <= 3:

return True

elif number % 2 == 0 or number % 3 == 0:

return False

i=5

while i * i <= number:

if number % i == 0 or number % (i + 2) == 0:

return False

i += 6

return True

def main():

try:
 # Take input from the user

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

# Check if the number is prime

if is_prime(num):

print(num, "is a prime number.")

else:

print(num, "is not a prime number.")

except ValueError:

print("Please enter a valid integer.")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :

Enter a number: 23
23 is a prime number.

Ques 25: develop a python program to print all the prime numbers within a range of
numbers

def is_prime(number):

if number <= 1:

return False

elif number <= 3:

return True

elif number % 2 == 0 or number % 3 == 0:

return False

i=5
 while i * i <= number:

if number % i == 0 or number % (i + 2) == 0:

return False

i += 6

return True

def print_primes(start, end):

print("Prime numbers between", start, "and", end, "are:")

for num in range(start, end + 1):

if is_prime(num):

print(num, end=" ")

def main():

try:

# Take input from the user for the range of numbers

start = int(input("Enter the start of the range: "))

end = int(input("Enter the end of the range: "))

# Print prime numbers within the range

print_primes(start, end)

except ValueError:

print("Please enter valid integers for the range.")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :
Enter the start of the range: 1
Enter the end of the range: 50
Prime numbers between 1 and 50 are:
2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29 31 37 41 43 47

Ques 26:develop a python program to find the largest and smallest number in the list

def find_largest_and_smallest(numbers):

if not numbers:

return None, None

# Initialize the largest and smallest with the first element of the list

largest = numbers[0]

smallest = numbers[0]

# Iterate through the list to find the largest and smallest numbers

for number in numbers:

if number > largest:

largest = number

if number < smallest:

smallest = number

return largest, smallest

def main():

try:

# Take input from the user for the list of numbers

input_list = input("Enter a list of numbers separated by spaces: ")

numbers = list(map(int, input_list.split()))

 # Find the largest and smallest numbers in the list

largest, smallest = find_largest_and_smallest(numbers)

if largest is not None and smallest is not None:

print("Largest number in the list is:", largest)

print("Smallest number in the list is:", smallest)

else:

print("The list is empty.")

except ValueError:

print("Please enter a valid list of integers.")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :

Enter a list of numbers separated by spaces: 10 20 50 30 40

Largest number in the list is: 50
Smallest number in the list is: 10

Ques 27: develop a python program to develop a calculator and perform the basic
calculation based on the user input and menu should be continuity available

def add(x, y):

return x + y

def subtract(x, y):

return x - y
def multiply(x, y):

return x * y

def divide(x, y):

if y == 0:

return "Error! Division by zero."

else:

return x / y

def menu():

print("\nSelect operation:")

print("1. Addition")

print("2. Subtraction")

print("3. Multiplication")

print("4. Division")

print("5. Exit")

def main():

while True:

menu()

try:

choice = input("Enter choice (1/2/3/4/5): ")

if choice == '5':

print("Exiting the calculator. Goodbye!")

break
 if choice in ('1', '2', '3', '4'):

num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))

num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))

if choice == '1':

print(f"The result of addition is: {add(num1, num2)}")

elif choice == '2':

print(f"The result of subtraction is: {subtract(num1, num2)}")

elif choice == '3':

print(f"The result of multiplication is: {multiply(num1, num2)}")

elif choice == '4':

print(f"The result of division is: {divide(num1, num2)}")

else:

print("Invalid Input. Please choose a valid operation.")

except ValueError:

print("Invalid input. Please enter numeric values.")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :

Select operation:
1. Addition
2. Subtraction
3. Multiplication
4. Division
5. Exit
Enter choice (1/2/3/4/5): 1
Enter first number: 2
Enter second number: 3
The result of addition is: 5.0

Select operation:
1. Addition
2. Subtraction
3. Multiplication
4. Division
5. Exit
Enter choice (1/2/3/4/5): 2
Enter first number: 5
Enter second number: 3
The result of subtraction is: 2.0

