Industrial Automation and Control (PE-EC802B)

ECE-8th Semester
Module-5

Presented By
Prof. Jayjeet Sarkar

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 Topic: Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)

What does PLC stand for?

• PLC - Programmable Logic Controller
• PLC implements logic control functions by means of a program

A digitally operating electronic apparatus which uses a programming

memory for the internal storage of instructions for implementing specific
functions such as logic, sequencing, timing, counting and arithmetic to
control through digital or analog modules, various types of machines or
process.

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)

How does a PLC differ from a computer?

• A computer is optimized for calculation and display tasks
• A computer is programmed by specialists
• A PLC is designed for (logic) control and regulation tasks
• A PLC is programmed by non-specialists
• A PLC is well adapted to industrial environment

PLC Origin
• Developed to replace relays in the late 1960s
• Costs dropped and became popular by 1980s
• Now used in many industrial designs

Historical Background
• The Hydramatic Division of the General Motors Corporation specified the
design criteria for the first programmable controller in 1968
Their primary goal :
• To eliminate the high costs associated with inflexible, relay-controlled systems.

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
Historical Background
• The controller had to be designed in modular form, so that sub-assemblies
could be removed easily for replacement or repair.
• The control system needed the capability to pass data collection to a central
system.
• The system had to be reusable.
• The method used to program the controller had to be simple, so that it could be
easily understood by plant personnel.
What tasks do PLC perform ?
• The logic control tasks such as interlocking, sequencing, timing and counting
(previously undertaken with relays or pneumatics)
• In addition, PLCs can perform a variety of calculation, communication and
monitoring tasks

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
Leading Brands Of PLC
AMERICAN:
1. Allen Bradley 2. Gould Modicon 3. Texas Instruments
4. General Electric 5. Westinghouse 6. Cutter Hammer
7. Square D

EUROPEAN:
1. Siemens 2. Klockner & Mouller 3. Festo 4. Telemechanique

JAPANESE:
1. Toshiba 2. Omron 3. Fanuc 4. Mitsubishi

Areas of Application :
• Manufacturing / Machining
• Food / Beverage
• Metals
• Power
• Mining
• Petrochemical / Chemical

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)

Power Supply:
• Provides the voltage needed to run the primary PLC components
I/O Modules:
• Provides signal conversion and isolation between the internal logic- level signals
inside the PLC and the field’s high level signal.
Processor :
• Provides intelligence to command and govern the activities of the entire PLC systems.
Programming Device :
• Used to enter the desired program that will determine the sequence of operation and
control of process equipment or driven machine.
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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)

I/O Module
• The I/O interface section of a PLC connects it to external field devices.
• The main purpose of the I/O interface is to condition the various signals received from
or sent to the external input and output devices.
• Input modules converts signals from discrete or analog input devices to logic levels
acceptable to PLC’s processor.
• Output modules converts signal from the processor to levels capable of driving the
connected discrete or analog output devices.

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
The two major types of PLC

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
The two major types of PLC

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
Power Supply of PLC
•The rack of plc provides the dc power to components that are connected with it.
•For big PLC schemes, this supply is not enough for components to connect with it, for
larger scheme supply is given by separate DC or AC systems.
•For small plc networks, the power supply can be used to power field instruments.

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
Processor of PLC
The processor of plc works like the brain of a
human, which means it controls every process of plc.
The processor of PLC comprises of the
microprocessor for the implementation of logic and
monitoring the signal communicating process
between different parts.
The processor needs memory or storage place for
storage of the outcomes of the logical processes done
by the microprocessor. Memory is also compulsory
for the program EPROM (erasable programmable
read-only memory) or EEPROM (electrically
erasable programmable read-only memory) plus
RAM (random access memory). The Central
processor unit regulates all PLC action and is
intended so that the operator can put the anticipated
program in ladder logic. The PLC program is
implemented as a portion of a repetitive procedure
denoted as a scan, it explains in a given diagram. A
distinctive PLC scan reads the input status with the
Central Processing Unit. Then, the submission
program is implemented.

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)

Basic Ladder Logic Programming

• Boolean statements and ladder logic equivalents–Logical AND–Logical OR–
Logical NOT
• Commonly used ladder logic sequences– Start-stop-seal circuits– Basic
interlocks
• Properly formatted outputs

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
PLC Timer Functions

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
PLC Timer Functions

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
PLC Timer Functions

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
PLC Timer Functions

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
PLC Timer Functions

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
PLC Counter Functions

• PLC counters have programming formats which are similar to timer formats
• Transitions on counter input rung causes the counter to count up (or down)
• Counter reset is accomplished via the (RES) instruction

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
PLC Counter Functions

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
PLC Counter Functions

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
PLC Counter Functions

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
PLC Counter Functions

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
PLC Counter Functions

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
PLC Counter Functions

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
PLC Counter Functions

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
PLC Counter Functions

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
Comparison and Math Operations

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
Comparison and Math Operations

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
Comparison and Math Operations

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
Comparison and Math Operations

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
Comparison and Math Operations

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
Comparison and Math Operations

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
Comparison and Math Operations

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
Comparison and Math Operations

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 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)
Comparison and Math Operations

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 THE END

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