Select operation:
1. Addition
2. Subtraction
3. Multiplication
4. Division
5. Exit
Enter choice (1/2/3/4/5): 3
Enter first number: 2
Enter second number: 3
The result of multiplication is: 6.0

Select operation:
1. Addition
2. Subtraction
3. Multiplication
4. Division
5. Exit
Enter choice (1/2/3/4/5): 4
Enter first number: 10
Enter second number: 2
The result of division is: 5.0

Select operation:
1. Addition
2. Subtraction
3. Multiplication
4. Division
5. Exit
Enter choice (1/2/3/4/5): 5
Exiting the calculator. Goodbye!

Ques 28: wap to show all the arguments of a function

def show_arguments(*args, **kwargs):

# Display positional arguments

print("Positional arguments:")

for i, arg in enumerate(args):

 print(f"arg{i + 1}: {arg}")

# Display keyword arguments

print("\nKeyword arguments:")

for key, value in kwargs.items():

print(f"{key}: {value}")

def main():

# Example usage of the function with different arguments

show_arguments(1, "hello", True, name="Alice", age=30, city="Wonderland")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :

Positional arguments:
arg1: 1
arg2: hello
arg3: True

Keyword arguments:
name: Alice
age: 30
city: Wonderland
[ ]:

Ques 29: wap to create a function for simple calculator

def simple_calculator(num1, num2, operator):

if operator == '+':

return num1 + num2

elif operator == '-':

 return num1 - num2

elif operator == '*':

return num1 * num2

elif operator == '/':

if num2 == 0:

return "Error! Division by zero."

else:

return num1 / num2

else:

return "Invalid operator!"

def main():

while True:

try:

# Take input from the user

num1 = float(input("Enter the first number: "))

num2 = float(input("Enter the second number: "))

operator = input("Enter an operator (+, -, *, /): ")

# Calculate the result using the simple_calculator function

result = simple_calculator(num1, num2, operator)

# Print the result

print(f"The result is: {result}")

# Ask the user if they want to perform another calculation

again = input("Do you want to perform another calculation? (yes/no): ").strip().lower()

 if again != 'yes':

print("Exiting the calculator. Goodbye!")

break

except ValueError:

print("Invalid input. Please enter numeric values for the numbers.")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :

Enter the first number: 10

Enter the second number: 5
Enter an operator (+, -, *, /): *
The result is: 50.0
Do you want to perform another calculation? (yes/no): YES
Enter the first number: 10
Enter the second number: 5
Enter an operator (+, -, *, /): -
The result is: 5.0
Do you want to perform another calculation? (yes/no): no
Exiting the calculator. Goodbye!

Ques 30: wap to find the middle element of the string passed and id middle element is not
therir than return nothing

def find_middle_element(s):

length = len(s)

# Check if the length of the string is odd

if length % 2 != 0:

middle_index = length // 2

return s[middle_index]

else:

return "Nothing"
def main():

# Take input from the user

user_input = input("Enter a string: ")

# Find the middle element

result = find_middle_element(user_input)

# Print the result

print("The middle element is:", result)

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :

Enter a string: Hello

The middle element is: l

Ques 31: wap by define a function to calculate mean median of array of the number

def calculate_mean(numbers):

if not numbers:

return None # Return None if the list is empty

return sum(numbers) / len(numbers)

def calculate_median(numbers):

if not numbers:

return None # Return None if the list is empty

 sorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)

length = len(sorted_numbers)

middle_index = length // 2

if length % 2 == 0:

# If even, return the average of the middle two elements

median = (sorted_numbers[middle_index - 1] + sorted_numbers[middle_index]) / 2

else:

# If odd, return the middle element

median = sorted_numbers[middle_index]

return median

def main():

try:

# Take input from the user for the list of numbers

input_list = input("Enter a list of numbers separated by spaces: ")

numbers = list(map(float, input_list.split()))

# Calculate mean and median

mean = calculate_mean(numbers)

median = calculate_median(numbers)

# Print the results

if mean is not None and median is not None:

print(f"The mean of the numbers is: {mean}")

 print(f"The median of the numbers is: {median}")

else:

print("The list is empty.")

except ValueError:

print("Please enter a valid list of numbers.")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :

Enter a list of numbers separated by spaces: 1 2 3 4 5

The mean of the numbers is: 3.0
The median of the numbers is: 3.0

Ques 32: wap to change the string to the new string where the first and the last character
has been existed

def swap_first_last_characters(s):

# Check if the string is empty or has only one character

if len(s) <= 1:

return s

# Swap the first and last characters

new_string = s[-1] + s[1:-1] + s[0]

return new_string

def main():

# Take input from the user

user_input = input("Enter a string: ")

 # Get the new string with the first and last characters swapped

result = swap_first_last_characters(user_input)

# Print the result

print("The new string is:", result)

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :

Enter a string: HELLO

The new string is: OELLH

Ques 33:create a function to print the length of the string

def print_string_length(s):

# Calculate the length of the string

length = len(s)

# Print the length of the string

print(f"The length of the string is: {length}")

def main():

# Take input from the user

user_input = input("Enter a string: ")

# Call the function to print the length of the string

 print_string_length(user_input)

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :

Enter a string: HELLO

The length of the string is: 5

Ques 34: create a function to print the square of the number using the function

def print_square_of_number(n):

# Calculate the square of the number

square = n * n

# Print the square of the number

print(f"The square of {n} is: {square}")

def main():

try:

# Take input from the user

user_input = float(input("Enter a number: "))

# Call the function to print the square of the number

print_square_of_number(user_input)

except ValueError:

print("Invalid input. Please enter a valid number.")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :

Enter a number: 5
The square of 5.0 is: 25.0

Ques 35: write a function to take name as a function as input

def print_name():

# Take name input from the user

name = input("Enter your name: ")

# Print the name

print(f"Hello, {name}!")

def main():

# Call the function to take name input and print it

print_name()

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :

Enter your name: SAURABH

Hello, SAURABH!

Ques 36: wap to find the factorial of a no

def factorial(n):

if n < 0:

return "Factorial is not defined for negative numbers."

elif n == 0 or n == 1:

return 1

else:

result = 1

for i in range(2, n + 1):

result *= i

return result

def main():

try:

# Take input from the user

user_input = int(input("Enter a number to find its factorial: "))

# Calculate the factorial using the factorial function

result = factorial(user_input)

# Print the result

print(f"The factorial of {user_input} is: {result}")

except ValueError:

print("Invalid input. Please enter a valid integer.")

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()
OUTPUT :

Enter a number to find its factorial: 5

The factorial of 5 is: 120

Ques 37:write a pandas program to create and display array using pandas model

import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

def create_and_display_array():

# Create a NumPy array

data = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])

# Create a DataFrame from the NumPy array

df = pd.DataFrame(data, columns=['Column1', 'Column2', 'Column3'])

# Display the DataFrame

print("DataFrame created from NumPy array:")

print(df)

def main():

create_and_display_array()

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :

DataFrame created from NumPy array:

Column1 Column2 Column3
0 1 2 3
1 4 5 6
2 7 8 9
Ques 38: wap to convert pandas series to python list

import pandas as pd

def convert_series_to_list():

# Create a Pandas Series

data = pd.Series([10, 20, 30, 40, 50])

# Convert the Pandas Series to a Python list

data_list = data.tolist()

# Display the original Series and the converted list

print("Original Pandas Series:")

print(data)

print("\nConverted Python list:")

print(data_list)

def main():

convert_series_to_list()

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :

Original Pandas Series:

0 10
1 20
2 30
3 40
4 50
dtype: int64
Converted Python list:
[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]

Ques 39: wap to add,sub,mul and div of 2 series

import pandas as pd

def perform_operations(series1, series2):

# Addition

addition = series1 + series2

# Subtraction

subtraction = series1 - series2

# Multiplication

multiplication = series1 * series2

# Division

division = series1 / series2

# Display the results

print("Series 1:")

print(series1)

print("\nSeries 2:")

print(series2)

print("\nAddition of Series:")

print(addition)
 print("\nSubtraction of Series:")

print(subtraction)

print("\nMultiplication of Series:")

print(multiplication)

print("\nDivision of Series:")

print(division)

def main():

# Create two Pandas Series

series1 = pd.Series([10, 20, 30, 40, 50])

series2 = pd.Series([5, 4, 3, 2, 1])

# Perform operations on the Series

perform_operations(series1, series2)

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :

Series 1:
0 10
1 20
2 30
3 40
4 50
dtype: int64

Series 2:
0 5
1 4
2 3
3 2
4 1
dtype: int64

Addition of Series:
0 15
1 24
2 33
3 42
4 51
dtype: int64

Subtraction of Series:
0 5
1 16
2 27
3 38
4 49
dtype: int64

Multiplication of Series:
0 50
1 80
2 90
3 80
4 50
dtype: int64

Division of Series:
0 2.0
1 5.0
2 10.0
3 20.0
4 50.0
dtype: float64

Ques 40: program to convert numpy array to pandas series

import numpy as np

import pandas as pd

def convert_array_to_series(array):

# Convert the NumPy array to a Pandas Series

series = pd.Series(array)
 # Display the original array and the converted series

print("Original NumPy array:")

print(array)

print("\nConverted Pandas Series:")

print(series)

def main():

# Create a NumPy array

array = np.array([10, 20, 30, 40, 50])

# Call the function to convert the array to a series and display the result

convert_array_to_series(array)

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT :

Original NumPy array:

[10 20 30 40 50]

Converted Pandas Series:

0 10
1 20
2 30
3 40
4 50
dtype: int32

Ques 41: wap to create a display a dataframe from dic which has index label

import pandas as pd

# Example dictionary
data = {
'Name': ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie'],
'Age': [25, 30, 35],
'City': ['New York', 'Los Angeles', 'Chicago']
}

# Specifying index labels

index_labels = ['Person1', 'Person2', 'Person3']

# Creating the DataFrame

df = pd.DataFrame(data, index=index_labels)

# Displaying the DataFrame

print(df)

Output:
Name Age City
Person1 Alice 25 New York
Person2 Bob 30 Los Angeles
Person3 Charlie 35 Chicago

Ques 42: Using the dirtydata csv fix the bad data set( bad data could be : empty cell ,data in
wrong format ,duplicate data and wrong data)

import pandas as pd

# Load the dataset

df = pd.read_csv('dirtydata.csv')

# Display the initial DataFrame

print("Initial DataFrame:")

print(df)

df.dropna(inplace=True)

# df.fillna({

# 'column_name': 'fill_value',

# 'another_column_name': 'another_fill_value'

# }, inplace=True)

df['date_column'] = pd.to_datetime(df['date_column'], errors='coerce')

df['numeric_column'] = pd.to_numeric(df['numeric_column'], errors='coerce')

df.drop_duplicates(inplace=True)

df['age'] = df['age'].apply(lambda x: df['age'].mean() if x < 0 else x)

df.loc[df['score'] > 100, 'score'] = 100 # assuming scores should be between 0 and 100
print("Cleaned DataFrame:")

print(df)

df.to_csv('cleaneddata.csv', index=False)

Ques 43: wap to fix the wrong data using pandas (file used for the operation is dirtydata.csv)

import pandas as pd

# Load the dataset

df = pd.read_csv('dirtydata.csv')

# Display the initial DataFrame

print("Initial DataFrame:")

print(df)

# Step 1: Handle empty cells

# Option 1: Remove rows with any empty cells

df.dropna(inplace=True)

# Option 2: Fill empty cells with a specific value (e.g., fill numeric columns with 0 and string
columns with 'Unknown')

# df.fillna({

# 'column_name': 'fill_value',

# 'another_column_name': 'another_fill_value'

# }, inplace=True)

# Step 2: Correct data formats

# Convert columns to appropriate data types

# Example: Convert a date column to datetime format

if 'date_column' in df.columns:

df['date_column'] = pd.to_datetime(df['date_column'], errors='coerce')

# Example: Convert numeric columns to float or int

if 'numeric_column' in df.columns:

df['numeric_column'] = pd.to_numeric(df['numeric_column'], errors='coerce')

# Step 3: Remove duplicate rows

df.drop_duplicates(inplace=True)

# Step 4: Correct incorrect data

# Example: Replace invalid values in a specific column

# Replace negative ages with the column's mean age (assuming age should be positive)

if 'age' in df.columns:

df['age'] = df['age'].apply(lambda x: df['age'].mean() if x < 0 else x)

# Example: Replace values based on condition

# Replace outliers or specific incorrect values

if 'score' in df.columns:

df.loc[df['score'] > 100, 'score'] = 100 # assuming scores should be between 0 and 100

# Additional example: Correct categorical data

if 'gender' in df.columns:

df['gender'] = df['gender'].str.capitalize() # standardize gender values to have capitalized

format

# Display the cleaned DataFrame

print("Cleaned DataFrame:")

print(df)

# Save the cleaned DataFrame to a new CSV file

df.to_csv('cleaneddata.csv', index=False)

Ques 44:using pandas remove the duplicate data (file used for the operation is dirtydata.csv)

import pandas as pd

# Load the dataset

df = pd.read_csv('dirtydata.csv')

# Display the initial DataFrame

print("Initial DataFrame:")

print(df)
# Remove duplicate rows

df.drop_duplicates(inplace=True)

# Display the cleaned DataFrame

print("DataFrame after removing duplicates:")

print(df)

# Save the cleaned DataFrame to a new CSV file

df.to_csv('cleaneddata.csv', index=False)

ques 45: wap to find the sum of all elements in a list

# Define a list of numbers

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

# Calculate the sum of all elements in the list

total_sum = sum(numbers)

# Print the result

print("The sum of all elements in the list is:", total_sum)

Ques 46: wap to remove the duplicate from a list

# Define a list with duplicate elements

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 2, 3, 1]

# Remove duplicates by converting the list to a set

unique_numbers = list(set(numbers))

# Print the result

print("List after removing duplicates (order not preserved):", unique_numbers)

Ques 47: create a program to reverse a li8st without using build in function

# Define a list with some elements

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
# Initialize an empty list to store the reversed elements

reversed_numbers = []

# Iterate over the original list in reverse order and append elements to the new list

for i in range(len(numbers) - 1, -1, -1):

reversed_numbers.append(numbers[i])

# Print the result

print("Reversed list:", reversed_numbers)

Ques 48: wap to find the max and min elements in the list

# Define a list with some elements

numbers = [3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 5, 3, 5]

# Initialize variables to store the maximum and minimum values

# Set them to the first element of the list initially

if len(numbers) == 0:

raise ValueError("The list is empty, cannot find maximum and minimum values.")

max_element = numbers[0]

min_element = numbers[0]

# Iterate through the list to find the maximum and minimum values

for num in numbers:

if num > max_element:

max_element = num

if num < min_element:

min_element = num

# Print the results

print("The maximum element in the list is:", max_element)

print("The minimum element in the list is:", min_element)

Ques 49: implement a program to sort the list of integer in asc order without using build in
function

# Define a list of integers

numbers = [64, 34, 25, 12, 22, 11, 90]

# Implementing Bubble Sort

def bubble_sort(arr):

n = len(arr)

# Traverse through all array elements

for i in range(n):

# Last i elements are already in place

for j in range(0, n-i-1):

# Traverse the array from 0 to n-i-1

# Swap if the element found is greater

# than the next element

if arr[j] > arr[j+1]:

arr[j], arr[j+1] = arr[j+1], arr[j]

# Call the bubble_sort function

bubble_sort(numbers)

# Print the sorted list

print("

Ques 50:wap a python program to find the length of the tuple

# Define a tuple with some elements

my_tuple = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)

# Find the length of the tuple using the len() function

length = len(my_tuple)
# Print the result

print("The length of the tuple is:", length)

Ques 51: implement a function to concatenate the two tuples

def concatenate_tuples(tuple1, tuple2):

# Create a new tuple containing elements from both tuples

concatenated_tuple = tuple1 + tuple2

return concatenated_tuple

# Example tuples

tuple1 = (1, 2, 3)

tuple2 = (4, 5, 6)

# Concatenate the tuples using the function

result_tuple = concatenate_tuples(tuple1, tuple2)

# Print the result

print("Concatenated tuple:", result_tuple)

Ques 52: wap to find the index of an element in the tuple

def find_index(tuple, element):

# Iterate through the tuple elements and find the index of the element

for i in range(len(tuple)):

if tuple[i] == element:

return i

# If element not found, return -1

return -1

# Example tuple

my_tuple = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)

# Element to find

element_to_find = 30

# Find the index of the element using the find_index function

index = find_index(my_tuple, element_to_find)

# Print the result

if index != -1:

print("Index of", element_to_find, "in the tuple is:", index)

else:

print("Element", element_to_find, "not found in the tuple.")

Ques 53: create a program to count the occurrence of an element in the tuple

def count_occurrence(tuple, element):

# Initialize a counter to store the occurrence count

count = 0

# Iterate through the tuple elements and count the occurrences of the element

for item in tuple:

if item == element:

count += 1

return count

# Example tuple

my_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 1, 4, 1, 5)

# Element to count

element_to_count = 1

# Count the occurrence of the element using the count_occurrence function

occurrence_count = count_occurrence(my_tuple, element_to_count)

# Print the result

print("The occurrence count of", element_to_count, "in the tuple is:", occurrence_count)
Ques 54: write a function to check if two tuples have any element in common

def have_common_element(tuple1, tuple2):

# Iterate through elements of the first tuple

for element in tuple1:

# Check if the element is present in the second tuple

if element in tuple2:

return True

# If no common element found, return False

return False

# Example tuples

tuple1 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

tuple2 = (6, 7, 8, 9, 10)

# Check if the tuples have any common element using the have_common_element function

if have_common_element(tuple1, tuple2):

print("The tuples have at least one common element.")

else:

print("The tuples do not have any common element.")

Ques 55: wap to illiterate over a dic and print key values pair

# Define a dictionary

my_dict = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30, 'city': 'New York'}

# Iterate over the dictionary and print key-value pairs

for key in my_dict:

print(key, ":", my_dict[key])

Ques 56: implement a function to merge two dic

def merge_dicts(dict1, dict2):

 merged_dict = dict1.copy() # Make a copy of the first dictionary

merged_dict.update(dict2) # Update the copy with the second dictionary

return merged_dict

# Example dictionaries

dict1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}

dict2 = {'b': 3, 'c': 4}

# Merge the dictionaries using the merge_dicts function

merged_dict = merge_dicts(dict1, dict2)

# Print the merged dictionary

print("Merged dictionary:", merged_dict)

Ques 57: wap to find the keys corresponding to the max and min value in the dic

def find_max_min_keys(dictionary):

# Check if the dictionary is empty

if not dictionary:

return None, None

# Initialize variables to store max and min values and their corresponding keys

max_key, min_key = None, None

max_value = float('-inf') # Initialize to negative infinity

min_value = float('inf') # Initialize to positive infinity

# Iterate over the dictionary items

for key, value in dictionary.items():

# Update max value and corresponding key

if value > max_value:

max_value = value

max_key = key

# Update min value and corresponding key

 if value < min_value:

min_value = value

min_key = key

return max_key, min_key

# Example dictionary

my_dict = {'a': 10, 'b': 20, 'c': 5, 'd': 15}

# Find keys corresponding to max and min values using the function

max_key, min_key = find_max_min_keys(my_dict)

# Print the result

print("Key corresponding to the maximum value:", max_key)

print("Key corresponding to the minimum value:", min_key)

Ques 58: create a function to check if a key exists in the dic

def key_exists(dictionary, key):

# Check if the key exists in the dictionary

return key in dictionary

# Example dictionary

my_dict = {'a': 10, 'b': 20, 'c': 30}

# Key to check

key_to_check = 'b'

# Check if the key exists using the key_exists function

if key_exists(my_dict, key_to_check):

print("Key", key_to_check, "exists in the dictionary.")

else:

print("Key", key_to_check, "does not exist in the dictionary.")

Ques 59: wap to sort a dic by its value in asc order

def sort_dict_by_value_asc(dictionary):

# Use sorted() function with a lambda function as key to sort dictionary by value in
ascending order

sorted_dict = dict(sorted(dictionary.items(), key=lambda item: item[1]))

return sorted_dict

# Example dictionary

my_dict = {'a': 10, 'b': 5, 'c': 20, 'd': 15}

# Sort the dictionary by value in ascending order using the sort_dict_by_value_asc function

sorted_dict = sort_dict_by_value_asc(my_dict)

# Print the sorted dictionary

print("Sorted dictionary by value in ascending order:", sorted_dict)

Ques 60: wap to create a set and perform basic set operation (union, intersection and
difference)

# Create two sets

set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

set2 = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

# Print the original sets

print("Set 1:", set1)

print("Set 2:", set2)

# Perform union of the sets

union_set = set1.union(set2)

print("Union of set 1 and set 2:", union_set)

# Perform intersection of the sets

intersection_set = set1.intersection(set2)

print("Intersection of set 1 and set 2:", intersection_set)

# Perform difference of the sets (set1 - set2)

difference_set1 = set1.difference(set2)
print("Difference of set 1 and set 2:", difference_set1)

# Perform difference of the sets (set2 - set1)

difference_set2 = set2.difference(set1)

print("Difference of set 2 and set 1:", difference_set2)

Ques 62: wap to check if two sets have any elements in common

def have_common_elements(set1, set2):

# Check if the intersection of the sets is not empty

return len(set1.intersection(set2)) > 0

# Example sets

set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

set2 = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

# Check if the sets have any common elements using the have_common_elements function

if have_common_elements(set1, set2):

print("The sets have common elements”)

Ques 63: draw pattern:

n=int (input("Enter the number of rows:"))

for i in range(1,n+1):

print(" "*(n-i),end="")

for j in range(1,i+1):

print(chr(64+j),end=" ")

print()

Ques 64: draw pattern:

num=int(input("Enter the number of rows: "))

for i in range(1,num+1):

print(" "*(i-1),end="")

for j in range(1,num+2-i):

print(chr(65+num-i),end=" ")

for k in range(2,num+2-i):

print(chr(65+num-i),end=" ")

print()

Ques 65: draw pattern :

num=int(input("Enter a number:"))

for i in range(1,num+1):

print(" "*(num-i),end="")

for j in range(1,i+1):

print(num-j,end=" ")

print()

for k in range(1,num):

print(" "*k,end="")

for l in range(1,num+1-k):

print(num-1,end=" ")
 print()

Ques 66: draw pattern :

num=int(input("Enter a number:"))

for i in range(1,num+1):

for j in range(1,i+1):

print(num-i+j-1,end="")

print()

for a in range(1,num+1):

for k in range(0,num-a):

print(k+a,end="")

print()

Ques 67: draw pattern :

num=int(input("Enter a number:"))

for i in range(1,num+1):

print(" "*(num-i),end="")

for j in range(0,i):

print(chr(65+num+j-i),end=" ")

print()
for k in range(1,num):

print(" "*k,end="")

for l in range(0,num-k):

print(chr(65+k+1),end=" ")

print()

Ques 68: draw pattern :

num=int(input("Enter a number:"))

for i in range(1,num+1):

print(" "*(num-i),end="")

for j in range(1,i+1):

print("*",end=" ")

print(" "*(num-i),end="")

for k in range(1,i+1):

print("*",end=" ")

print()